The guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta, is one of the major pests affecting mango (Mangifera indica) and guava (Psidium guajava) production in China. The compound β-caryophyllene was identified from the rectal gland extracts of wild B. correcta males and was demonstrated to be a more specific and potent male lure than methyl eugenol (ME) for B. correcta. In order to find potential additional pheromone attractants for the monitoring and mass-trapping of this fruit fly, a series of chemical and behavioral assays were conducted in this study. Ten compounds were identified from the rectal glands of virgin B. correcta females. These compounds consisted of five major compounds (i.e., ethyl dodecanoate, ethyl tetradecanoate, ethyl (E)-9-hexadecenoate, ethyl hexadecanoate, and ethyl (Z)-9-octadecenoate) in high quantities, and other compounds (i.e., octanal, N-(3-methylbutyl) acetamide, (Z)-9-tricosene, ethyl octadecanoate, and ethyl eicosanoate) in trace amounts, while virtually no compounds were found in male rectal glands. The bioassays indicate that female rectal gland extracts are attractive to virgin females and males. Furthermore, a cyclical production of the five major compounds was found, recurring at roughly 10-d intervals with peaks in 10–13-, 25-, and 35-d-old females. Collectively, these results will contribute to the understanding of pheromone communication in B. correcta and may provide important information for improving existing monitoring and control methods for this pest.

Protegira songi Chen and Zhang is a monophagous defoliating pest that feeds exclusively on Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., an economically and medicinally important tree species widely cultivated in China. Climate change may influence the potential suitable habitat of this pest, with implications for future monitoring and management. In this study, a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model integrating occurrence records and environmental variables was used to evaluate current habitat suitability and project future changes under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. The minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6) and precipitation of the driest month (Bio14) were identified as key climatic factors associated with potential habitat suitability. Currently, suitable habitats were estimated to cover approximately 20.58% of China’s land area, with highly suitable regions mainly distributed in central and southwestern China. Future projections indicated that potential suitable habitats would undergo spatial redistribution, with core suitable areas remaining relatively stable while peripheral regions showed more variation. Under SSP245, the suitable habitat area exhibited the largest increase by the 2090s, accompanied by an overall southward shift in the centroid of suitable habitat. These findings improve understanding of climate-driven changes in the potential suitable habitat of P. songi and provide a scientific basis for climate-informed monitoring and adaptive pest management.