The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced considerable growth in recent years, with the advent of technologies that are transforming a range of industries, including healthcare and dentistry. Large language models (LLMs) and natural language processing (NLP) are pivotal to this transformation. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of AI-supported chatbots in responding to questions frequently asked by patients to their doctors regarding oral health. Frequently asked questions in the oral health section of the World Dental Federation FDI website were asked about Google-Gemini Trends and ChatGPT-4 chatbots on July 9, 2024. Responses from ChatGPT and Gemini, as well as those from the FDI webpage, were recorded. The accuracy of the responses given by ChatGPT-4 and Gemini to the four specified questions, the detection of similarities and differences, and the comprehensive examination of ChatGPT-4 and Gemini’s capabilities were analyzed and reported by the researchers. Furthermore, the content of the texts was evaluated in terms of their similarity with respect to the following criteria: “Main Idea,” “Quality Analysis,” “Common Ideas,” and “Inconsistent Ideas.” It was observed that both ChatGPT-4 and Gemini exhibited performance comparable to that of the FDI responses in terms of completeness and clarity. Compared with Gemini, ChatGPT-4 provided responses that were more similar to the FDI responses in terms of relevance. Furthermore, ChatGPT-4 provided responses that were more accurate than those of Gemini in terms of the “Accuracy” criterion. This study demonstrated that, according to the assessment conducted by FDI, the ChatGPT-4 and Gemini applications contain contemporary and comprehensible information in response to general inquiries concerning oral health. These applications are regarded as a prevalent and dependable source of information for individuals seeking to access such data.

Objectives: This retrospective cone–beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based study investigated whether sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns are associated with differences in condylar morphology, spatial position, and ramus–condyle dimensions and explored the potential clinical implications of these variations in orthodontic assessment. Methods: CBCT images of 132 individuals meeting predefined inclusion criteria were selected from the departmental archive. Cephalograms were reconstructed and cephalometric analyses were performed. Individuals were categorized into three sagittal skeletal pattern groups and three vertical skeletal pattern groups. Condylar morphology was evaluated using the Yale classification, and condylar position was assessed according to Pullinger’s method. Condylar and ramus heights were measured using the Habets method. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, and the Habets asymmetry index. Intra-observer reliability was assessed using Cohen’s kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: Condylar height differed significantly across vertical skeletal patterns, with the highest values in hypodivergent and the lowest in hyperdivergent individuals (right p = 0.004, left p = 0.011). A significant association was found between condyle position and vertical skeletal pattern on the right side (p = 0.041), but not on the left side (p = 0.554). Individuals with a Class III sagittal skeletal pattern showed significantly greater condylar height asymmetry (Habets index) than Class I and Class II individuals; an unadjusted difference in right ramus height (p = 0.001) and left condyle height (p = 0.046) between Class III and Class II individuals did not remain significant after adjusting for the unequal sex distribution between these groups. Males showed significantly greater condylar and ramus height than females (all p < 0.001). No significant relationships were identified between condylar morphology or position and sagittal skeletal patterns. Conclusions: A possible association was observed between vertical skeletal pattern and condylar position on the right side, which requires confirmation given the number of comparisons performed and the absence of a corresponding left-side finding. The observed differences in ramus and condylar height among skeletal groups, including significantly greater condylar height asymmetry in Class III individuals and greater ramus height asymmetry in hyperdivergent individuals, suggest that mandibular structural characteristics may vary according to underlying skeletal configuration.

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the knowledge of dental students about artificial intelligence (AI) in dental healthcare.Methods: This study utilized a descriptive online survey, where respondents completed a Survey Monkey® questionnaire that evaluated their perceptions and opinions regarding the integration of AI in dentistry. The survey questionnaire included 20 questions designed to assess participants' demographic characteristics and their comprehension of AI. In statistical analyses, rates between groups were compared using the chi-square test.Results: The study involved a total of 226 student participants, with 31.4% (71) being first-year students, 15.5% (35) second-year, 23.5% (53) third-year, 11.1% (25) fourth-year, and 18.6% (42) fifth-year students. The average age of the participants was 20.86±3.40, and 66.4% were female. 97.3% of participants (220) had prior knowledge of AI, while just 68.1% (154) reported no concerns regarding AI. While 58.4% of students (132) reported having no knowledge of AI applications in dentistry, an overwhelming 92.5% (209) indicated a willingness to integrate AI into their future practice. Less than half of the participants said they were informed about AI, while 90.7% thought it should be included in the curriculum. There was statistically significant difference in knowldge level of the use of AI in dentistry between the fourth and fifth grades compared to the first grades (P<.05).Conclusion: This study concluded that students' knowledge about AI was insufficient and revealed that upper-grade students had more knowledge about the areas of AI usage in dentistry compared to lower-grades.Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Awareness, Computer-Assisted Diagnosis, Deep Learning, Dental School

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, panoramik röntgenler üzerinde gerçekleştirilen doğrusal mandibular ölçümlerin yaş ve cinsiyet ile ilişkisini değerlendirmek ve bu ölçümlerin adli kimliklendirme sürecindeki potansiyel katkısını incelemektir. Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmada, Atlas Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi Anabilim Dalı arşivinden seçilen 148 bireye (74 kadın, 74 erkek) ait dijital panoramik röntgen görüntüleri değerlendirildi. Bilateral olarak mental foramen bölgesi kortikal kalınlığı, birinci molar hizasında inferior kortikal kalınlık, mandibular kanal– ramus korteksi mesafesi ve ramus–angulus mesafesi ölçüldü. Bireyler beş yaş grubuna ayrıldı (18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, ≥60 yaş). Ölçüm güvenilirliği gözlemci içi/arası ICC analizi ile değerlendirildi. Yaş ile ölçümler arasındaki ilişki Spearman korelasyonu, yaş gruplarına göre karşılaştırma Kruskal– Wallis testi, cinsiyete göre karşılaştırma ise Mann–Whitney U testi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Tüm ölçüm parametrelerinde yüksek düzeyde gözlemci içi ve gözlemciler arası uyum elde edildi ve parametrelerin büyük bölümünde ICC değerleri 0,90'ın üzerinde bulundu. Erkek bireylerde ölçüm değerleri genel olarak daha yüksek olup, mandibular morfometrik parametrelerin büyük bölümünde cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptandı (p<0,05). En belirgin cinsiyet farkı ramus–angulus mesafesinde gözlendi. Yaş grupları arasında yalnızca sağ mandibular kanal–ramus korteksi mesafesinde anlamlı farklılık bulundu (p=0,003). Yaş ile sağ ve sol ramus–angulus mesafesi arasında zayıf negatif korelasyon saptanırken (r=-0,185/-0,203; p<0,05), diğer parametrelerde yaşla anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı. Sonuç: Mandibular morfometrik ölçümler, özellikle ramus–angulus mesafesi ve mental foramen bölgesi kortikal kalınlığı, cinsiyet değerlendirmesinde yararlı parametreler olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Buna karşın, bu ölçümlerin erişkin bireylerde yaş tahminine katkısı sınırlıdır. Bulgular, mandibular morfometrik ölçümlerin adli kimliklendirmede tek başına değil, diğer yöntemlerle birlikte destekleyici parametre olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Adli diş hekimliği, iskeletten cinsiyet tayini, mandibula, panoramik radyografi, iskeletten yaş tayini.