In this paper, the authors summarize the results of the bibliometric analysis. The object of the analysis is scientific publications published in the Scopus database in the scientific field of the impact of sports on the economy. The study aims to fill the research gap in the bibliometric analysis of the impact of sports on the economy by providing an empirical contribution that reveals trends in the scientific literature on the impact of sports on the economy, the most productive researchers, institutions, countries, journals in this field of research, and identifying a bibliometric framework that includes networks between researchers. Scientific articles indexed in Scopus were analyzed with no specific time limits using bibliometric analysis methods—performance analysis, citation analysis, and science mapping. We employed performance analysis, citation analysis, and science mapping via the Bibliometrix package R Studio® and the VOSviewer. The results of the systematic review show that, according to the Scopus database, 801 authors have studied the impact of sports on the global economy, and 299 scientific articles have been published in various journals around the world during the study period. This relatively low number suggests insufficient attention on the part of researchers to the importance of the sports sector. The most active researchers are from the USA, the UK, and China. The most influential journals and research institutions have been identified. The study results showed disagreement between the authors in some areas of the study (economic impact of major sporting events, impact of new sports infrastructure on regional economic growth, illustrating the ongoing debates in the field.

The importance of operational risk management in the bank increases every year. Banks need to take actions to prevent fraudulent activities, minimize errors in transactions, automate processes and improve data security. Ignoring operational risk procedures or failure to implement suitable control mechanisms could lead to unexpected losses, unsatisfied customers, and potentially regulatory sanctions, all of which could seriously harm bank’s reputation in a highly competitive market. A specific focus is on payments and security transactions, as they are linked to the biggest risks. Any regulatory driven project failure or IT project failure in the bank, insufficient project governance, failed implementation of a new system or failure in external data sources can lead to even bigger losses. After a review of the Basel Framework and the new set of standards of the upcoming changes to take effect as of 2023, the aim of this article is to elucidate the changes related to operational risk capital in banks and to ascertain the weakest points in operational risk management. Therefore, this topic is timely relevant, as the aim of the research is to manifest the possible changes withing operational risk management in banks, by gathering and analysing empirical evidence. This article is based on academic research and professional experience. The methods used in the research are comparison, generalization and graphical illustration of statistical information, identification of the main idea of regulatory frameworks and legal documentation. The main results and findings of the research are that banks will need to rethink the strategies of their capital management and this article emphasizes the importance of a redesigned approach towards operational risk assessment in Basel III and substantiates the efficiency of the proposed framework. With Basel III, each loss may cause more challenges, as will be considered twice, as the direct impact on profit/loss and direct impact on future operational risk capital. Another finding is that the biggest amounts of losses are related to corporate items events and according to the static data taken from ORX membership community, top five monthly losses are far from normal distribution. Important finding was that most of the banks were not prepared for COVID-19-pandemic and had to review operational risk procedures immediately to secure their business in working from home environment, meaning that gap in operational risk management existed already before COVID-19-pandemic.

Given the significant role that banks play in the global economy and the inherent risks they encounter in their day-to-day operations, studying operational risk management in banks is crucial. The purpose of this research is to comprehend the operational risk management challenges in banks, mainly focusing on human errors and management response to them, as human factors often play an important role in operational failures. The aim of this paper is to investigate the governance cultures and operational risk management strategies of banks, to identify the gaps in risk mitigation activities and controls and to determine the improvements needed to minimize human errors. This research aims to provide prospective operational risk management solutions for banks by gathering and analysing survey data from finance sector employees worldwide as well as empirical information, making the topic practical. Factors influencing operational risk management form the basis of the qualitative method used in this study. The main findings indicate that management’s attitude towards human errors and the role of risk governance structures, such as risk committees and internal control functions, have significant relationships with the reasons for human errors in banks and thus have an impact on operational risk management in banks. Banks need to examine their risk management frameworks; evaluate the standard reactions of bank management to human error, such as root cause analysis, incident investigation, and planning for corrective action; strengthen their working policies; integrate more lessons learned from sessions and training; re-evaluate their internal controls; and analyse their escalation procedures. Studying management response to human errors and key controls in banks has several practical implications for organizations. First, insights from this research can help banks enhance their risk management practices, identify their weaknesses, improve their internal controls, and put preventive measures in place to reduce the possibility and consequences of human errors. Second, a positive safety culture can be promoted by encouraging open collaboration, accountability and learning from mistakes. Third, enhancing employee improvement and training can be achieved by understanding the needs of employee development based on the insights from this study. Finally, studying management responses to human errors can help banks oversee compliance with regulatory reporting standards, investigation protocols, and corrective measure specifications.

Despite extensive regulatory harmonisation under the European Capital Markets Union (CMU), equity market development in several peripheral EU economies remains critically weak. While institutional infrastructure exists, issuer participation in public markets remains limited. This study aims to determine the capital market potential by assessing issuer-side financial readiness, with a specific focus on Latvia as a representative small EU, bank-dominated capital market. The study adopts a mixed-methods research design. Quantitatively, fuzzy c-means clustering is applied to firm-level financial statement data for 4070 Latvian non-financial companies for the period 2022–2023 to identify latent groups of potential equity issuers based on turnover, EBIT, equity, and employment size. Qualitatively, an expert-peer forum and a PESTEL framework are used to analyse institutional, political, economic, and behavioural barriers to IPO participation. The clustering analysis identifies 49 firms with comparatively strong financial and organisational characteristics consistent with potential issuer readiness; the analysis does not assess their willingness or complete organisational preparedness to undertake an IPO. Despite this latent issuer potential, Latvia recorded only two IPOs in 2024. The results show that Latvia has a critical mass of financially viable potential issuers, while IPO inactivity is driven by several factors. Qualitative findings reveal that issuer participation is constrained primarily by entrenched bank-financing dominance, disclosure aversion, weak political market signalling, low financial literacy, and insufficient market liquidity rather than by a lack of financially capable firms. The findings highlight several policy implications for increasing capital market potential, including targeted support to improve firms’ readiness for public issuance, selective listings of state-owned enterprises to strengthen market signalling, and initiatives to improve financial literacy and enhance equity investment culture.