Objective: Today, it is well known that obesity plays a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, and one of these mechanisms of action is oxidative stress. There are many studies on the formation of oxidative stress in obesity, but its effect on young adults (18-35 years old) is not fully known. Method: In this context, we investigated oxidative stress levels by measuring oxidant (MDA) and antioxidant (SOD) parameters in young adult obese and overweight individuals with ELISA method. Our hypothesis is that the oxidant parameter (MDA) is high and the antioxidant parameter (SOD) is low in young adult obese individuals due to oxidative stress. Results: According to the study results, a statistically significant difference was found in the SOD and MDA values ​​of overweight individuals (p

Recent research on exercise has introduced a new biological dimension by demonstrating that skeletal muscle functions not only as a mechanical structure but also as an endocrine organ. Myokines released from skeletal muscle during exercise play critical roles in metabolic regulation, inflammation control, nervous system function, and tissue regeneration. Consequently, growing research interest has focused on elucidating the biological and therapeutic significance of myokines. This review examines the effects of exercise-induced myokines on clinical rehabilitation and metabolic regulation, highlighting their therapeutic potential in neurological and cardiac rehabilitation as well as in the management of metabolic syndrome, while emphasizing the biological properties and functional roles of the most extensively studied myokines.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by dysregulated host–microbiota interactions, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and aberrant immune activation. Despite advances in biologic and small-molecule therapies, a substantial proportion of patients exhibit incomplete response, loss of response, or treatment-related adverse effects, underscoring the need for novel adjunctive therapeutic approaches. The vagus nerve exerts a pivotal effects on immune homeostasis through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, thereby integrating peripheral immune sensing with central autonomic regulation. Within the context of IBD, a diminution in vagal tone has been observed to correlate with persistent mucosal inflammation and immune dysregulation. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (ta-VNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that may activate vagal circuits and modulate neuroimmune signaling without surgical intervention. This review endeavors to critically evaluate the potential efficacy of ta-VNS in the context of IBD, with particular emphasis on its discernible effects on immune, epithelial barrier, microbiota-related, and autonomic biomarkers. Emerging evidence, stemming from preliminary investigations, suggests that ta-VNS may exert an influence on inflammatory cytokine profiles, epithelial tight junction integrity, gut microbial composition, and systemic autonomic balance, warranting further elucidation. In addition, the review discusses differential responses between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, summarizes current preclinical and clinical evidence, and highlights biomarker-based strategies for evaluating therapeutic response in future randomized controlled trials. Although current evidence remains preliminary and stimulation parameters are not yet standardized, ta-VNS represents a promising adjunctive neuroimmune modulation strategy in IBD.