The risk of marine disasters based on flooding is one of the most significant natural disasters in coastal zones. It can be said that flooding in coastal zones has typical sea–land characteristics. Yet, relatively little research has been done in this area. Thus, by using the characteristics of marine disaster risk based on flooding in Qingdao and combining marine science and land science methods, this paper constructs a targeted indicator system for the flooding risk from marine disasters from the perspectives of the disaster natural chain and flooding process. According to the results, the Integrated Risk Index of marine disasters based on flooding in Qingdao is 0.3694, which represents a medium risk level for natural disasters in China’s major coastal areas. The first- and third-level indicators with large contribution rates are almost all natural indicators. This indicates that the natural disaster process and disaster chain greatly affect the flooding disaster risk in Qingdao. However, although natural factors play large roles in the risk of disaster, preventive methods implemented by humans can still have a positive effect on disaster reduction. Therefore, human society should still proceed with understanding disasters from natural processes, change their passive response to active adaptation, and actively strengthen preventive measures to alleviate the adverse impacts of increasingly serious natural disasters.

The Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Sailing Competitions (referred to as OPSC hereafter) were held at Qingdao during August 923 and September 713 2008, respectively. The Qingdao Meteorological Bureau was the official provider of weather support for the OPSC. Three-dimensional real-time information with high spatial-temporal resolution was obtained by the comprehensive observation system during the OPSC, which included weather radars, wind profile radars, buoys, automated weather stations, and other conventional observations. The refined forecasting system based on MM5, WRF, and statistical modules provided point-specific hourly wind forecasts for the five venues, and the severe weather monitoring and forecasting system was used in short-term forecasts and nowcasts for rainstorms, gales, and hailstones. Moreover, latest forecasting products, warnings, and weather information were communicated conveniently and timely through a synthetic, speedy, and digitalized network system to different customers. Daily weather information briefings, notice boards, websites, and community short messages were the main approaches for regatta organizers, athletes, and coaches to receive weather service products at 8:00PM of each day and whenever new updates were available. During the period of OPSC, almost one hundred people were involved in the weather service with innovative service concept, and the weather support was found to be successful and helpful to the OPSC.

Based on wind profiler radar and ground-based microwave radiometer observations in Qingdao, a rainstorm event that occurred on 15–16 July 2025 is analyzed to extract the different characteristics of dynamic, moisture and thermal conditions between coastal (Qingdao) and inland (Pingdu) stations. Then, a preliminary short-term nowcasting warning indicator system is proposed. The results show that Qingdao station exhibited explosive precipitation characteristics triggered by cold-air intrusion, while Pingdu station exhibited persistent precipitation characteristics associated with warm-sector convective development. A high-level accumulation of the low-level jet (LLJ) index was a prerequisite for precipitation, and its enhancement and core lowering served as precursors to rainfall onset. The turning points of peak integrated water vapor (IWV) and integrated liquid water (ILW) content, as well as the inflection points where brightness temperature shifts from rising to falling, have clear warning significance for heavy rainfall. A three-level graded warning indicator system can provide warning information 30 min to 2 h before precipitation onset. It should be emphasized that this study is based on a single precipitation event and the proposed warning indicators constitute a preliminary methodological framework. Further validation using multiple historical cases and rigorous statistical evaluation is required before operational implementation.

Background: Urban wastewater integrates chemical signals from human activities and provides a composite biochemical representation of the communities it serves. However, whether wastewater metabolomes exhibit stable spatial organization at the catchment scale remains insufficiently characterized. Methods: Untargeted LC–HRMS was applied to 56 influent wastewater samples collected from seven urban catchments over eight consecutive days to evaluate spatial structuring of the community metabolome. Results: A total of 3248 reproducible molecular features were detected. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that catchment identity explained 62% of total metabolomic variation (R² = 0.62, p < 0.001), while multivariate dispersion did not differ significantly among sites (p = 0.082). Within-catchment compositional distances were significantly lower than between-catchment distances (p < 0.001), and centroid separation exceeded internal dispersion (ratio = 2.55), indicating short-term stable, site-specific configurations in high-dimensional chemical space. Random Forest classification achieved 98% accuracy under strict spatial cross-validation and 98.2% under leave-one-day-out validation (p < 0.001). Classification performance remained high using annotated-only (98.2%), unannotated-only (98.2%), or pharmaceutical-excluded datasets (96.5%), demonstrating that spatial identity was encoded in a distributed manner across the metabolome rather than driven by a limited subset of compounds. Conclusions: These findings provide quantitative evidence that urban wastewater metabolomes exhibit short-term stable, reproducible catchment-level structure and establish a methodological foundation for system-level characterization of urban populations using untargeted metabolomics.

The climatic characteristics of tropical cyclones affecting Qingdao, China, were analyzed from the aspects of frequency, period, and intensity of the tropical cyclones and their impact on rainfall in Qingdao by referring to the Typhoon Yearbook, the tropical cyclone data of China during 1949–2020 as well as surface meteorological observations. The results showed that the frequency of tropical cyclones affecting Qingdao during 1949–2020 took on an overall decreasing trend and mostly exhibited a significant variation period of 2–4 year. Tropical cyclones with the track of turning after landfall and continuing northward after landfall accounted for 47.9%. In July, there were tropical cyclones mainly followed tracks of continuing northward after landfall, and tracks turning after landfall mostly occurred in September. The intensity of the tropical cyclones showed an overall weakening feature with distinct inter-decadal variations, and it did not change much when the northward tropical cyclones close affecting Qingdao. The different track of tropical cyclones had spatially heterogeneous, strong rainfall in Qingdao with the track of continuing northward after landfall brought the highest daily and process rainfall to Qingdao, while the tropical cyclones turning nearshore or advancing offshore before landfall had relatively little rainfall.