In this paper, the line of sight (LOS) propagation model in visible light communication for a receiver with tilting plane is precisely derived. In addition, a relatively simple and reasonably accurate model of LOS propagation is proposed to employ received signal strength algorithm. Then, the maximum likelihood estimator is applied in range estimation where a new shot noise (RSN) source as a function of received signal power, is considered. Moreover, the Cramer-Rao lower bound is derived in closed form by considering RSN and tilting plane. Next, the influence of the Lambertian emission order on the channel model is investigated, theoretically and the optimum value of the Lambertian emission order is presented. Finally, performance is evaluated numerically.

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) can be utilized for remote observation of patients and old individuals at home as medical applications. Visible light communication (VLC) has been proposed as an efficient technology for medical WBANs. By considering the key feature of VLC systems, VLC can be used in extra-WBAN links from node (patients) to access point. Since symbol error rates (SERs) is critical metric in medical WBANs, we propose joint power and subcarrier allocation scheme in VLC systems to minimize SERs subject to transmit power limitation, and required minimum rate for each user. Here, the improved channel model is utilized for VLC link between different numbers of patients and access point which is considered received signal power dependence noise (RSN). In addition, the effect of tilting assisted receiver on resource allocation is evaluated. Moreover, to address real-world challenges like patient movement and obstructions, we propose incorporating wall-mounted mirrors to reflect light signals and thus maintain reliable communication, considering both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) transmission. The numerical results indicate that RSN and receiver tilting have a significant impact on the allocation of resources. Furthermore, it is shown that outage probability can approach zero using the NLoS link of proposed wall-mounted mirrors.

In this work, we evaluate the efficiency of different one-dimensional and two-dimensional multiple signal classification (MUSIC) scenarios in direction-finding (DF) for the azimuth and the elevation angles through the Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, a new second order differential array (SODA) based on two L-shaped array (TLSA) geometry is proposed to enhance the accuracy of the DF algorithm in the presence of mutual coupling effects. Moreover, we studied the effect of the elevation estimation error on the azimuth DF accuracy. For this purpose, the root mean square error values of the azimuth and elevation angles with different arrangements of a SODA-based nine elements TLSA geometry are calculated. It shows that DF-based on the proposed sparse TLSA has a better performance than uniform TLSA in accuracy and complexity. The simulations show that establishing a one-dimensional MUSIC DF algorithm for two independent linear arrays of monopole antennas can estimate the azimuth and the elevation angles precisely with acceptable time consumption due to one-dimensional peak search of the Pseudo-spectrum function.

This paper presents firstly the literature review and then investigates the design, simulation, and performance analysis of a compact microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) for wireless communication, IoT, and radar systems as candidate for TWIN OPEN LOOP RESONATORS in our future studies of filter and diplexers. Using ROGER RT (RO3003), an open-loop square with two SIRS at the top of the resonator structure is investigated for the filter, which is optimized to operate at the center frequency of 3,82 GHz with an external quality factor of 57,88. Regarding S-parameter results, the performance is good, with an insertion loss of 0,41 dB, while a high return loss is achieved at 21,66 dB. Such characteristics guarantee good selectivity and low signal distortion at an upper band of 83,74 dB /GHz with a transition band of 0,269 GHz. The proposed BPF has a transmission zero of 71,53 dB at 4,427 GHz with a compact size of 18 mm × 18 mm.