Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Ficus sycomorus fruit and leaf extracts obtained from the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Materials and Methods: Fruits and leaves of F. sycomorus were collected from the Kyrenia region of Northern Cyprus in July 2018. The leaf and fruit samples were extracted with the distilled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform solvents (1:10 [w/v]). After evaporation, samples were suspended in methanol at the final concentration of 100 mg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the leaf and fruit extracts was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Method. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts were determined using the methods reported by Stankovic in 2011 and Sharm and Vig in 2013. Antioxidant activity of samples was tested using free radical scavenger method. Results: The leaf extracts of F. sycomorus was active. The inhibition zone diameters ranged from 1.8mm to 13.00 mm. Fruit extracts and methanol controls showed no inhibitory effect on strains. However, bacteriostatic activity against Enterococcus faecalis was observed in fruit-water extract. The highest antimicrobial activity was shown against Staphylococcus aureus (13 mm) for ethanolic extracts at 100 mg/mL concentration. Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) for ethanolic extract was observed starting at 25 mg/mL concentration against S. aureus. Although, no antimicrobial activiy was observed in fruit extracts, the highest 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activiy and phytochemical content were recorded in fruit extracts. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that leaf extracts of F. sycomorus can be used as a curative agent for the treatment of S. aureus and fungal infections and may be effective against pathogenic microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics. Antioxidant content of fruit and leaf extracts can be effective against the negative effects of free radicals.

Pollution of surface waters with coliform bacteria having antibiotic and heavy metal resistance has become an increasing public health risk. For this reason, antibiotic and heavy metal resistance profiles of fecal microorganisms in surface water samples collected from two different points (Seve Dam and Konak Pond, Kilis, Turkey) were analyzed in this study. The various physicochemical parameters such as pH, Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC) of samples were also examined. The total coliform load in each sample was ˃1100 (MPN)/100 mL. As fecal indicator microorganisms, 21 Escherichia coli strains were isolated from sampling points. Despite the high coliform contamination, the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of E. coli was recorded as 0.187. The multiple heavy metal resistance (MHMR) index (0.202) was remarkably higher than the MAR value. Most isolates showed minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) in the range of 25-1.600 μg/mL based on concentrations of heavy metals. These results indicate that surface waters may be discharge points of industrial and domestic wastewaters

This study aims to investigate the total chemical component, biological activity and chromatographic analysis of the fruit extract of Styrax officinalis, obtained from local markets trading local products in the Gaziantep region. Methanol was used to extract the pericarp and seed samples that make up the fruit. Fruit pericarp extract with high phenolic content showed a significant capacity in all antioxidant activity analyses. No antibacterial activity of the extracts was observed against the standard strains used. Regarding phenolic acid content, the most abundant phenolic acid in the fruit pericarp extract was chrysin and t-cinnamic acid. In contrast, in the seed extract, it was t-cinnamic acid and quercetin. HPLC results revealed that succinic acid was the main component of organic acid contents in all extracts. The fact that the main components determined from all analyses have various strong pharmacological activities reveals the importance of the widespread use of S. officinalis.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the chemical composition and potentiality of Nicotiana glauca G. leaf extract taken from the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic compounds. In February 2020, a leaf of N. glauca was gathered in the Kyrenia district of Northern Cyprus. Methanol was used to extract the leaf sample. The content of essential oils in the extract was determined using gas chromatography and a headspace system test. Several methods were used to investigate the extract's antibacterial, antioxidant activities, and antidiabetic potential. On all microorganisms examined, the leaf methanol extract of N. glauca had no antibacterial activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, metal chelating, and phosphomolybdenum assays were all active with the methanol extract. The extract showed no antidiabetic efficacy. Furthermore, the essential oil was not found in the extract's chemical composition. According to the findings, the presence of antioxidant components in N. glauca leaf extract can protect against the detrimental effects of free radicals. Its application in Northern Cyprus becomes even more crucial as a result of this potential feature.

The aim of this study is to explore the chemical composition and potentiality (such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic substances) of Cynara cornigera L. shoot system extract harvested from the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Methanolic extract of C. cornigera shoot system displayed no antibacterial effect on all tested microorganisms. Although the methanolic extract possessed a significant radical scavenging activity for TPC, TFC, DPPH˙, ferric reducing capacity, metal chelating, and phosphomolybdenum assay, it did not show any antidiabetic activity. In addition, no essential oil was determined in the chemical composition of the extract. These results indicated that the presence of antioxidant substances of shoot system extract of C. cornigera can be effective against harmful effects of free radicals. Due to this property, its use in human nutrition in Northern Cyprus becomes even more important. Novelty impact statement The absence of studies on the Cynara cornigera in Northern Cyprus or Turkey makes this study unique and worthwhile. This study investigated the chemical composition and potentiality (such as the antimicrobial, antioxidant and antidiabetic substances) of C. cornigera L. shoot system extract. The phenolic content and antioxidant effect of the extract indicated that C. cornigera can be a potential candidate for drug production.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'nden (KKTC) toplanan Pyrus elaeagrifolia ve Crithmum maritimum L. meyve ve yaprak-gövde özütlerinin kimyasal bileşimini ve antibakteriyel, antioksidan ve antidiyabetik bileşikler gibi potansiyelini araştırmaktır. Ağustos 2022'de Kuzey Kıbrıs'ın Girne ilçesinde Pyrus elaeagrifolia’nın meyvesi ve Crithmum maritimum’ın yaprak ve gövdesi toplandı. Meyve ve yaprak-gövde örneklerini ekstrakte etmek için metanol kullanıldı. Özütlerin antibakteriyel, antioksidan aktivitelerini ve antidiyabetik potansiyelini araştırmak için çeşitli yöntemler kullanıldı. İncelenen tüm mikroorganizmalar üzerinde, Pyrus elaeagrifolia ve Crithmum maritimum L. meyve ve yaprak-gövde metanol özütlerinin antibakteriyel aktivitesi yoktu. Toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriği, 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil radikal süpürme aktivitesi, ferrik indirgeyici antioksidan gücü, metal şelatlama ve fosfomolibden deneylerinin tümü metanol özütleri ile aktifti. Özütler antidiyabetik etkinlik göstermedi. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Pyrus elaeagrifolia ve Crithmum maritimum L. meyve ve yaprak-gövde özütlerinde antioksidan bileşenlerin bulunması, serbest radikallerin zararlı etkilerine karşı koruma sağlayabiliyor. Bu potansiyel özelliği nedeniyle Kuzey Kıbrıs'ta uygulanması daha da önem kazanmaktadır.