(1) Background: Vaginal dysbiosis is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Standard antimicrobial therapy may temporarily reduce pathogen burden but often disrupts beneficial Lactobacillus species, contributing to recurrence. Topical oxygen treatment may promote selective suppression of anaerobic pathogens and restore Lactobacillus-dominated communities. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the effect of topical oxygen treatment—alone or adjunctive to systemic antimicrobial treatment—on vaginal microbiota composition. (2) Methods: Twenty-two symptomatic women affected by either BV or vulvovaginitis were enrolled and assigned to either topical oxygen or standard antimicrobial treatment plus topical oxygen. Oxygen delivery (3 L/min for 20 minutes, twice weekly for 2 weeks) was performed by using the Caress Flow device. Vaginal microbiota composition, pH and Lactobacillus presence were evaluated at baseline and 10–14 days post-treatment using the 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library Preparation, sequencing and analysis. (3) Results: Topical oxygen alone increased the negative swabs from 4 (36.4%) to 9 (81.8%), p=0.06 and maintained stably high the total Lactobacillus spp. 92.60% [67.88–96.16%] at baseline and 91.50% [87.4–95.0%] pre-treatment. Oxygen plus antimicrobial treatment markedly reduced strict anaerobes (pre-treatment: 24.8% [15.3-36.5] to 9.0% [1.3-17.4] after treatment, p=0.05) and decreased BV-associated genera including Atopobium and Sneathia. Both oxygen-based regimens showed trends toward restoration or maintenance of Lactobacillus dominance. (4) Conclusions: Topical oxygen treatment favourably modulates the vaginal microbiota and may accelerate recovery from dysbiosis especially when used combined with standard antimicrobial treatment. These findings support larger trials to assess clinical efficacy and recurrence prevention.

Vaginal dysbiosis is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Standard antimicrobial therapy may temporarily reduce pathogen burden but often disrupts beneficial Lactobacillus species, contributing to recurrence. Topical oxygen treatment may promote selective suppression of anaerobic pathogens and restore Lactobacillus-dominated communities. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the effect of topical oxygen treatment—alone or adjunctive to systemic antimicrobial treatment—on vaginal microbiota composition. Twenty-two symptomatic women affected by either BV or vulvovaginitis were enrolled and assigned to either topical oxygen or standard antimicrobial treatment plus topical oxygen. Oxygen delivery (3 L/min for 20 min, twice weekly for 2 weeks) was performed by using the Caress Flow device. Vaginal microbiota composition, pH and Lactobacillus presence were evaluated at baseline and 10–14 days post-treatment using the 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library Preparation, sequencing and analysis. Topical oxygen alone increased the negative swabs from 4 (36.4%) to 9 (81.8%), p = 0.06, and maintained stably high the total Lactobacillus spp., 92.60% [67.88–96.16%] at baseline and 91.50% [87.4–95.0%] pre-treatment. Oxygen plus antimicrobial treatment markedly reduced strict anaerobes (pre-treatment: 24.8% [15.3–36.5] to 9.0% [1.3–17.4] after treatment, p = 0.05) and decreased BV-associated genera including Atopobium and Sneathia. Both oxygen-based regimens showed trends toward restoration or maintenance of Lactobacillus dominance. Topical oxygen treatment favourably modulates the vaginal microbiota and may accelerate recovery from dysbiosis especially when used combined with standard antimicrobial treatment. These findings support larger trials to assess clinical efficacy and recurrence prevention.

AIM: The aim of our clinical study has been to evaluate the efficacy of the association between high concentration oxygen and hyaluronic acid (HA) for the treatment of urethral pain syndrome (UPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty women (45–65 years old) with suspected UPS diagnosis appealing to our Second Opinion Medical Consultation Network signed an informed consent form and were treated with oxygen/HA therapy treatment, 7 times a week, for a total of 5 weeks at the outpatient clinic (Clinic Ester Veronesi, Modena, Italy).The physicians of the Second Opinion Network followed up weekly from remote (WhatsApp, Skype) each treated patient as to state the effectiveness, tolerability, and side effects of the treatment. RESULTS: We observed significant reductions in number of urgency urinary incontinence (−25.37 vs. −12.01 mean value), nocturia episodes (−24.01 vs. −11.23 mean value), volume voided in each micturition (−127.79 vs. −98.20 mean value), and micturitions per 24 h (−44.01 vs. −20.12 mean value). Analyses of the pre- and post-treatment scores showed a statistically significant improvement in Vaginal assessment scale, pain urgency frequency, and patient perception of bladder condition scale scores (p < 0.0305, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively). No side effects associated with the treatment were reported by the patients. CONCLUSIONS: We can highlight that Caressflow® is effective and very well tolerated in UPS syndrome: The oxygen flow mixed with HA gives immediately a sense of freshness and urethro-bladder relaxation that lasts several hours. Further studies including larger sample sizes, placebo, and or challenge with other local and systemic treatments and different administration schedules versus longer follow-up are recommended.

BACKGROUND: The postpartum period challenges women with a variety of urogenital disorders, which significantly impact their physical and psychological well-being. Traditional treatments often fall short in addressing the complexities of these conditions, which include urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction. AIM: This study explores the effectiveness of a novel treatment—high-concentration oxygen combined with hyaluronic acid—aimed at improving postpartum urogenital health. METHODS: This clinical study enrolled 41 postpartum women aged 18 to 42, undergoing a four-week treatment regimen with high-concentration oxygen combined with hyaluronic acid. This device delivers high-concentration oxygen and hyaluronic acid directly to the vaginal area. The severity of symptoms such as vulvar laxity, urogenital triangle lowering, and urethral orifice laxity was assessed at baseline and post-treatment using a four-point scale. RESULTS: Treatment resulted in significant improvements in all targeted symptoms, with the most notable reductions observed in muco-epithelial inflammation scar (60% reduction) and vulvar laxity (54% reduction). These improvements were statistically significant (p<0.0001), indicating a robust response to the therapy. The study also noted enhancements in general well-being, although these were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment with high-concentration oxygen and hyaluronic acid offers a promising new approach to postpartum rehabilitation. By significantly reducing key symptoms of urogenital dysfunction, this treatment has the potential to enhance the quality of life for postpartum women. Future studies should investigate long-term outcomes and the integration of this therapy into broader postpartum care practices.