This study aimed to evaluate the effects of milk replacer (MR) feeding on carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid profile in suckling goat kids through a meta-analysis. The electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to identify the articles required for the meta-analysis using the PRISMA methodology. The data used in this meta-analysis were obtained from 13 English-language articles published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2005 and May 2026. All data were analyzed using random-effects models. Feeding with MR did not affect (p > 0.05) body weight at slaughter, hot carcass weight, or hot carcass yield of suckling kids. However, a lower renal fat weight (p < 0.05) was observed in kids fed MR. On the other hand, feeding with MR did not affect (p > 0.05) meat pH at 24 h, lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), Chroma (C*), Hue (H°), Warner-Bratzler shear force, or the moisture, protein, fat, collagen, and ash content in the meat of suckling kids. Nevertheless, a lower water-holding capacity (p < 0.05) was observed in the meat of kids fed MR. Feeding with MR did not affect (p > 0.05) the concentration of caproic, caprylic, lauric, myristic, myristoleic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, oleic, alpha-linolenic, arachidonic acid, behenic acids, total saturated fatty acids, total monounsaturated fatty acids, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, lower concentrations (p < 0.05) of capric, pentadecanoic, palmitic, stearic, and arachidic acids were observed in the meat of suckling kids fed MR. In contrast, higher concentrations (p < 0.05) of linoleic acid were observed in the meat of suckling kids fed MR. In conclusion, the use of milk replacer in suckling kids preserves growth, carcass traits, and most meat quality attributes, while reducing renal fat deposition and selectively modifying the fatty acid composition toward a higher linoleic acid content.