Salvia miltiorrhiza, the valuable traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been used in clinics for thousands of years. The water-soluble salvianolic acid compounds are bioactive substances used in treating many diseases. Gibberellins (GAs) are growth-promoting phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development. Previous studies have demonstrated that GAs can promote salvianolic acid accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza; however, the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. Here, we identified a GA-induced R2R3MYB transcription factor (TF), SmMYB71, from a transcriptome library of GA-treated S. miltiorrhiza. SmMYB71 was highly expressed in the root of S. miltiorrhiza and localized to the nucleus. SmMYB71-knockout hairy roots showed higher salvianolic acid accumulation compared to wild lines. Overexpressing SmMYB71 in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots significantly decreased the content of salvianolic acid by downregulating key salvianolic acid biosynthesis enzymes such as SmRAS and SmCYP98A14. The GCC box in the promoter of SmMYB71 can bind with SmERF115, suggesting that SmMYB71 is regulated by SmERF115 in salvianolic acid biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate a novel regulatory role of SmMYB71 in GA-mediated phenolic acid biosynthesis. With the development of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing technology, the SmMYB71 regulation mechanism of salvianolic acid biosynthesis provides a potential target gene for metabolic engineering to increase the quality of S. miltiorrhiza.

Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) is a common complication following radiotherapy for abdominal and pelvic tumors, and there is currently a lack of highly effective and specific preventive or therapeutic drugs. Rosmarinic acid (RA), as a natural polyphenolic compound, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but its specific therapeutic effects and mechanisms on RIII remain poorly understood. Target prediction was performed using network pharmacology combined with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Subsequently, in an in vivo experiment, C57BL/6 mice that subjected to 25 Gy of local abdominal irradiation were orally administered 200 mg/kg rosmarinic acid (RA). Intestinal injury was assessed by histological examination, serum biomarkers including intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), diamine oxidase (DAO), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)-positive cells and Ki67 immunostaining, 16S rRNA sequencing, and Western blotting. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor-κB (PI3K/AKT/NF-κB) signaling pathway was also detected. In vitro experiments, MODE-K cells were pre-treated with 25 μM RA before irradiation, and cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as the expression of target molecules at both mRNA and protein levels were analyzed. Network pharmacology identified MMP9, EGFR, and MMP2 as core targets of RA against RIII, which was further validated by the strong binding affinities observed in molecular docking and MD simulations. In vivo, RA ameliorated intestinal histopathological damage, maintained barrier integrity, reduced serum I‑FABP by 20% (P < 0.05) and DAO by 8.91% (P < 0.0001), increased TGF‑β1 level by 84.65% (P < 0.001), inhibited villus breakage and crypt destruction, protected LGR5 + stem cells (increased by 253.34% compared with the radiation group, P < 0.0001), and decreased Ki67 + proliferating cells by 13.29% (P < 0.05). Additionally, RA partially reversed the radiation-induced loss of gut microbial diversity. In vitro, RA pretreatment increased the viability of irradiated MODE-K cells by 44.21% (P < 0.0001) and suppressed MDA levels by 58.61% (P < 0.0001). Meanwhile, RA downregulated the mRNA expression of IL-18, TNF-α, CASP3, MMP2, and MMP9 by 50.88%, 75.52%, 82.89%, 50.25%, and 60.07%, respectively (all P < 0.0001). Western blot results showed that radiation upregulated the protein levels of p‑PI3K, p‑AKT, p‑P65, and MMP9 in cells, while RA treatment markedly attenuated this upregulation of these proteins (P < 0.01). Collectively, these data demonstrate that RA inhibits radiation‑induced activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF‑κB/MMP9 axis, reduces oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and preserves the intestinal stem cell niche. These data identify RA as a promising radioprotective candidate for the prevention and treatment of RIII.

Radiation-induced chronic wounds remain a major clinical challenge owing to persistent non-healing and progressive tissue degeneration. Rather than simply representing delayed wound repair, they arise from a self-perpetuating pathological cascade involving DNA damage, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell impairment, and fibrosis. Current clinical management remains largely supportive and symptomatic, with limited efficacy and no standardized therapeutic regimens targeting the core pathological mechanisms. Emerging strategies—antioxidant, antifibrotic, senolytic, stem cell/exosome-based, and functional biomaterial approaches—show promise. This review critically summarizes recent advances in pathogenic mechanisms and mechanism-based therapeutic strategies, highlighting current translational challenges and future directions for microenvironment-oriented regenerative therapies.

Mental fatigue is commonly studied using prolonged cognitive tasks, but physiological changes observed in single-group paradigms may also reflect time-on-task, circadian variation, nap deprivation, posture, and cognitive load. This exploratory study characterized continuous heart-rate variability (HRV) dynamics during a 60-min 2-back task performed in the habitual afternoon nap period. Twenty-six healthy graduate students completed pre- and post-task assessments using the mental-fatigue subscale of the Fatigue Self-Assessment Scale (FSAS) and a simple reaction-time test; 22 participants were included in the HRV analysis after four recordings were excluded because insufficient compliance with the required seated protocol resulted in inadequate valid data. Ballistocardiogram signals were acquired using a 1000-Hz fiber-optic sensing cushion. Nineteen HRV features were estimated in 5-min windows with a 1-min step, and temporal dynamics were described using baseline-relative change (Delta) and log change rate (LCR). The FSAS mental-fatigue score increased from $18.99\pm 17.09$ to $46.88\pm 24.89$ (mean change 27.88, 95% CI 19.34–36.43; paired $t\left(25\right)=6.72$, $p<0.001$; Cohen’s $d_z=1.32$), and reaction time increased from $371.63\pm 37.74$ to $407.62\pm 66.70$ ms (mean change 35.98 ms, 95% CI 21.17–50.80; $t\left(25\right)=5.00$, $p<0.001$; $d_z=0.98$). A BCG-derived respiratory surrogate showed a phase effect for relative respiratory amplitude but not respiratory rate. Across the 19 HRV features included in the primary analysis, several nominal phase effects were observed, but none remained significant after Benjamini–Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction. Exploratory ranking and dynamic time-warping clustering indicated heterogeneous feature trajectories, although the fixed five-cluster solution was not the best-separated solution and participant-level reproducibility was limited. These findings support the feasibility of unobtrusive BCG for describing continuous physiological variation during prolonged cognitive engagement, but they do not establish fatigue-specific HRV phases, diagnostic markers, or individual-level monitoring performance.

Ballistocardiography (BCG) enables unobtrusive physiological monitoring, but its signal quality is sensitive to body–sensor coupling and posture. This study proposes a dual-channel quality assessment framework for seated BCG and measurement-configuration evaluation. A chair-integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometer fiber-optic sensing system recorded back and hip BCG signals from 11 participants at five backrest angles (100°, 120°, 140°, 160°, and 180°). Thirty candidate features were extracted from 15 s windows, and channel-specific three-class quality models were developed using selected interpretable features and a bagged-trees classifier under repeated subject-wise evaluation. Classification probabilities were mapped to continuous quality scores and integrated with JJ-interval consistency and cross-channel delay stability to construct a dual-channel quality index. The models distinguished low-, medium-, and high-quality windows, while the joint index characterized differences in dual-channel analyzability across measurement configurations. Angle-related differences were not statistically significant when all windows were included but became significant after excluding low-quality windows. Within the tested cohort and experimental configuration, 140° showed the highest descriptive overall quality, followed by 160°, whereas 100° performed worst. The angle ranking was largely stable across alternative weighting schemes. However, cross-channel consistency does not constitute independent physiological validation, and improvements in downstream parameter-estimation accuracy remain unverified. The proposed framework supports quality-guided evaluation of seated BCG acquisition configurations and warrants further validation against independent physiological references.