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Prof. Dr. Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
University of Huelva, Spain

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0 Epidemiology
0 Occupational Health
0 Public Health
0 COVID 19
0 Occupational Diseases

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Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Healthcare
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This pandemic has been classified as a “psychological pandemic” that produces anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and sleep disorders. As the mental health effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, continue to unfold, there are still large knowledge gaps about the variables that predispose individuals to, or protect individuals against the disease. However, there are few publications on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of citizens in Latin American countries. In this study, the effects that COVID-19 had on citizens of Peru have been described. For this, 1699 questionnaires, collected between 2 April and 2 September 2020, were analyzed. Descriptive, bivariate analysis was performed with odds ratio (OR) calculations and a data mining methodology. Sociodemographic variables (from the General Health Questionnaire), health conditions and perception, symptoms, and variables related to contact and preventive measures regarding COVID-19 were analyzed. As compared to other countries, less affectation of mental health and increased use of preventive measures were observed. It has been suggested that the country’s precarious health system and poverty rates prior to the pandemic may justify higher mortality figures in Peru than in other Latin American countries, despite prompt action for its containment and compliance with the protective measures. Psychological distress had a greater incidence in women, young people, people without a partner, and people without university studies. The most significant conditioning variables were self-perceived health status, headache or muscle pain over the past 14 days, level of studies, and age. The extensive use of preventive measures against COVID-19 is in line with the strict legislative measures taken, and this is, in turn, in line with other countries when looking at the lower effect on mental health, but contrary when focusing on the high lethality identified. The need to include the economy or availability and quality of healthcare in future studies arises, as well as the suitability to analyze the cause for differences between countries.

ACS Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Juan Palomino-Baldeón; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; María Villavicencio-Guardia; Adriano Dias; João Bernardes; Juan Gómez-Salgado. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health in Peru: Psychological Distress. Healthcare 2021, 9, 691 .

AMA Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Juan Palomino-Baldeón, Mónica Ortega-Moreno, María Villavicencio-Guardia, Adriano Dias, João Bernardes, Juan Gómez-Salgado. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health in Peru: Psychological Distress. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (6):691.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Juan Palomino-Baldeón; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; María Villavicencio-Guardia; Adriano Dias; João Bernardes; Juan Gómez-Salgado. 2021. "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health in Peru: Psychological Distress." Healthcare 9, no. 6: 691.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2021 in Healthcare
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Shift work that involves circadian disruption has been highlighted as a likely carcinogenic factor for breast cancer in humans. Also, unhealthy lifestyle habits observed in night work nurses could be causally related to an increase in the incidence of estrogen-positive breast tumours in this population. Assessing baseline risk of breast cancer in nurses is essential. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk of breast cancer that nurses had in relation to their lifestyle and labour factors related to shift work. A cross-sectional descriptive study through a questionnaire about sociodemographic variables, self-perception of health, and working life was designed. The sample consisted of 966 nurses. The relationship between variables was tested. A binary logistic regression and a classification and regression tree were performed. The most significant labour variables in relation to the risk of breast cancer were the number of years worked (more than 16 years; p< 0.01; OR = 8.733, 95% CI = 2.811, 27.134) and the total years performing more than 3 nights per month (10 or more years; p< 0.05; OR = 2.294, 95% CI = 1.008, 5.220). Also, the nights worked throughout life (over 500; OR = 4.190, 95% CI = 2.118, 8.287) were significant in the analysis. Nurses who had or ever had breast cancer valued their self-perceived health more negatively (p< 0.001) and referred a lower quality of sleep (p< 0.001) than the non-cases nurses. The occupational factors derived from night work could have several impacts on nurses’ health and their family-work balance. Promoting healthy lifestyles, informing about shift work risks, and adjusting shift work schedules are critical methods to decrease the possible effects of circadian disruption in nurses.

ACS Style

Javier Fagundo-Rivera; Regina Allande-Cussó; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Juan García-Iglesias; Adolfo Romero; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Juan Gómez-Salgado. Implications of Lifestyle and Occupational Factors on the Risk of Breast Cancer in Shiftwork Nurses. Healthcare 2021, 9, 649 .

AMA Style

Javier Fagundo-Rivera, Regina Allande-Cussó, Mónica Ortega-Moreno, Juan García-Iglesias, Adolfo Romero, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Juan Gómez-Salgado. Implications of Lifestyle and Occupational Factors on the Risk of Breast Cancer in Shiftwork Nurses. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (6):649.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Fagundo-Rivera; Regina Allande-Cussó; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Juan García-Iglesias; Adolfo Romero; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Juan Gómez-Salgado. 2021. "Implications of Lifestyle and Occupational Factors on the Risk of Breast Cancer in Shiftwork Nurses." Healthcare 9, no. 6: 649.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2021 in Biomolecules
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Diversion colitis is a non-specific inflammation of a defunctionalised segment of the colon after a temporary stoma has been performed. This inflammation is associated with an alteration of certain inflammatory serum markers. The aims of this study were, firstly, to evaluate the modification of inflammatory biomarkers after stimulation with probiotics prior to closure of the protective ileostomy. Secondly, to identify if a relationship could be established between the severity of diversion colitis and the alteration of inflammatory biomarkers in the blood. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study was conducted. Patients who underwent surgery for colorectal carcinoma with protective ileostomy between January 2017 and December 2018 were included, pending reconstructive surgery and with diversion colitis as diagnosis. The sample was randomly divided into a group stimulated with probiotics (SG) (n = 34) and a control group (CG) (n = 35). Histological and endoscopic changes were evaluated after stimulation, after restorative surgery and during the short-term follow-up after surgery, including the correlation with pro-inflammatory biomarkers in blood. As main findings, a significant decrease in C-reactive protein (CRP), Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR ratio), and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (LMR ratio) was observed in the SG versus the CG with a p < 0.001. A significant increase in transferrin values and in the platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was observed in the SG versus CG after stimulation with probiotics with a p < 0.001. A normalisation of CRP and transferrin levels was observed in the third month of follow-up after closure ileostomy, and NLR, LMR and PLR ratios were equal in both groups. Decreased modified Glasgow prognostic score was found in SG compared to CG after probiotic stimulation (p < 0.001). The endoscopic and histological severity of diversion colitis is associated with a greater alteration of blood inflammatory biomarkers. The stimulation with probiotics prior to reconstructive surgery promotes an early normalization of these parameters.

ACS Style

Ángela Rodríguez-Padilla; Germán Morales-Martín; Rocío Pérez-Quintero; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Serological Biomarkers and Diversion Colitis: Changes after Stimulation with Probiotics. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 684 .

AMA Style

Ángela Rodríguez-Padilla, Germán Morales-Martín, Rocío Pérez-Quintero, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Serological Biomarkers and Diversion Colitis: Changes after Stimulation with Probiotics. Biomolecules. 2021; 11 (5):684.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ángela Rodríguez-Padilla; Germán Morales-Martín; Rocío Pérez-Quintero; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. 2021. "Serological Biomarkers and Diversion Colitis: Changes after Stimulation with Probiotics." Biomolecules 11, no. 5: 684.

Original article
Published: 12 April 2021 in Journal of Nursing Management
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Aims to analyse the relationship between work engagement, sense of coherence, and psychological distress levels in Spanish health professionals who were active during the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown. Background Work Engagement and Sense of Coherence can help professionals to cope with work‐related psychological distress due to the harsh conditions of the COVID‐19 working environment. Methods cross‐sectional observational study of 1459 healthcare professionals. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire were distributed and analyzed with descriptive and multiple linear regression methods. Results High levels of work engagement, especially in the dedication dimension, of sense of coherence, in particular in the meaningfulness dimension, and psychological distress were obtained. Significant correlations (p<0.001) were identified between all the variables. Conclusions Work engagement and sense of coherence correlated positively with each other, and both negatively with psychological distress. So, healthcare professionals, despite presenting psychological distress, perceive their work satisfactorily and positively despite the severity of the situation and the harsh conditions. Implications for Nursing Management Sense of coherence and work engagement are protective factors against psychological distress. Preventive measures for professionals should go through the dimensionalization of the problem and the adaptation of practical measures for daily management.

ACS Style

Sara Domínguez‐Salas; Juan Gómez‐Salgado; Carlos Guillén‐Gestoso; Macarena Romero‐Martín; Mónica Ortega‐Moreno; Carlos Ruiz‐Frutos. Health care workers’ protection and psychological safety during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain. Journal of Nursing Management 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Sara Domínguez‐Salas, Juan Gómez‐Salgado, Carlos Guillén‐Gestoso, Macarena Romero‐Martín, Mónica Ortega‐Moreno, Carlos Ruiz‐Frutos. Health care workers’ protection and psychological safety during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain. Journal of Nursing Management. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Domínguez‐Salas; Juan Gómez‐Salgado; Carlos Guillén‐Gestoso; Macarena Romero‐Martín; Mónica Ortega‐Moreno; Carlos Ruiz‐Frutos. 2021. "Health care workers’ protection and psychological safety during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain." Journal of Nursing Management , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2021 in Biology
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The use of a loop ileostomy as the defunctioning procedure of choice to protect a distal colonic anastomosis causes histological and endoscopic changes in the intestinal mucosal architecture, which have been related to chronic inflammation and changes in the microflora that consequently impact the intestinal structure and function following fecal stream diversion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological and endoscopic changes on the colonic mucosa in patients with diversion colitis after stimulation of the efferent loop with probiotics prior to closure of the protective ileostomy. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study was designed. All patients who underwent surgery for colorectal carcinoma with protective ileostomy between January 2017 and December 2018 were included. These patients were pending reconstructive surgery and were diagnosed with endoscopic and histological diversion colitis. Divided into two groups, a group stimulated with probiotics (SG) and a control group (CG). 34 cases and 35 controls were included in the study. Histological and endoscopic changes were evaluated after stimulation, after restorative surgery and during the short-term follow-up after surgery. A decrease in endoscopic pathological findings (mucosal friability, mucous erosions, polyps, edema, erythema and stenosis) and in histological findings (follicular hyperplasia, eosinophils, cryptic abscesses, lymphocyte infiltration, plasma cell infiltration and architecture distortion) was observed in SG. These results were statistically significant with a p < 0.001. The stimulation of the efferent loop of the ileostomy in patients with diversion colitis produced a decrease of the endoscopic and histological severity of colitis in the short term.

ACS Style

Ángela Rodríguez-Padilla; Germán Morales-Martín; Rocío Pérez-Quintero; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Ricardo Rada-Morgades; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Diversion Colitis: Macro and Microscopic Findings after Probiotics Stimulation. Biology 2021, 10, 303 .

AMA Style

Ángela Rodríguez-Padilla, Germán Morales-Martín, Rocío Pérez-Quintero, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Ricardo Rada-Morgades, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Diversion Colitis: Macro and Microscopic Findings after Probiotics Stimulation. Biology. 2021; 10 (4):303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ángela Rodríguez-Padilla; Germán Morales-Martín; Rocío Pérez-Quintero; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Ricardo Rada-Morgades; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. 2021. "Diversion Colitis: Macro and Microscopic Findings after Probiotics Stimulation." Biology 10, no. 4: 303.

Research article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Science Progress
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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals, among them, on medical and nursing occupational specialists. This study describes the psychological distress that this group has suffered, analyzing the effect that the sense of coherence related with the history of contact with infected people has generated in their mental health. Cross-sectional descriptive study using online questionnaires. Data were collected on a sample of 499 subjects, representing 42.0% and 38.8% of the associations of specialists in Occupational Medicine and Nursing, respectively. A univariate data analysis, independence test, and the CHAID multivariate method were carried out. The percentage of workers with high psychological distress was higher among women than among men; this was also higher in public sector workers than in the private sector. No differences have been observed regarding psychological distress and educational level, coexistence, having children, working away from home, having a pet, or between being a physician or nurse. The most efficient measure to prevent psychological distress was acting regarding the comprehensibility dimension of the sense of coherence. Sex, contact with any infected person, age, living as a couple, working in public or private centers, the availability of diagnostic tests, and the correlation with the manageability dimension were modulating factors. Sense of coherence is an effective measure to prevent psychological distress due to contact with people affected by COVID-19 in Occupational Health professionals.

ACS Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Guillermo Soriano; Javier Fagundo-Rivera; Regina Allande-Cussó; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. History of contact with the SARS-COV-2 virus and the sense of coherence in the development of psychological distress in the occupational health professionals in Spain. Science Progress 2021, 104, 1 .

AMA Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado, Mónica Ortega-Moreno, Guillermo Soriano, Javier Fagundo-Rivera, Regina Allande-Cussó, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. History of contact with the SARS-COV-2 virus and the sense of coherence in the development of psychological distress in the occupational health professionals in Spain. Science Progress. 2021; 104 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Guillermo Soriano; Javier Fagundo-Rivera; Regina Allande-Cussó; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. 2021. "History of contact with the SARS-COV-2 virus and the sense of coherence in the development of psychological distress in the occupational health professionals in Spain." Science Progress 104, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2021 in Cancers
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Night work has been highlighted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a likely carcinogenic factor for humans, associated with breast cancer and professions that require continuity of work. Knowing the impact that short and long-term night work has on the nurses’ collective seems a priority, therefore, this study aims to analyse the relationship between night work and the development of breast cancer risk factors in nurses. For this, a cross-sectional study through an online questionnaire on breast cancer risk variables and working life was designed. The study was conducted in Spain and the sample consisted of 966 nurses, of whom 502 were healthy participants and 56 were breast cancer patients. These two groups were compared in the analyses. A descriptive analysis was performed, and the relationship was tested using χ2 independence test and OR calculation. The CHAID (Chi Square Automatic Interaction Detection) data mining method allowed for the creation of a segmentation tree for the main risk variables. The most significant risk variables related to working life have been the number of years worked, nights worked throughout life, and years working more than 3 nights per month. Exceeding 16 years of work has been significant for women and men. When the time worked is less than 16 years, the number of cases increases if there is a family history of cancer and if there have been more than 500 nights of work. High-intensity night work seems more harmful at an early age. The accumulation of years and nights worked increase the risk of breast cancer when factors such as sleep disturbance, physical stress, or family responsibilities come together.

ACS Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado; Javier Fagundo-Rivera; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Regina Allande-Cussó; Diego Ayuso-Murillo; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Night Work and Breast Cancer Risk in Nurses: Multifactorial Risk Analysis. Cancers 2021, 13, 1470 .

AMA Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado, Javier Fagundo-Rivera, Mónica Ortega-Moreno, Regina Allande-Cussó, Diego Ayuso-Murillo, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Night Work and Breast Cancer Risk in Nurses: Multifactorial Risk Analysis. Cancers. 2021; 13 (6):1470.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado; Javier Fagundo-Rivera; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Regina Allande-Cussó; Diego Ayuso-Murillo; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. 2021. "Night Work and Breast Cancer Risk in Nurses: Multifactorial Risk Analysis." Cancers 13, no. 6: 1470.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2021 in Healthcare
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The maternal mortality or "maternal near miss" ratio in Brazil reflects the socioeconomic indicators as well as the healthcare quality in some areas of this country, pointing out fragile points in the health services. The aim of this study was to estimate the association of diverse variables related to pregnancy and the occurrence of Near Miss in a population of women who were cared in public maternity wards in Brazil. A case-control study was performed. The association between variables and outcomes was verified through a chi-square test. A multiple analysis was carried out, producing odds ratio (OR) estimates with values of p≤0.25 in the univariate model. The results point to the following risk factors for Severe Maternal Morbidity: non-white (<0.001, OR 2.973), family income of up to two minimum wage salaries (<0.001; OR 2.159), not having a partner (<0.001, OR 2.694), obesity (<0.001, OR 20.852), not having received pre-natal care (<0.001, OR 2.843), going to less than six prenatal appointments (<0.001, OR 3.498), undergoing an inter-hospital transfer (<0.001, OR 24.655), and the absence of labor during admission (<0.001, OR 25.205). Although the results vary, the incidence of women with potential life-threatening complications is high in Brazil, which reinforces the need to universalize more complex interventions as well as coverage of primary care. The presence of precarious socio-economic indicators and unqualified obstetric care were risk factors for Severe Maternal Morbidity.

ACS Style

Daniela Magalhães; João Bernardes; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Iracema Calderon; Adriano Dias. Predictive Factors for Severe Maternal Morbidity in Brazil: A Case-Control Study. Healthcare 2021, 9, 335 .

AMA Style

Daniela Magalhães, João Bernardes, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Iracema Calderon, Adriano Dias. Predictive Factors for Severe Maternal Morbidity in Brazil: A Case-Control Study. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (3):335.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela Magalhães; João Bernardes; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Iracema Calderon; Adriano Dias. 2021. "Predictive Factors for Severe Maternal Morbidity in Brazil: A Case-Control Study." Healthcare 9, no. 3: 335.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2021 in Brain Sciences
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The aim of this study was to develop a specific scale to measure anxiety and fear levels in the general Spanish population. For this, a transcultural adaptation to Spanish of the fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) scale, in its original version of 10 items, was carried out. Then, the Anxiety and Fear of COVID-19 Assessment Scale (AMICO, for its acronym in Spanish) was designed by translating the tool and Delphi technique into three rounds. Ten experts participated voluntarily, and inter-observer match rates and the reliability study of the designed scale were calculated. A pilot study was carried out with the final version of the scale for the validity and reliability study. The instrument did not raise problems in semantic and cultural terms during the first and second rounds of the translation process, with an overall weighted Kappa value of 0.9. In the third round, eight new items were designed and consensual, obtaining a weighted overall value of 0.89. The pilot study sample was made up of 445 subjects, of which 60.3% were women with a mean age of 46.2 years. The final version consisted of 16 items, 2 factors, and a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.92. The AMICO scale was developed to assess the level of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 and proved to be valid and reliable for its use in the adult Spanish population.

ACS Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado; Regina Allande-Cussó; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Juan García-Iglesias; Valle Coronado-Vázquez; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Design of Fear and Anxiety of COVID-19 Assessment Tool in Spanish Adult Population. Brain Sciences 2021, 11, 328 .

AMA Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado, Regina Allande-Cussó, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Juan García-Iglesias, Valle Coronado-Vázquez, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Design of Fear and Anxiety of COVID-19 Assessment Tool in Spanish Adult Population. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Gómez-Salgado; Regina Allande-Cussó; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Juan García-Iglesias; Valle Coronado-Vázquez; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. 2021. "Design of Fear and Anxiety of COVID-19 Assessment Tool in Spanish Adult Population." Brain Sciences 11, no. 3: 328.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Healthcare
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In some areas of Spain, health services and professionals working in the front line against the Sars-Cov-2 virus have been widely overwhelmed at all levels. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the level of work engagement of Spanish nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 510 active nurses from all over Spain, without age exclusion, who voluntarily accepted to participate in the study. Work engagement was assessed with the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) questionnaire, through an online questionnaire and non-probabilistic snowball sampling. The results showed a mean age of 45.9 years (SD = 10.7 years), most of them women (78.1%), and 58.5% were in primary care. The mean score for the UWES-9 questionnaire was 4.6 points (SD = 1.35). The categorical regression analysis performed revealed an R2 value of 0.75 and a significance of p < 0.01 in the sex, type of unit, and training variables. The Spanish nurses in the sample present high levels of work engagement in all dimensions in general, although the lowest mean scores are found in the vigor dimension, among men, and nurses working in hospital and critical units.

ACS Style

Regina Allande-Cussó; Juan García-Iglesias; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Carmen Rodríguez-Domínguez; Juan Gómez-Salgado. Work Engagement in Nurses during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare 2021, 9, 253 .

AMA Style

Regina Allande-Cussó, Juan García-Iglesias, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Carmen Rodríguez-Domínguez, Juan Gómez-Salgado. Work Engagement in Nurses during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (3):253.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Regina Allande-Cussó; Juan García-Iglesias; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Carmen Rodríguez-Domínguez; Juan Gómez-Salgado. 2021. "Work Engagement in Nurses during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study." Healthcare 9, no. 3: 253.

Original research
Published: 26 February 2021 in Pain Management Nursing
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Background Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent in children and adolescents, while psychosocial, anthropometric, developmental, and lifestyle factors have been associated. However, the evidence is inconsistent from a biological point of view, so identifying predictors of LBP in the 6–12 years children through physical examination should be appropriate. Aims To estimate the prevalence of LBP and associated factors in schoolchildren in a Brazilian population. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Three schools in Botucatu, Brazil. Participants/Subjects 377 students from 6-12 years. Methods Data collection consisted of questions regarding personal history, socioeconomic and anthropometric information, kinesiologic evaluation with anthropometry, lumbar biophotogrammetry, and backpack weight and use. Descriptive analyses were performed, and simple and multiple logistic regression models were used for risk factors. Results The prevalence of LBP was 27.32% (confidence interval [CI] 95% = 23.07-32.03). The mean age was 8.85 years (± 1.83) in the group with LBP and 8 years (± 1.76) in the group without LBP (p = .006). Variables such as backpack weight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, CI 95% = 1.018-2.064) and exceeding 3 hours per day in front of the television (OR = 7.97, CI 95% = 1.957-32.515) increased the chance of LBP in these students. Conclusion LBP is prevalent in younger schoolchildren, and the factors associated with this outcome can be effectively addressed through the promotion of health measures. LBP in schoolchildren is a musculoskeletal discomfort that negatively affects the quality of life of these individuals and persists in adulthood.

ACS Style

Elisiane De Souza Santos; João Marcos Bernardes; Matias Noll; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Adriano Dias. Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Associated Risks in School-Age Children. Pain Management Nursing 2021, 22, 459 -464.

AMA Style

Elisiane De Souza Santos, João Marcos Bernardes, Matias Noll, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Adriano Dias. Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Associated Risks in School-Age Children. Pain Management Nursing. 2021; 22 (4):459-464.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisiane De Souza Santos; João Marcos Bernardes; Matias Noll; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Adriano Dias. 2021. "Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Associated Risks in School-Age Children." Pain Management Nursing 22, no. 4: 459-464.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2021 in Nutrients
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Loop ileostomy closure after colorectal surgery is often associated with Postoperative ileus, with an incidence between 13–20%. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative stimulation of the efferent loop with probiotics prior to ileostomy closure in patients operated on for colorectal carcinoma. For this, a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study is designed. All patients who underwent surgery for colorectal carcinoma with loop ileostomy were included. Randomized and divided into two groups, 34 cases and 35 controls were included in the study. Postoperative ileus, the need for nasogastric tube insertion, the time required to begin tolerating a diet, restoration of bowel function, and duration of hospital stay were evaluated. The incidence of Postoperative ileus was similar in both groups, 9/34 patients stimulated with probiotics and 10/35 in the control group (CG) with a p = 0.192. The comparative analysis showed a direct relationship between Postoperative ileus after oncological surgery and Postoperative ileus after reconstruction surgery, independently of stimulation. Postoperative ileus after closure ileostomy is independent of stimulation of the ileostomy with probiotics through the efferent loop. There seem to be a relationship between Postoperative ileus after reconstruction and the previous existence of Postoperative ileus after colorectal cancer surgery.

ACS Style

Ángela Rodríguez-Padilla; Germán Morales-Martín; Rocío Pérez-Quintero; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Rafael Balongo-García; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Postoperative Ileus after Stimulation with Probiotics before Ileostomy Closure. Nutrients 2021, 13, 626 .

AMA Style

Ángela Rodríguez-Padilla, Germán Morales-Martín, Rocío Pérez-Quintero, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Rafael Balongo-García, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Postoperative Ileus after Stimulation with Probiotics before Ileostomy Closure. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (2):626.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ángela Rodríguez-Padilla; Germán Morales-Martín; Rocío Pérez-Quintero; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Rafael Balongo-García; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. 2021. "Postoperative Ileus after Stimulation with Probiotics before Ileostomy Closure." Nutrients 13, no. 2: 626.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2021 in Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales
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El impacto de la COVID-19 en la sociedad no es un tema baladí. Desde el inicio de la pandemia, el Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center había reportado hasta el 23 de noviembre de 2020 un total de 58.696.029 personas contagiadas y 1.556.730 muertes de personas diagnosticadas con el SARS-CoV-2 (en inglés, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; en español, coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave). Siendo España el sexto país en número de contagios (1.556.730) y el noveno en muertes (42.619)…

ACS Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Juan Gómez-Salgado. Efectos de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la salud mental de la población trabajadora. Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales 2021, 24, 6 -11.

AMA Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Juan Gómez-Salgado. Efectos de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la salud mental de la población trabajadora. Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales. 2021; 24 (1):6-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Juan Gómez-Salgado. 2021. "Efectos de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la salud mental de la población trabajadora." Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales 24, no. 1: 6-11.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2021
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ACS Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Juan Gómez-Salgado. [Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Workers'Mental Health]. 2021, 24, 6 -11.

AMA Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Juan Gómez-Salgado. [Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Workers'Mental Health]. . 2021; 24 (1):6-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Juan Gómez-Salgado. 2021. "[Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Workers'Mental Health]." 24, no. 1: 6-11.

Original article
Published: 05 January 2021 in Journal of Nursing Management
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Aims To describe the level of work engagement of active health care professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and its relationship with psychological distress according to the professional category. Background Health care professionals working on the front line of the COVID‐19 pandemic are at risk of psychological distress, and work engagement could be a positive attitude that could serve as a protective factor. Methods Cross‐sectional observational study of 1,459 health care professionals. Psychological distress was measured with the General Health Questionnaire and work engagement with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Data were analysed with bivariate analyses and correlations. Results Psychological distress was reported by 80.6% of health care professionals. Work engagement as high with a total mean score of 5.04 (SD = 1.14). The results showed that distressed professionals showed significantly lower levels of work engagement. Conclusions The present study identified psychological distress and work engagement experienced by health care professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Most of the variables included in the study revealed a significant relationship with psychological distress and work engagement. Implications for Nursing Management The relationship between the working conditions with psychological distress and work engagement suggests that improvements in the workplace are needed to promote protective measure for the mental health of health care professionals.

ACS Style

Juan Gómez‐Salgado; Sara Domínguez‐Salas; Macarena Romero‐Martín; Adolfo Romero; Valle Coronado‐Vázquez; Carlos Ruiz‐Frutos. Work engagement and psychological distress of health professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Nursing Management 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Juan Gómez‐Salgado, Sara Domínguez‐Salas, Macarena Romero‐Martín, Adolfo Romero, Valle Coronado‐Vázquez, Carlos Ruiz‐Frutos. Work engagement and psychological distress of health professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Nursing Management. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Gómez‐Salgado; Sara Domínguez‐Salas; Macarena Romero‐Martín; Adolfo Romero; Valle Coronado‐Vázquez; Carlos Ruiz‐Frutos. 2021. "Work engagement and psychological distress of health professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic." Journal of Nursing Management , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2020 in Children
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Emotional intelligence skills in students may be related with physical and mental health, within and outside the academic field. Strengthening these skills can lead to greater overall well-being, lower use of substances, and improved academic performance, as well as reduced aggressive behaviours. The objective of this study was to analyse the levels of emotional intelligence (differentiating between the dimensions: emotional Attention, Clarity, and Repair) among high school students and examine its relationship with academic performance and emotional well-being, considering if there are differences between boys and girls and between different grades. A cross-sectional descriptive study was developed on a sample of 333 High School students using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) and KIDSCREEN-10 Index tools. Differences in emotional intelligence were observed between boys and girls for the three dimensions, and a relationship between emotional intelligence and student well-being was appreciated. No relationships were found between emotional intelligence and academic performance, nor have any differences been observed between the different courses analysed. It cannot be concluded that academic performance is related to emotional intelligence, but a relationship between well-being and emotional intelligence is found.

ACS Style

María Dolores Toscano-Hermoso; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Javier Fagundo-Rivera; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Juan Jesús García-Iglesias; Macarena Romero-Martín. Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship with Emotional Well-Being and Academic Performance: The Vision of High School Students. Children 2020, 7, 310 .

AMA Style

María Dolores Toscano-Hermoso, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Javier Fagundo-Rivera, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Juan Jesús García-Iglesias, Macarena Romero-Martín. Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship with Emotional Well-Being and Academic Performance: The Vision of High School Students. Children. 2020; 7 (12):310.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Dolores Toscano-Hermoso; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Javier Fagundo-Rivera; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Juan Jesús García-Iglesias; Macarena Romero-Martín. 2020. "Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship with Emotional Well-Being and Academic Performance: The Vision of High School Students." Children 7, no. 12: 310.

Review
Published: 10 December 2020 in Medicina
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Background and objectives: The incidence of breast cancer worldwide has increased in recent decades, accounting for 1 in 3 neoplasms in women. Besides, nurses are mainly represented by the female collective, most of them, undertaking working conditions with intensive rotative and night shifts due to the 24-h pace of work of this profession. The objective of this study was to assess the possible relationship between shift work, especially night-time work, and the development of breast cancer among nurses. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out through the consultation of the following databases: Cochrane Plus Library, PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Dialnet. Records were selected between 2010 and 2020, in Spanish and English, which covered the association between breast cancer diagnosed among nursing professionals and rotating night shifts. Results: A total of 12 studies were identified after critical reading. Most of the studies found an association between breast cancer and consecutive rotating night shifts prolonged over time. Among the associated factors, the alteration of the circadian rhythm influenced the expression of peripheral clock genes, which was the same as reproductive hormones. The risk of breast cancer in nurses increased during early adulthood and after 5 or more years with 6 or more consecutive nights. Conclusions: The different studies of this review show significant associations between breast cancer and prolonged rotating night shifts. Similarly, there is a relationship between the alterations in certain circadian rhythm markers (such as melatonin), epigenetic markers (such as telomeres), and breast cancer that would require more studies in order to corroborate these findings.

ACS Style

Javier Fagundo-Rivera; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Juan García-Iglesias; Carlos Gómez-Salgado; Selena Camacho-Martín; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Relationship between Night Shifts and Risk of Breast Cancer among Nurses: A Systematic Review. Medicina 2020, 56, 680 .

AMA Style

Javier Fagundo-Rivera, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Juan García-Iglesias, Carlos Gómez-Salgado, Selena Camacho-Martín, Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. Relationship between Night Shifts and Risk of Breast Cancer among Nurses: A Systematic Review. Medicina. 2020; 56 (12):680.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Fagundo-Rivera; Juan Gómez-Salgado; Juan García-Iglesias; Carlos Gómez-Salgado; Selena Camacho-Martín; Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. 2020. "Relationship between Night Shifts and Risk of Breast Cancer among Nurses: A Systematic Review." Medicina 56, no. 12: 680.

Journal article
Published: 07 October 2020 in Safety Science
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The interrelationship between the sense of coherence, work environment, work engagement, and psychological distress have particular interest in non-health workers who carried out essential activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. To assess the effects of the COVID-19 on the physical and mental health of non-health workers. Observational descriptive cross-sectional study. 1089 questionnaires have been analysed. Engagement (UWES-9), sense of coherence (SOC-13), mental health (Goldberg GHQ-12), demographic data, perception of health and stress and work environment were assessed. At low levels of engagement, the percentage of distress is higher (77.9%). Low levels of sense of coherence correspond to the highest percentages of distress (86.3%). The 94.1% believe it necessary for professionals and volunteers involved in COVID-19 to receive psychological support. Low comprehensibility is mediated by the perception of stress; if the perception is low, comprehensibility is modulated by the level of significance; if it is low, it generates 95.9% of distress. The interrelationship between the sense of coherence, work environment, work engagement, and psychological distress have particular interest in non-health workers who carried out essential activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost all respondents believed that professionals and volunteers involved in COVID-19 should receive psychological support. This may be an indicator of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on workers’ mental health.

ACS Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Regina Allande-Cussó; Diego Ayuso-Murillo; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Juan Gómez-Salgado. Sense of coherence, engagement, and work environment as precursors of psychological distress among non-health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Safety Science 2020, 133, 105033 -105033.

AMA Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Mónica Ortega-Moreno, Regina Allande-Cussó, Diego Ayuso-Murillo, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Juan Gómez-Salgado. Sense of coherence, engagement, and work environment as precursors of psychological distress among non-health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Safety Science. 2020; 133 ():105033-105033.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Regina Allande-Cussó; Diego Ayuso-Murillo; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Juan Gómez-Salgado. 2020. "Sense of coherence, engagement, and work environment as precursors of psychological distress among non-health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain." Safety Science 133, no. : 105033-105033.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Methods by which the population should be informed when going through a pandemic such as COVID-19 have been questioned because of its influence on the adoption of preventive measures and its effects on mental health. Non-health workers are at risk of psychological distress from exposure to contaminated people or materials or by having to stay at home and adapt their activity to telework. The objective of the study is to analyze information the public receives about COVID-19 and its influence on their level of distress. For this, 1089 questionnaires from non-health workers were collected online between 26 March and 26 April 2020 in Spain, and analysed and distributed by snowball effect. 492 participants carried out essential activities away from home, and 597 did so from home. They were surveyed about information received about COVID-19 regarding its source, time, assessment, or the beliefs expressed in it. Mental health was also measured with Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The classification and regression tree (CART) method was used to design a binary tree with sample cases. It has been found that the time spent learning about COVID-19 and the level of knowledge about symptoms, pathways, prevention, treatment, or prognosis are associated with the level of distress, where 25% of participants were found to have spent more than 3 h daily on this activity. Social media and television are the most widely used sources, but they are considered to be of lower quality and usefulness than official sources. There is greater confidence in healthcare professionals than in the health system, and the main concern of those working away from home is spreading the virus to family members. It has been concluded that there is a need to enhance quality and truthful information on the Internet for non-health workers due to its accessibility, which should be constantly updated, a fact which international and national public bodies, research centers, and journal publishers have begun to understand during the current pandemic. Such quality information is needed to combat distress.

ACS Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Adriano Dias; João Marcos Bernardes; Juan Jesús García-Iglesias; Juan Gómez-Salgado. Information on COVID-19 and Psychological Distress in a Sample of Non-Health Workers during the Pandemic Period. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6982 .

AMA Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Mónica Ortega-Moreno, Adriano Dias, João Marcos Bernardes, Juan Jesús García-Iglesias, Juan Gómez-Salgado. Information on COVID-19 and Psychological Distress in a Sample of Non-Health Workers during the Pandemic Period. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):6982.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Adriano Dias; João Marcos Bernardes; Juan Jesús García-Iglesias; Juan Gómez-Salgado. 2020. "Information on COVID-19 and Psychological Distress in a Sample of Non-Health Workers during the Pandemic Period." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 6982.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2020 in Safety Science
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Non-health workers engaged in essential activities during the pandemic are less researched on the effects of COVID-19 than health workers. to study the differences between those who work away from home and those who do so from home, when the effects of fear of contagion cross with those of confinement, about the psychological distress during the COVID-19 in Spain. Observational descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was carried out receiving 1089 questionnaires from non-health workers that were working away from home and doing so from their homes. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and occupational data, physical symptoms, self-perceived health, use of preventive measures and possible contacts, and the Goldberg GHQ-12. 71.6% of non-health female workers and 52.4% of non-health male workers had psychological distress, with differences among those working away from home and those working from home. The level of psychological distress among non-health workers is predicted by 66.5% through the variables: being a woman, 43 years old or younger, having a home with no outdoor spaces, poor perception of health, number of symptoms, and having been in contact with contaminated people or material. Among workers who work away from home, being self-employed is another predictive variable of distress. More than the half of the sample showed inadequate management of the psychological distress. There are modifiable factors which provide necessary elements to support a positive attitude of the workers, such as: knowledge of hygiene, transmission of the virus, protective measures, and social distancing measures.

ACS Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Regina Allande Cusso; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Adriano Dias; Juan Gómez-Salgado. Health-related factors of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among non-health workers in Spain. Safety Science 2020, 133, 104996 -104996.

AMA Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, Mónica Ortega-Moreno, Regina Allande Cusso, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Adriano Dias, Juan Gómez-Salgado. Health-related factors of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among non-health workers in Spain. Safety Science. 2020; 133 ():104996-104996.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Ruiz-Frutos; Mónica Ortega-Moreno; Regina Allande Cusso; Sara Domínguez-Salas; Adriano Dias; Juan Gómez-Salgado. 2020. "Health-related factors of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among non-health workers in Spain." Safety Science 133, no. : 104996-104996.