This comprehensive review explores the application and impact of digital twin (DT) technology in bolstering the reliability of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) and their supporting platforms. Within the burgeoning domain of offshore wind energy, this study contextualises the need for heightened reliability measures in FOWTs and elucidates how DT technology serves as a transformative tool to address these concerns. Analysing the existing scholarly literature, the review encompasses insights into the historical reliability landscape, DT deployment methodologies, and their influence on FOWT structures. Findings underscore the pivotal role of DT technology in enhancing FOWT reliability through real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance strategies, resulting in improved operational efficiency and reduced downtime. Highlighting the significance of DT technology as a potent mechanism for fortifying FOWT reliability, the review emphasises its potential to foster a robust operational framework while acknowledging the necessity for continued research to address technical intricacies and regulatory considerations in its integration within offshore wind energy systems. Challenges and opportunities related to the integration of DT technology in FOWTs are thoroughly analysed, providing valuable insights into the role of DTs in optimising FOWT reliability and performance, thereby offering a foundation for future research and industry implementation.

Repeated-impact tests were carried out on a typical stiffened panel using both a wedge-shaped ice indenter and, for comparison, a rigid steel indenter under identical conditions. The tests were performed on a drop-weight impact system under a mass-loaded configuration, and the impact force, deformation response, and failure characteristics were recorded. Numerical simulations were additionally conducted to analyze the structural response and damage evolution. Progressive permanent deformation was observed under both impact types, whereas ice impact produced stronger fluctuations and a more scattered peak-force history. The differences between the two impact modes are clarified, providing a reference for the impact-resistant design and safety assessment of ships designed for ice-covered water.