Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) poses a significant health risk to individuals who rapidly ascend to high altitudes, potentially endangering their lives. Nanoparticles (NPs) offer an effective means of transporting and delivering drugs, protecting nucleic acids from nuclease degradation, and mediating the expression of target genes in specific cells. These NPs are almost non-toxic and easy to prepare and store, possess a large surface area, exhibit good biocompatibility and degradability, and maintain good stability. They can be utilized in the treatment of CMS to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. This paper provides an overview of the impact of NPs on CMS, discussing their roles as nanocarriers and their potential in CMS treatment. It aims to present novel therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of CMS and summarizes the relevant pathways through which NPs contribute to plateau disease treatment, providing a theoretical foundation for future clinical research.

基于7.0T心脏磁共振（cardiac magnetic resonance, CMR）探索苍艾挥发油（Cang-ai volatile oil, CAVO）对青藏高原低压低氧环境心肌肥厚（myocardial hypertrophy, MH）大鼠的治疗作用。 将50只雄性SPF级SD大鼠随机分为平原对照组（CON）、低压低氧组（HH）、心肌肥厚模型组（MH）、苍艾治疗组（MH+CAVO）和盐酸贝那普利治疗组（MH+RX），每组10只。除CON组外，将其余组在高原环境（海拔4250 m）自然饲养8周后，给予相应药物灌胃。后采用CMR测量左心室功能及心肌应变。采用HE染色、Masson染色观察心肌间质纤维化情况，小麦胚芽凝集素（wheat germ agglutinin, WGA）染色分析心肌细胞横截面积；透射电镜观察心肌超微结构改变。ELISA法检测血清中心肌肌钙蛋白T（cardiac troponin T, cTnT）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px）水平。 相较CON组，MH组的左心室整体周向应变（left ventricular global circumferential strain, LVGCS）〔（－18.85±1.67）%〕和左心室整体纵向应变（left ventricular global longitudinal strain, LVGLS）〔（－20.39±1.48）%〕降低（P<0.05）。然而，与MH组相比，MH+CAVO组的LVGCS〔（－22.10±1.08）%〕和LVGLS〔（－24.60±1.72）%〕升高（P均<0.05），表明 CAVO治疗改善了左心室功能。与CON组比较，MH组血清中GSH-Px〔（1173.49±27.10） U/mL vs. （300.83±47.25） U/mL〕和SOD水平〔（302.27±3.65） U/mL vs. （105.96±4.03） U/mL〕降低（P<0.01），MDA水平增加〔（6.65±2.99） μmol/L vs. （57.91±1.13） μmol/L，P<0.01〕，提示MH组大鼠抗氧化能力下降。经CAVO干预后，MH+CAVO组的大鼠表现出血清中SOD〔（278.51±5.97） U/mL〕和GSH-Px〔（961.82±17.56） U/mL〕水平的升高以及MDA〔17.79±1.33） μmol/L〕水平的降低（P均<0.05）。 CAVO通过调节氧化应激反应，有效改善高原环境下心肌肥厚大鼠的心功能，同时改善心肌肥厚。

Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) poses a significant health risk to individuals who rapidly ascend to high altitudes, potentially endangering their lives. Inorganic nanoparticles offer an effective means of transporting and delivering drugs, protecting nucleic acids from nuclease degradation, and mediating the expression of target genes in specific cells. These nanoparticles are almost non-toxic, easy to prepare and store, possess a large surface area, exhibit good biocompatibility and degradability, and maintain good stability. They can be utilized in the treatment of CMS to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. This paper provides an overview of the impact of inorganic nanomaterials on CMS, discussing their roles as nanocarriers and their potential in CMS treatment. It aims to present novel therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of CMS and summarizes the relevant pathways through which nanomaterials contribute to plateau disease treatment, providing a theoretical foundation for future clinical research.

Cardiomyopathy comprises heterogeneous diseases characterized by structural or functional myocardial abnormalities and caused by conditions such as hypertension and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Current management relies mainly on pharmacotherapy and lifestyle interventions, but these approaches are limited by poor bioavailability and adverse effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) can deliver therapeutic drugs to cardiac muscle tissue through passive or active targeting, protecting the drugs they carry from premature degradation. They also show good biocompatibility and minimize damage to healthy tissues. This review summarizes the applications of NPs in cardiomyopathy and their active and passive targeting strategies, and provides a brief overview based on the mechanisms reported in individual published studies. It aims to provide therapeutic strategies for clinical management of cardiomyopathy and a theoretical foundation for future translational research.