Background: Understanding the neural organization underlying motor function is essential for explaining individual differences in motor performance and the impact of aging. Methods: We examined 87 healthy older adults who underwent, in different sessions, resting state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) applied to the hand muscles representation area in the primary motor cortex to elicit Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs). Furthermore, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and handgrip strength evaluations were carried out on subjects. Subjects were split into two groups, Low MEP (L‐MEP) and High MEP (H‐MEP) groups, based on individual MEP amplitude, and age, sex, and education matched. Functional connectivity was analyzed through Magnitude‐Squared Coherence (MSCoh) and Total Coherence (TotCoh) in different frequency bands and brain regions of interest. Findings: The L‐MEP presented decreased MSCoh in the Alpha 2 and Beta 1 bands, and decreased TotCoh in the Alpha 2 band within the Temporal region as well as in the Beta 1 band across Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal regions. No significant difference in grip strength was found while the MMSE score of L‐MEP group was significantly lower compared to the H‐MEP one. These findings indicate that reduced motor cortex excitability reflects decreased network integration, particularly in regions associated with cognitive and sensorimotor processing. These findings may reflect early neurophysiological vulnerability. Conclusions: These results underscore the resting state EEG as a non‐invasive, highly sensitive tool monitoring subtle alterations in brain functional networks that may precede clinical symptoms, offering a powerful tool for monitoring and individualized intervention.

Background: The cerebellum has recently been proposed as a key contributor to facial expression (FE) processing, although the neural pathways underlying its involvement remain poorly understood. This study investigated whether cerebellar modulation of FE processing preferentially relies on motor or perceptual circuits. Methods: Sixteen healthy young participants underwent cerebellar cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCs) and sham stimulation in a randomized crossover design. Cerebellar–motor cortex interactions were assessed using cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI) measured by a paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, while early perceptual processing was evaluated through P100 and N170 event-related potentials (ERPs). Behavioral performance was assessed using a task involving recognition of neutral, happy, and fearful faces. Results: Cerebellar tDCs selectively modulated the cerebello–thalamo–primary motor cortex pathway, producing a significant reduction in CBI during the passive viewing of emotional (happy and fearful) expressions while exerting no significant effects on occipitotemporal ERP components associated with early face perception or on behavioral measures of emotion recognition, including recognition accuracy and reaction times. Conclusions: These findings indicate that cerebellar contributions to facial emotion processing are predominantly mediated through motor rather than early perceptual pathways. The cerebellum appears to modulate motor network activity during emotional face observation without directly influencing occipitotemporal perceptual mechanisms, although this physiological modulation was not accompanied by measurable changes in behavioral performance. These findings support the hypothesis that cerebellar involvement in social cognition is primarily related to the optimization of emotion-related motor processing.