Ischemia/reperfusion,interleukin 6 blocker,lung,rat,tocilizumab

Aim: This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy and complication rates of 20G and 22G needles in transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy (TFNAB). Method: This retrospective study reviewed lung biopsy results from procedures performed between January 2018 and March 2020. Patients included had non-diagnostic bronchoscopic biopsies or were deemed inappropriate for bronchoscopic biopsy. A total of 127 patients underwent Computed tomography (CT) guided TFNAB using either 20G or 22G needles. Data on lesion size, localization, diagnostic adequacy, and complications were collected and analyzed. Results: The study cohort included 127 patients with a mean age of 63.21 years. Of these, 72 underwent biopsies with a 22G needle and 55 with a 20G needle. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 96.8%, with no significant differences between the 20G and 22G needle groups (p=0.206). Complications occurred in 59 patients (46.5%), with pneumothorax being the most common, and two cases required chest tube placement. The rate of pulmonary hemorrhage was 18.9%. There were no significant differences in complication rates between the needle sizes (p=0.985). Conclusion: CT-guided TFNAB using both 20G and 22G needles is safe and effective, with high diagnostic accuracy and low complication rates. The choice of needle size does not significantly impact diagnostic outcomes or complication rates, allowing clinicians flexibility based on patient-specific factors and procedural requirements.

Objective: Schwannomas are benign tumors that originate from Schwann cells of the nerve sheath. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a valuable tool for the pre-operative diagnosis of schwannomas, especially in locations where surgical resection is associated with significant morbidity. In this study, we aimed to identify the clinical, cytological, and immunohistochemical features of 17 schwannoma cases diagnosed by FNAC and to compare our findings with previously published case series in the literature. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 17 cytological specimens from patients with a cytological diagnosis of schwannoma between 2019 and 2024. The clinical data of the patients were retrieved from the hospital information management system. The cases were re-evaluated based on their cytological features. Results: Of these patients, 10 were female and 7 were male. The patients’ ages ranged from 36 to 78 years (mean 54 years). Four cases were hypercellular, seven showed moderate cellularity, and six were hypocellular. In all the cases, the cells formed cohesive fragments. All nuclei exhibited tapering ends and appeared wavy, hook-like, or comma-shaped. All cases displayed filamentous cytoplasmic extensions and syncytium-like clusters. Immunocytochemical evaluation was performed in all but two cases. S100 staining was strong in 14 cases and moderate in one. Sox10 was positive in five cases. Conclusion: The diagnostic assessment of schwannomas integrates clinical evaluation, imaging, and cyto-histological analysis. FNAC facilitates preoperative planning by characterizing the lesion. Characteristic cytological findings include spindle cell clusters, nuclear palisading, Verocay bodies, and a fibrillary background.

Aims: Dendritic cells are key players in initiating the primary immune response. Many studies have investigated the role of antigen-presenting cells in breast carcinoma, revealing associations between dendritic cell density, their spatial distribution within the tumor, and prognosis. CD1a is a glycosylated type I transmembrane protein that is frequently used as a dendritic cell marker in human tumors. This study aims to detect CD1a expression using immunohistochemical methods in a cohort of HER2-overexpressing breast carcinoma patients. It also analyzes the correlation of CD1a expression with prognostic parameters and overall survival outcomes. Methods: Patient records of individuals diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma between 2003 and 2009 were retrieved from the digital pathology archive of İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine Pathology Department. From this dataset, 48 cases were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: HER2 positivity confirmed. We applied cd1a immunohistochemically to all of these cases and compared the staining with prognostic data. Results: Any level of CD1a positivity was considered when evaluating the association between CD1a expression and survival/ prognostic factors. No statistically significant relationship was found between CD1a positivity and age, tumor size, lymph node involvement, or recurrence. No correlation was identified between CD1a positivity/negativity and the neoadjuvant status of the tumour. However, a significant association was observed between nuclear grade and CD1a positivity. No statistical correlation was found between 5-year total and disease-free survival and CD1a staining. Conclusion: Considering that HER2-positive tumors account for only 25–30% of breast carcinomas, our study focused on a particular and homogeneous patient group. A lower survival rate was expected because HER2 positivity is a known poor prognostic factor, and our cohort consisted of non-early-stage cases. Therefore, while a proportional relationship between CD1a positivity and survival was observed in HER2-positive cases, statistical significance was not achieved. Future studies should include larger patient populations or more heterogeneous cohorts in terms of prognostic features to obtain more conclusive results. In our study, CD1a positivity was significantly associated only with higher nuclear grade.