Background. International guidelines have not reached a complete agreement about the optimal amount of dietary proteins in chronic kidney disease(CKD). The aim of this study was to compare, with a randomized-controlled design, the metabolic effects of two diets with different protein content (0.55 vs 0.80 g/kg/day) in patients with CKD stages 4–5.

Sexual and gonadal dysfunction/infertility are quite common in patients with chronic kidney disease. Forty percent of male and 55% of female dialysis patients do not achieve orgasm. The pathophysiology of gonadal dysfunction is multifactorial. It is usually a combination of psychological, physiological, and other comorbid factors. Erectile dysfunction in males is mainly due to arterial factors, venous leakage, psychological factors, neurogenic factors, endocrine factors, and drugs. Sexual dysfunction in females is mainly due to hormonal factors and manifests mainly as menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea, lack of vaginal lubrication, and failure to conceive. Treatment of gonadal dysfunction in chronic kidney disease is multipronged and an exact understanding of underlying pathology is essential in proper management of these patients.

Background: Until now, a normal reference range for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in adult Indian potential kidney donors has not been determined and values from a western population are being used as reference. Aim: To determine the reference range of GFR in healthy adult Indian potential kidney donors. Basic Procedures: GFR was measured in 610 (250 male, 360 female, average age 35.16 years) healthy potential kidney donors using the 99mTc-DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) two-plasma sample method of Russell. Results: The mean body surface area (BSA)-normalized GFR value of a young healthy Indian adult potential kidney donor was calculated as 81.4 ± 19.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA – for males it was 82.3 ± 21.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA and for females 80.8 ± 18.1 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA. There was no significant difference between derived mean GFR values in males and females with a p value of 0.37. Conclusions: The normal GFR value for the healthy Indian adult potential kidney donor appears to be much lower than the accepted value for a western population. The mean GFR value of a young healthy Indian adult potential kidney donor is 81.4 ± 19.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA, which is significantly different from the normal value of 109–125 ml/min derived from a western population. These findings might be useful in deciding on a suitable kidney donor in an Indian context.