Analytical methods for detecting organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) with high sensitivity as well as on-site screening are urgently required to guarantee food safety and protect ecosystems. Herein, we developed a Ce(III)-driven self-assembled strategy to fabricate nanocomposites (CeGONRs) by a facile method. We used multiple characterization techniques and revealed that CeGONRs form a 3D porous structure and possess high surface-to-volume ratios, mixed valence, and multiple catalytic sites. We have also demonstrated that high-performance CeGONRs have nanozyme catalytic ability and revealed their synergistic catalytic mechanism. As a proof of concept, we investigated the excellent catalytic property of the CeGONRs by catalyzing the oxidation of a 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate to produce a blue color. Furthermore, based on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme inhibition method, upon the addition of AChE and acetylthiocholine (ATCh), the blue becomes colorless; OPs inhibited the activity of AChE, and prevented the generation of thiocholine (TCh), accompanied by no color change. The CeGONR nanozyme-based sensing platform was used successfully for the colorimetric detection of OPs. OPs were detected at 3.43 ng mL⁻¹ (0.0034 ppb) and the linear range was from 0.012 to 3.50 μg mL⁻¹. The corresponding LOD for chlorpyrifos was measured to be lower than 2 ppb that is below the maximum residue limit (MRL) adopted by the national food safety standard of China. The color change was observable by the naked eye and successfully applied to paper-based disposable test strip screening for OPs; satisfactory results were also obtained using cabbage samples. The rational design of CeGONRs sheds light on the catalytic mechanism and provides a versatile approach for constructing artificial enzymes that can be potentially used for a rapid, on-site, paper-based visual screening of a large number of samples.

Herein, ZIF-67-derived Co and N-doped carbon (Co/NC) particle-modified multilayer MXene (MXene@Co/NC) was developed as remarkable electrode material for carbendazim (CBZ) detection. MXene as a substrate provides an excellent conductive framework and plentiful accessibility sites. Co/NC particles embedding in MXene can not only prevent the interlayer stacking of MXene but also contribute a great deal of metal catalytic active sites and finally improve the adsorption and catalytic properties of the composite. Accordingly, the MXene@Co/NC electrode displays excellent electrocatalytic activity toward CBZ oxidation. Experimental parameters such as pH value, accumulation time, MXene@Co/NC modification volume and constituent materials’ mass ratios were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the as-prepared sensor based on MXene@Co/NC holds a broad linearity range from 0.01 μM to 45.0 μM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 3.3 nM (S/N = 3, S means the detection signal, while N represents the noise of the instrument). Moreover, the proposed sensor displays excellent anti-interference ability, superior reproducibility, excellent stability, and successfully achieves actual applications for CBZ detection in a lettuce sample.

The composition, differences, and metabolic mechanisms of phenolic compounds in fruits and peels of three different varieties (including Clausena lansium ‘Jixin’, ‘Seedless’ and ‘Bingtang’) were investigated. The results showed that the total phenolic content in the fruits followed the order CLB (2080.14 mg/kg) > CLS > CLJ, while in peels it followed CLSp (2457.56 mg/kg) > CLJp > CLBp. Significant differences were observed in flavanols, flavonols, lignans, and phenolic acids among samples. A total of 12 (in fruits) and 9 (in peels) differential phenolic compounds (VIP > 1) were screened. Compared with CLB, several antioxidants and antibacterial phenolics were significantly up-regulated in CLS and CLJ. Pathway analysis revealed that fruit differences were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavone/flavonol biosynthesis pathways, whereas peel differences were mainly enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis and flavone/flavonol biosynthesis pathways. These findings provided a theoretical basis for wampee variety identification, improvement, and functional evaluation.

Pesticide residues are one of the key factors affecting food safety and human health. This study systematically monitored the pesticide residue levels in pineapples from major production regions in China and assessed the dietary exposure risks. A total of 387 samples were collected during the pineapple harvesting seasons from 2023 to 2025. The residues of 88 pesticides were detected using GC, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS. The results showed that 20 pesticides were detected, with detection rates of cypermethrin, carbendazim, and gibberellic acid exceeding 10%. Based on the Chinese National Standard GB 2763, the compliance rate of the samples was 98.71%. In the worst-case scenario, the ADI % for all population subgroups was less than 1%, the %ARfD was less than 60%, and the Hazard Index was less than 1.5%, far below the 100% risk threshold, indicating that the pesticide residue risk in pineapples is low and at an acceptable level.

Crassostrea hongkongensis and Crassostrea ariakensis are commercially and nutritionally important oysters. However, species-specific differences in amino acid composition and protein expression profiles, and underlying mechanisms, remain poorly understood. Here, we integrated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis to address these objectives. C. ariakensis exhibited significantly higher total hydrolyzed amino acid contents than C. hongkongensis, with glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, proline and serine being the predominant amino acids in both species. Proteomic analysis identified 1371 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that were primarily enriched in proteasome, spliceosome, ribosome, and amino acid metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis screened 16,747 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were significantly enriched in the Notch signaling pathway, Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and Phagosome pathways. The integration of proteomics and transcriptomics jointly identified five common KEGG pathways, among which gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed ECM–receptor interaction and folate biosynthesis to be significantly downregulated in C. hongkongensis, suggesting their potential involvement in shaping amino acid composition and protein abundance. Collectively, these findings provide a foundation for the further investigation of species-specific nutritional differences and their potential implications for oyster aquaculture.