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This study aims to investigate students’ difficulties in using the bus to get to school based on Rasch analysis and examines students’ innate abilities in handling the barriers. A total of 536 high school students in Yogyakarta were randomly surveyed. This study considers forty barriers of bus use grouped into eight aspects: safety, bus stop reliability, accessibility, mobility, payment system, bus reliability, transfer efficiency, and information and communication technology. The results show that the students experienced 18 main barriers in using the bus. The limited time of travel, circuitous routes, and distance to the bus stops were the three most significant barriers for students in using the bus during the morning commute. Conversely, students reported no difficulty using the bus regarding safety and payment system aspects. This result additionally shows that gender, age, allowance, and drivers’ licenses also influence the extent of the barrier experienced by the students. Finally, some strategies to increase the students’ ability to overcome barriers in utilizing the bus are proposed to create a sustainable public transport system in Yogyakarta.
Fariha Riska Yumita; Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Siti Malkhamah; Muhammad Iqbal Habibi Kamal. School Commuting: Barriers, Abilities and Strategies toward Sustainable Public Transport Systems in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9372 .
AMA StyleFariha Riska Yumita, Muhammad Zudhy Irawan, Siti Malkhamah, Muhammad Iqbal Habibi Kamal. School Commuting: Barriers, Abilities and Strategies toward Sustainable Public Transport Systems in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9372.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFariha Riska Yumita; Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Siti Malkhamah; Muhammad Iqbal Habibi Kamal. 2021. "School Commuting: Barriers, Abilities and Strategies toward Sustainable Public Transport Systems in Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9372.
Despite the establishment of the Trans Jogja Bus (TJB) service in 2008 as a solution for the problems with conventional bus services in numerous Indonesian cities, public transport ridership in Yogyakarta has remained somewhat stagnant. On TJB, adolescents comprise the dominant demographic group. This study investigated the factors influencing the frequency of TJB use, including sociodemographic and household characteristics, the built environment, perception of TJB performance, pro-environmental attitudes, and health behaviors among adolescents aged 13 to 15 years old. A face-to-face interview survey was conducted to collect data on 774 adolescents. This study used both an ordered logit model in which the perception variables were set as the independent variables and an ordered hybrid choice model, which incorporated the latent variables on adolescents’ perception of TJB use. The model results reveal that age, the number of adults in a household, car ownership, and the distance to school correlate with the use of TJB. We found that positive perceptions of TJB such as safety, security, comfort, and low cost substantially influence the use of TJB compared with negative perceptions such as infrequent buses, scarce bus stops, and slow meandering bus routes. With this in mind, perceived benefits such as reduced congestion, improved health, and environmental advantages have no significant influence on the frequency of TJB use. The model results emphasize the need to improve route efficiency, enhance existing performance, and promote TJB as a healthy, green, and sustainable travel mode.
Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Faza Fawzan Bastarianto; Muhamad Rizki; Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan; Tri Basuki Joewono. Exploring the frequency of public transport use among adolescents: a study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 2021, 1 -11.
AMA StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan, Faza Fawzan Bastarianto, Muhamad Rizki, Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan, Tri Basuki Joewono. Exploring the frequency of public transport use among adolescents: a study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. 2021; ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan; Faza Fawzan Bastarianto; Muhamad Rizki; Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan; Tri Basuki Joewono. 2021. "Exploring the frequency of public transport use among adolescents: a study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia." International Journal of Sustainable Transportation , no. : 1-11.
Since the emergence of ride-hailing services has changed travel behaviors, a greater understanding of the ride-hailing mode enables us to explore choices and assists in the drafting of more effective policies. This paper aims to investigate the degree of perceived need for motorcycle-based ride-hailing services among university students because young and well-educated people dominate this service. By involving 632 respondents and considering 12 trip characteristics, the Rasch model was used as an instrument to measure the students’ perceived needs and inherent resistance to motorcycle-based ride-hailing services. The model results revealed that the students perceived the highest need for motorcycle-based ride-hailing services for their first- and last-mile trips when they needed to travel out of town by public transport. A need for this service was also perceived by the students for trips at peak periods, trips within tight schedules, trips to downtown areas, trips to campus, and food delivery. In contrast, the study found a weakly perceived need for motorcycle-based ride-hailing for shopping goods and documents delivery, trips for shopping, social, and momentary activities, and short-distance trips. The empirical findings also showed that the variable of gender, monthly income, motorcycle ownership, frequency of use, and time spent as motorcycle-based ride-hailing users contributed to differences of perceived need. The research findings can help the government in deciding effective policies for ride-hailing, especially those related to riding safety and increasing urban transit demand.
Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Faza Fawzan Bastarianto; Dewanti; Sugiarto Sugiarto; M. Rizka Fahmi Amrozi. Measuring the perceived need for motorcycle-based ride-hailing services on trip characteristics among university students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Travel Behaviour and Society 2021, 24, 303 -312.
AMA StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan, Faza Fawzan Bastarianto, Dewanti, Sugiarto Sugiarto, M. Rizka Fahmi Amrozi. Measuring the perceived need for motorcycle-based ride-hailing services on trip characteristics among university students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Travel Behaviour and Society. 2021; 24 ():303-312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan; Faza Fawzan Bastarianto; Dewanti; Sugiarto Sugiarto; M. Rizka Fahmi Amrozi. 2021. "Measuring the perceived need for motorcycle-based ride-hailing services on trip characteristics among university students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Travel Behaviour and Society 24, no. : 303-312.
This study examines the change in activities and associated travel during the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study is particularly interested in analyzing the role of attitudes, descriptive norms, protective behaviors toward COVID-19, travel frequency before the pandemic, and spatial and individual characteristics on activity-travel behavior changes in relation to information and communication technology (ICT) use. Data were obtained from 1062 respondents using a web-based questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the complex relationships among variables. This study found that descriptive norms positively affected the frequency of travel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teleworking and e-learning and attitudes toward COVID-19 directly affected activity-travel behavior changes. On the contrary, teleshopping did not contribute to reducing out-of-home activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Experience of ICT influenced a decline in travel frequency and ride-hailing use. Furthermore, although personal attributes insignificantly influenced activity-travel behavior change, these attributes directly affected ICT use. Meanwhile, people living outside of Java Island had a higher travel frequency during the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic than their counterparts. Based on our findings, this study recommends that the very initial step in an emergency caused by a disaster be to massively socialize or educate people about the risk of the pandemic and to continue with a policy to minimize travel by encouraging teleworking and e-learning. Empowering ICT to support activities from home will beneficially minimize the spread of the pandemic.
Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan; Tri Basuki Joewono; Faza Fawzan Bastarianto; Muhamad Rizki; Anugrah Ilahi. Exploring activity-travel behavior changes during the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Transportation 2021, 1 -25.
AMA StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan, Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan, Tri Basuki Joewono, Faza Fawzan Bastarianto, Muhamad Rizki, Anugrah Ilahi. Exploring activity-travel behavior changes during the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Transportation. 2021; ():1-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan; Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan; Tri Basuki Joewono; Faza Fawzan Bastarianto; Muhamad Rizki; Anugrah Ilahi. 2021. "Exploring activity-travel behavior changes during the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia." Transportation , no. : 1-25.
The present study will be the first to examine the participation intention of physical activities if new normal conditions are implemented in Indonesia. Socio-economic and household factors, spatial characteristics, perception of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and the virtual activities behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic were explored to understand the magnitude of respondents' intention to undertake out-of-home activities during new normal conditions. Based on a questionnaire survey, the study, with 834 respondents, was conducted in the middle to the end of May 2020. By applying the ordered logit model, the model results revealed that younger people tend to participate more in maintenance activities of shopping and outside eating and leisure activities of recreation and social. Meanwhile, the factor of gender, income, and education level had no significant impact on participation intention of mandatory, maintenance, and leisure activities. Excluding non-grocery shopping, there was also no significant difference in activity participation intention between people living in the Greater Jakarta as epicentrum of COVID-19 in Indonesia and people living outside the Greater Jakarta. Furthermore, people living in a household with a high number of motorcycle and car ownership had a greater propensity to pursue outside eating activity. The activity behaviour change from physical to virtual activity participation during new normal conditions could not be replaced by the experience of virtual activities, including e-working, e-learning, non-grocery e-shopping, food delivery, and movie streaming during the pandemic. Finally, some policies are proposed to control activity participation during the new normal period to minimise the virus spread in Indonesia.
Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Muhamad Rizki; Tri Basuki Joewono; Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan. Exploring the intention of out-of-home activities participation during new normal conditions in Indonesian cities. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 2020, 8, 100237 -100237.
AMA StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan, Muhamad Rizki, Tri Basuki Joewono, Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan. Exploring the intention of out-of-home activities participation during new normal conditions in Indonesian cities. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 2020; 8 ():100237-100237.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan; Muhamad Rizki; Tri Basuki Joewono; Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan. 2020. "Exploring the intention of out-of-home activities participation during new normal conditions in Indonesian cities." Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 8, no. : 100237-100237.
Studies from most developed countries provide evidence that e-shopping decreases the need for shopping trips. Considering the unique characteristics of infrastructure as well as cultural background, this study investigates the hypothesis that there is another impact of online shopping on shopping trip behavior, namely, on the travel behavior of shoppers. The investigation used data from Bandung, Indonesia, to represent developing countries. The study found that online shoppers keep making trips as a substitution for, as well as a complement to, their in-store shopping. Shoppers’ decisions are found to be significantly influenced by their e-shopping experience, both positively and negatively. This study also found that e-shopping spending is influenced by in-store shopping frequency and spending.
Tri Basuki Joewono; Muhamad Rizki; Prawira Fajarinda Belgiawan; Muhammad Zudhy Irawan. Why do shoppers keep making online shopping trips? Learning from evidence in Bandung, Indonesia. Asian Transport Studies 2020, 6, 100016 .
AMA StyleTri Basuki Joewono, Muhamad Rizki, Prawira Fajarinda Belgiawan, Muhammad Zudhy Irawan. Why do shoppers keep making online shopping trips? Learning from evidence in Bandung, Indonesia. Asian Transport Studies. 2020; 6 ():100016.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTri Basuki Joewono; Muhamad Rizki; Prawira Fajarinda Belgiawan; Muhammad Zudhy Irawan. 2020. "Why do shoppers keep making online shopping trips? Learning from evidence in Bandung, Indonesia." Asian Transport Studies 6, no. : 100016.
Conflicting actions of motorcyclists making right-turn movements (RTM) pose a considerable risk of accidents, which is of great concern when attempting to augment the level of safety at unsignalized intersections. This study was conducted to identify the habits of motorcyclists in RTMs, including normal RTM, weaving/merging RTM, and opposite indirect RTM when crossing unsignalized intersections. The behavioral factors were affected by gender, passenger status, motorcycle type, STOP factor, speed, travel time, and lane width of major and minor roads, which were tested using multinomial and nested logit models on 2358 motorcyclists. The results indicated that all of the observed variables significantly influenced motorcyclists' behaviors at unsignalized intersections, excepting the variable of travel time. The factors of speed and lane width on minor roads significantly correlated to motorcyclist behaviors during weaving and merging RTM only. The logit model reveals that female motorcyclists tend to make normal RTMs. The study also proposes ideal and practical recommendations, such as stop and speed regulations, channelization, number of lanes and lane widths, and maneuver markers, in order to address dangerous behaviors, in particular weaving and merging and opposite indirect-type RTMs.
Ratnasari Ramlan; Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Ahmad Munawar. Behavioral factors of motorcyclists in right-turn movements at unsignalized intersections: An insight from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. IATSS Research 2020, 45, 116 -122.
AMA StyleRatnasari Ramlan, Muhammad Zudhy Irawan, Ahmad Munawar. Behavioral factors of motorcyclists in right-turn movements at unsignalized intersections: An insight from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. IATSS Research. 2020; 45 (1):116-122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRatnasari Ramlan; Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Ahmad Munawar. 2020. "Behavioral factors of motorcyclists in right-turn movements at unsignalized intersections: An insight from Yogyakarta, Indonesia." IATSS Research 45, no. 1: 116-122.
This paper aims to explore the factors influencing a potential air passenger shift to autos due to the completion of the Trans Java Toll Road and an increase in airfares. The study focuses on intercity trips for nonbusiness purposes. A face-to-face interview survey of 751 air passengers was conducted in three main airports on Java Island, Indonesia. Both the theory of planned behavior and the discrete choice model were applied to understand the factors for influencing toll road use among air passengers. The empirical results reveal that psychological factors, consisting of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived moral obligations significantly influenced intentions to use the toll road. Meanwhile, perceived control of external resources was essential for airline passengers in their intention to use toll roads. Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, income, frequency of airplane use, travel time, and cost also significantly influenced the decision to drive. Female, older passengers, high-income passengers, and frequent flyers were more likely to continue flying. The finding confirms that the Trans Java Toll Road affected a decline in air demand on Java Island. However, traveling with family members, rather than airfare hikes, became a more substantial reason for air passengers to switch to driving the toll roads. This research found that air passengers were inelastic related to changes in travel time, while 6% were willing to switch due to airfare increases of 10%.
Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Nurvita I.M. Simanjuntak; Faza Fawzan Bastarianto; Reslyana Dwitasari; Herawati. Predicting the impact of Trans Java Toll Roads on demand for intercity air travel in Indonesia. Journal of Air Transport Management 2020, 87, 101848 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan, Nurvita I.M. Simanjuntak, Faza Fawzan Bastarianto, Reslyana Dwitasari, Herawati. Predicting the impact of Trans Java Toll Roads on demand for intercity air travel in Indonesia. Journal of Air Transport Management. 2020; 87 ():101848.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan; Nurvita I.M. Simanjuntak; Faza Fawzan Bastarianto; Reslyana Dwitasari; Herawati. 2020. "Predicting the impact of Trans Java Toll Roads on demand for intercity air travel in Indonesia." Journal of Air Transport Management 87, no. : 101848.
This research focuses on the impact of the existence of the volunteer (VO) in managing traffic at unsignalized intersections. VO is a person who manages traffic at unsignalized intersection without the legality of operations but in exchange for financial compensation from the road users. VO is a unique phenomenon that only occurs in Indonesia's cities. The location of this research was qualified at unsignalized intersections in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which had a high traffic volume and had VO managing the traffic. The selected data were those during peak traffic conditions, each of which was one day at the same time with and without VO. Traffic volume, speed, waiting time, and vehicle conflict were the data collected and analyzed in this research. The results indicated that although the existence of VO was needed psychologically to lessen the chaotic traffic situation at unsignalized intersection, it did not have a significant impact on reducing the waiting time for vehicles from the minor road to cross and merge to the major road. The difference in waiting time was only around an average of two seconds as a result of the existence of VO compared to non-VO. According to the findings, this research proposes to prohibit the untrained VO since the benefits derived in controlling the chaotic traffic is not proportional to the potential risk of getting hit or lawsuits from drivers who are disturbed by their existence.
Ratnasari Ramlan; Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Ahmad Munawar. The impact of the existence of the volunteer on handling the waiting time at unsignalized intersection in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. IATSS Research 2020, 44, 265 -271.
AMA StyleRatnasari Ramlan, Muhammad Zudhy Irawan, Ahmad Munawar. The impact of the existence of the volunteer on handling the waiting time at unsignalized intersection in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. IATSS Research. 2020; 44 (4):265-271.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRatnasari Ramlan; Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Ahmad Munawar. 2020. "The impact of the existence of the volunteer on handling the waiting time at unsignalized intersection in Yogyakarta, Indonesia." IATSS Research 44, no. 4: 265-271.
Nowadays, an airport is no only a place for passengers to come and go, but it plays a significant role in developing and driving the local economy. Realize or not, there will be urban areas that offer connectivity at the airport (aerotropolis), and each airport has different aerotropolis potential. This study aims to analyze changes occurring around Kualanamu International Airport during the pre-construction and post-construction of the airport in 2007 and 2013. Six of the seven criteria of the establishment of aerotropolis show positive results, including air traffic, connectivity, sustainable development, economic income, government support, and Demographics. Significant growth was seen in the added value of the industry, the size of the industrial area, and the increase in GDP per capita. The added value of the industry has an average growth of 99.72% per year from the previous only 1.4% per year, the total area of the industry increased to 780 hectares from the previous only 200 hectares, and the GRDP also more than doubled. The only criterion that has not shown a positive potential is the status of ownership and management by the private sector because until now there has been no partnership in managing Kualanamu International Airport. To realize the development of the concept of aerotropolis in this region, the role of government and stakeholders is needed, both for policies related to aerotopolis development, public-private partnership discourse, the form of partnership, the concession period, and its contribution to the area around the airport.
Tri Sefrus; Sigit Priyanto; Danang Parikesit; - Dewanti; M. Zudhy Irawan. Kualanamu International Airport: Current Development toward Aerotropolis. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 2020, 10, 866 -872.
AMA StyleTri Sefrus, Sigit Priyanto, Danang Parikesit, - Dewanti, M. Zudhy Irawan. Kualanamu International Airport: Current Development toward Aerotropolis. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology. 2020; 10 (2):866-872.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTri Sefrus; Sigit Priyanto; Danang Parikesit; - Dewanti; M. Zudhy Irawan. 2020. "Kualanamu International Airport: Current Development toward Aerotropolis." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10, no. 2: 866-872.
The emergence of motorcycle-based ride-hailing services provides more transportation options to users in developing countries like Indonesia. However, many people currently believe that the availability of these new options threatens the demand for public transportation. This study aims to understand the latent factors that influence passengers to prefer bus service over motorcycle-based ride-hailing. The study includes 19 variables and applies a hybrid choice model by employing 703 bus passenger responses in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Our analysis shows three latent variables that most significantly impact the selection of bus service over motorcycle-based ride-hailing: forced bus use, bus service quality, and favorable conditions for bus use. These three variables were influential enough to outweigh the potential time and cost savings of motorcycle ride-hailing. The results also indicate that the decision of which option to use is significantly influenced by users’ age and income. Lastly, results of our analysis show that future bus service demand will depend on how much buses can improve to meet users’ needs, if they are to win the competition over transportation options that can be booked online such as motorcycle ride-hailing.
Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan; Tri Basuki Joewono; Nurvita I. M. Simanjuntak. Do motorcycle-based ride-hailing apps threaten bus ridership? A hybrid choice modeling approach with latent variables. Public Transport 2019, 12, 207 -231.
AMA StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan, Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan, Tri Basuki Joewono, Nurvita I. M. Simanjuntak. Do motorcycle-based ride-hailing apps threaten bus ridership? A hybrid choice modeling approach with latent variables. Public Transport. 2019; 12 (1):207-231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan; Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan; Tri Basuki Joewono; Nurvita I. M. Simanjuntak. 2019. "Do motorcycle-based ride-hailing apps threaten bus ridership? A hybrid choice modeling approach with latent variables." Public Transport 12, no. 1: 207-231.
In the last decade, the emergence of ride-sourcing services has transformed personal trip behavior. In the context of Indonesia, ride-sourcing services have evolved into two modes of transport: motorcycle-based and car-based. The presence of such services has strongly impacted consumers’ choices of travel mode. However, the main question is whether the ride-sourcing service is a complement or a substitute for the existing public transport and conventional taxis. Using 438 motorcycle-based, ride-sourcing consumers, we applied a structural equation model to investigate the relationships between motorcycle-based ride-sourcing, motorcycle taxis, and public transport in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area. The result shows that motorcycle-based ride-sourcing works as a complementary mode for the TransJakarta bus and Jakarta commuter train, but as a competitor with the motorcycle taxis. Contrarily, motorcycle taxis supported the existence of motorcycle-based ride-sourcing. The study also found that individuals use motorcycle taxis as feeders to transit stops. Individuals commonly use motorcycle taxis and motorcycle-based ride-sourcing for short travel distances. The demographic features and technology use experience also drive individuals’ choice of the three transportation modes. Integrating public transport with motorcycle-based ride-source services, and legalizing motorcycle taxis and motorcycle-based ride sourcing as forms of public transport are two main proposed policies that seek to increase public transport demand, ensure service quality, safety, and fares, and reduce the potential conflict between all three.
Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan; Ari Tarigan; Fajar Wijanarko. To compete or not compete: exploring the relationships between motorcycle-based ride-sourcing, motorcycle taxis, and public transport in the Jakarta metropolitan area. Transportation 2019, 47, 2367 -2389.
AMA StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan, Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan, Ari Tarigan, Fajar Wijanarko. To compete or not compete: exploring the relationships between motorcycle-based ride-sourcing, motorcycle taxis, and public transport in the Jakarta metropolitan area. Transportation. 2019; 47 (5):2367-2389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Zudhy Irawan; Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan; Ari Tarigan; Fajar Wijanarko. 2019. "To compete or not compete: exploring the relationships between motorcycle-based ride-sourcing, motorcycle taxis, and public transport in the Jakarta metropolitan area." Transportation 47, no. 5: 2367-2389.
With the advent of activity-based modelling, transport planners’ focus has shifted from isolated trips to tours. Tours are series of interconnected trips that start and finish at home. There are different types of tours; we focus on two: hwh (start at home; go to work; and then go back home) and hw+wh (where + represents a non-work activity). Tour types introduce a new dimension to the traditional problem of travel mode choice, as the mode choice might be influenced by the type of tour. This study attempts to measure and compare the relationship between tour type and mode choice using three different modelling approaches: Multinomial Logit (MNL); Nested Logit (NL) and Cross-Nested Logit (CNL). We compare each approach using secondary data from a larger survey: 24-h daily activity patterns of 420 commuters between Bekasi and Jakarta; one of the busiest commuting routes in Indonesia. Among other results, we found that gender and income significantly influence commuter’s choice of mode and that reducing travel time and cost can increase the ridership of public transport. Furthermore, the NL and CNL models showed significant improvement over the simpler MNL when grouping the alternatives based on tour types. This points to a significant influence of the tour type on the mode choice. Policy recommendations to increase traveler’s wellbeing are also formulated.
Faza Fawzan Bastarianto; Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Charisma Choudhury; David Palma; Imam Muthohar. A Tour-Based Mode Choice Model for Commuters in Indonesia. Sustainability 2019, 11, 788 .
AMA StyleFaza Fawzan Bastarianto, Muhammad Zudhy Irawan, Charisma Choudhury, David Palma, Imam Muthohar. A Tour-Based Mode Choice Model for Commuters in Indonesia. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):788.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaza Fawzan Bastarianto; Muhammad Zudhy Irawan; Charisma Choudhury; David Palma; Imam Muthohar. 2019. "A Tour-Based Mode Choice Model for Commuters in Indonesia." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 788.