Flowering wild vegetation contributes to the maintenance of biodiversity,ecological balance and the sustainability of ecosystems, with a positive influence, inparticular, on pollinating insects. The objective of this research was to characterizemorphologically the pollen grains of wild flowering plants predominant in the town ofLaramie, province of Chao, department of La Libertad, Peru, during winter 2024. Parts ofplants, such stems and branches with flowers, were collected. Plants identification wasdone in the herbarium of the National University of Trujillo (UNT); anthers and pollengrains in 19 identified species were prepared for observation, and characterizationunder a compound microscope at 100X. The great diversity of the pollen grain isstands out in terms of morphological characters between different species and evenwithin the same genus, highlighting the size, shape and ornamentation of the exine asvariable characters, which suggests the great potential for use of such characters inthe taxonomic identification of plants.

The present research was carried out with the objective of determining the comparative differential morphological characteristics between the pollen grains of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Single 1913, Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck 1765, Citrus latifolia (Yu. Tanaka) Yu. Tanaka 1951 and Citrus medica (L.) 1853, from Cajamarca and La Libertad, Perú. Samples of stems and branches with flowers were taken for taxonomic identification in the “Truxillense” herbarium of the Universidad Nacional de Trujillo(UNT), and palynological studies in the Genetics and Molecular Biology laboratory of the UNT, Trujillo, La Libertad, Perú. Dehiscent anthers of each species under study were isolated on a slide sheet, the pollen grains were stained with 0.5% safranin and were observed and photographed under an Olympus BX40 optical microscope at a magnification of 100X, recording the ornamentation characteristics and values. to establish shape, number, diameter of pores and thickness of the exine. The pollen grains in the studied species show reticulated exines, being predominantly prolatespheroidal, tetracolporate; with variable values of P/E, exine thickness and pore diameter between species and even within the same species, thus affirming theexistence of great interspecific and intraspecific genetic variability in the Citrus genus.

In this study, qualitative morphological characters, traditional and derived morphometric descriptors, palynological traits, and multivariate analyses were integrated to evaluate morphological variation among five wild and cultivated Opuntia taxa from the coastal region of La Libertad, Peru, including a morphotype of Opuntia ficus-indica. Vegetative characters revealed differences in cladode architecture, spine development, and growth habit, whereas derived morphometric descriptors improved the characterization of shape and the relative arrangement of morphological structures. Floral, fruit, seed, and pollen characters showed consistent differences among the evaluated taxa that were further supported by principal component analyses, suggesting patterns of morphological variation. The morphotype of O. ficus-indica showed consistent morphological differentiation from cultivated O. ficus-indica within the sampled material, particularly in reproductive traits, cladode architecture, and spine development. Overall, the integration of macro and micromorphological evidence with derived morphometric descriptors provided a comprehensive characterization of phenotypic variation and represents a useful approach for documenting morphological differentiation within Opuntia. Further integrative studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic significance of this morphological differentiation.

El propósito principal de la presente investigación fue examinar de qué manera la aplicación de prácticas de logística verde afecta la rentabilidad de las empresas de servicios de salud en Trujillo - Perú. El enfoque de la investigación fue mixto, combinando métodos deductivos y cuantitativos, y siguiendo un diseño descriptivo de tipo no experimental. Se utilizó 3 instrumentos los cuales fueron validados por juicio de expertos a través del coeficiente de validez de contenido: CVC; Hernández-Nieto, 2002. Las herramientas empleadas consistieron en entrevistas, encuestas y listas de verificación. La muestra estuvo constituida por dos empresas, con prioridad dada a aquellas que contaban con certificaciones de calidad, medio ambiente o seguridad y salud en el trabajo, además de tener más de cinco años de antigüedad desde su fundación. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que las empresas evaluadas cumplían en un 100% y 75% con los requisitos legales y otras normativas ambientales aplicables, 100% y 34% de cumplimiento de requisitos según la Norma ISO 14001:2015, 76% y 52% de criterios de logística verde incorporados en la estrategia empresarial de las empresas A y B respectivamente. Finalmente se obtuvo un ahorro debido a criterios de logística verde implementados en la empresa A de S/ 26,571.63 en el 2020 y S/ 23,179.71 durante el 2021. Por lo expuesto se concluye que la adopción de prácticas de logística verde contribuye en el incremento de la rentabilidad en las empresas de servicios de salud, especialmente cuando se cumplen rigurosamente con los estándares legales y se implementan requisitos de la Norma ISO 14001:2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rebiol.2023.43.01.05