Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents a major challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to workforce shortages, limited primary-care capacity, and fragmented chronic-care delivery. Community-based diabetes care models have emerged as scalable approaches to strengthen self-management and extend service reach. With this background, we aimed to synthesize global evidence on community-based diabetes care models, classify major intervention typologies, examine their alignment with the diabetes care continuum, and assess their effectiveness and implementation characteristics. Methods A narrative review was conducted using a structured search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for studies published between January 2010 and March 2025. Eligible studies focused on community-based T2DM interventions delivered by community health workers (CHWs), peer educators, or digital-community hybrids. Interventions were categorized and mapped across the diabetes care continuum, and evaluated using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework, as well as complementary integration models. Results Eleven studies were included, in which peer-led models were common in high-income countries, while CHW-led and hybrid models were predominant in LMICs. Interventions demonstrated clinically significant improvements in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), BMI, and self-efficacy. Successful models embedded within existing public health systems or culturally rooted community platforms showed higher adoption and long-term maintenance. Digital interventions enhanced reach, but faced challenges with sustained engagement and infrastructure support. The RE-AIM analysis revealed strong effectiveness and reach; however, long-term maintenance and adoption varied based on the level of contextual integration and supervision structures. Conclusion Community-based T2DM care models offer scalable, sustainable strategies to improve disease control. Integration into national health platforms, supportive supervision, and digital augmentation enhance implementation success. Challenges persist in follow-up, cost-effectiveness, and equity design; scale-up should prioritize integration, financing, and CHW capacity.

Background/Objectives: Nutrition is essential in healthcare and rehabilitation, although the readiness of physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia to integrate nutritional assessment and counseling remains ambiguous. This study aimed to assess their knowledge of nutrition, lifestyle choices, and attitudes towards incorporating nutrition into practice. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 500 licensed physiotherapists practicing across Saudi Arabia and used a culturally adapted questionnaire derived from previously validated instruments. The survey assessed background characteristics, nutrition knowledge, nutritional lifestyle, and attitudes toward integrating nutrition into physical therapy. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Participants demonstrated moderate nutrition knowledge (59.68 ± 17.25) and favorable nutritional lifestyles (20.67 ± 3.79), with positive attitudes toward integrating nutritional assessment and counseling into their practice (13.63 ± 4.64). A significant positive correlation was observed between nutritional lifestyle scores and nutrition integration scores (r = 0.29, p < 0.01). Because lower nutritional lifestyle scores indicate healthier lifestyles and lower integration scores reflect greater integration, participants with healthier nutritional lifestyles tend to show greater nutrition integration. Nutrition knowledge scores were negatively correlated with integration scores (r = −0.37, p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis identified professional seniority, nutritional lifestyle, and nutrition knowledge as significant predictors of nutrition integration score, explaining 22.8% of the variance (F = 29.24, R² = 0.22, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Saudi physiotherapists showed positive attitudes toward integrating nutritional assessment and counseling into the practice, but their nutrition knowledge was moderate, with knowledge gaps. Nutrition integration correlated significantly with nutritional lifestyle scores, nutrition knowledge, and professional seniority. The findings indicate the need to improve nutrition-related competencies and interdisciplinary collaboration in rehabilitation practice.

Background/Objectives: Given the growing need for prenatal care, Nordic Walking (NW) is a promising intervention for maintaining maternal physical activity and quality of life (QoL). We aimed to investigate the influence of NW on gait kinematics, pelvic girdle pain, low back pain (LBP), and QoL during pregnancy. Methods: This is a single-blind randomized controlled trial. A total of 44 pregnant women aged 20 to 40 years with 13–28 weeks of gestation and mild to moderate musculoskeletal pain were included. Participants were randomly assigned to either the study (NW) group or the control group. The study group received the NW program for 12 weeks, three sessions per week, each lasting 45 min. The control group received standard prenatal care plus 30 min of moderate walking three days a week. The GAITRite system was used to measure gait kinematics, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and the SF-36 for QoL were administered at baseline, the fourth week, and the twelfth week. Results: NW significantly improved gait kinematics and reduced musculoskeletal pain (p < 0.001) with improvements in pain and gait speed exceeding the previous reported MCID thresholds. QoL improved across all SF-36 domains in the NW group (p < 0.001) compared with the control group, with large effect sizes observed for the primary outcomes. Conversely, the control group experienced declines in several QoL domains, including energy/fatigue and emotional well-being, despite moderate walking exercise and standard prenatal care over 12 weeks. Conclusions: NW may represent an effective prenatal exercise regimen associated with improved gait, reduced pain, and better overall QoL compared with moderate exercise, consistent with standard prenatal care.