This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Prof. Dr. Tong Jiang
Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China

Basic Info

Basic Info is private.

Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Virus
0 Virus detection
0 virus and innate immunity
0 virus and host
0 Virus and vector

Fingerprints

Virus

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2021 in Atmospheric Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Understanding the patterns of dryness/wetness in the warming context is important for stakeholders to formulate adaptation strategies to minimize the impacts of floods and droughts. Spatial and temporal characteristics of regional temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET) and dryness/wetness variation were investigated for the period from 2015 to 2100 under SSPs-RCPs in Northwest China. Results show that annual mean temperature, precipitation and PET are projected to increase during 2015–2100, with increases higher in the long-term (2081–2100) than the near-term (2021–2040) and mid-term (2041–2060). Increase rate under SSP5–8.5 and SSP3–7.0 will significantly higher than other scenarios. Relative to the reference period (1995–2014), annual SPEI12 is projected to show a decreasing trend during 2015–2100. Trend will decrease highest under SSP5–8.5 scenario whereas the lowest under SSP1–1.9 and SSP1–2.6 scenarios. The state of drought in Northwest China is near normal during the reference period, drought will significantly escalate and moderate and severe drought will dominate the most of Northwest China with the increase of radiative forcing under SSPs-RCPs during 2015–2100. SSP5–8.5 will have the largest drought area than other scenarios. Observation shows Northwest China characterized a warmer and humid trend during 1961–2014, while GCMs projected that Northwest China will experience significant dryness trend during 2015–2100 under SSPs-RCPs, and SSP3–7.0, SSP4–3.4, SSP4–6.0 and SSP5–8.5 scenarios will be much drier than SSP1–1.9, SSP1–2.6 and SSP2–4.5 scenarios.

ACS Style

Jiancheng Qin; Buda Su; Hui Tao; Yanjun Wang; Jinlong Huang; Zhenjie Li; Tong Jiang. Spatio-temporal variations of dryness/wetness over Northwest China under different SSPs-RCPs. Atmospheric Research 2021, 259, 105672 .

AMA Style

Jiancheng Qin, Buda Su, Hui Tao, Yanjun Wang, Jinlong Huang, Zhenjie Li, Tong Jiang. Spatio-temporal variations of dryness/wetness over Northwest China under different SSPs-RCPs. Atmospheric Research. 2021; 259 ():105672.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiancheng Qin; Buda Su; Hui Tao; Yanjun Wang; Jinlong Huang; Zhenjie Li; Tong Jiang. 2021. "Spatio-temporal variations of dryness/wetness over Northwest China under different SSPs-RCPs." Atmospheric Research 259, no. : 105672.

Original paper
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Meteorological Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The floods caused by the extreme precipitation in the Yangtze River basin (YRB) and Murray-Darling River basin (MDRB), the largest basins in China and Australia, have significant impacts on the society and regional economies. Based on the spatial-temporal analysis of the daily precipitation extremes (DPEs) during 1982–2016, we found that for both basins, the whole-basin-type DPEs have the highest proportion and a synchronous DPE interannual variation characteristic exists in the two basins, with the 3-yr running correlation coefficient of the annual DPE days (DPEDs) reaching almost 0.7 (significant at the 0.01 level). The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is one of the most significant climate disturbance factors in the world, plays an important role in modulating the variability of the DPEs in the two basins. Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis revealed that both the YRB and the MDRB’s whole-basin-type DPEs are closely coupled with the procedure that the preceding winter eastern Pacific (EP)-type El Niño faded to a central Pacific (CP)-type La Niña. This means that the DPEs in the YRB and MDRB may synchronously occur more frequently when the above process occurs. Owing to the atmosphere-ocean interaction from the east-west dipole sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern, the atmospheric circulation disturbance exhibits a pattern in which the equatorial eastern Pacific region is a mass source anomaly with a higher pressure, drier air, and weaker convection, while the equatorial western Pacific region is a mass sink anomaly with a lower pressure, wetter air, and stronger convection. Moreover, two wave trains that originated from the tropical western Pacific were found to extend to the YRB and MDRB. The interaction between the wave train’s interphase dynamics and water vapor transport disturbance results in the ascent conditions and enhanced water vapor transport, which leads to the synchronous occurrence of DPEs in the YRB and MDRB on an interannual scale.

ACS Style

Yu Gong; Tong Jiang; Buda Su; Jinlong Huang; Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz; Cheng Jing; Hemin Sun. Synchronous Characteristics of Precipitation Extremes in the Yangtze and Murray-Darling River Basins and the Role of ENSO. Journal of Meteorological Research 2021, 35, 282 -294.

AMA Style

Yu Gong, Tong Jiang, Buda Su, Jinlong Huang, Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz, Cheng Jing, Hemin Sun. Synchronous Characteristics of Precipitation Extremes in the Yangtze and Murray-Darling River Basins and the Role of ENSO. Journal of Meteorological Research. 2021; 35 (2):282-294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu Gong; Tong Jiang; Buda Su; Jinlong Huang; Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz; Cheng Jing; Hemin Sun. 2021. "Synchronous Characteristics of Precipitation Extremes in the Yangtze and Murray-Darling River Basins and the Role of ENSO." Journal of Meteorological Research 35, no. 2: 282-294.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Advances in Climate Change Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Adverse effects of extreme events are the major focus of climate change impact studies. Precipitation-related extremes has substantial socioeconomic impacts under the changing climate. Quantifying population exposure to precipitation extreme is the fundamental aspect of population risk assessments in the climate hotspot of Indus River Basin. This study investigates the population exposure to precipitation extremes at 1.5°C, 2°C, and 3°C global warmings in the Indus River Basin using daily precipitation data, and projected population under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The Intensity–Area–Duration method was applied to detect the extreme precipitation event by tracing the rainstorm process, calculated based on five downscaled and bias-corrected Global Climate Model (GCM) outputs from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5). The exposure of the population is finally estimated by combing SSP1 with 1.5°C, SSP2 with 2.0°C, and SSP5 with 3.0°C warming levels. Results show that warming over the Indus River Basin is projected to be higher than that of the global average. Both the extreme precipitation events and population exposure are projected to increase with warming level. With regard to the reference period (1986‒2005), the frequency, duration, and impacted area of extreme precipitation are projected to increase by 13.2%, 7.4%, and 1.6% annually under 1.5°C in the Indus River Basin, respectively. Whereas, an additional 0.5°C and 1.5°C warming can lead to further increase in the frequency of 16.6%, 17.3%, as well as the duration of 8.6%, 12%, and areal coverage of 2.1%, 5.3%, respectively. The population exposure to extreme precipitation is projected to increase by 72.4%, 122.7%, and 87.6%, respectively, at SSP1 with 1.5°C, SSP2 with 2°C and SSP5 with 3°C warming levels compare to the reference period. The demographic change is responsible more for the tremendous increment of population exposure in the Indus River Basin. If the population was held constant to the level of 2010, the increase of population exposure would be 4.4%, 8.8%, and 17.6%, respectively, at 1.5°C, 2°C, and 3°C warming levels. Spatially, the prominent increment of population exposure is projected in the central and southwestern Indus River Basin. This study highlights that limiting the increase of temperature to 1.5°C can substantially reduce population exposure to extreme precipitation events in the Indus River Basin, compared to an additional warming. Simultaneously, urge paid to formulate policies on population growth to reduce future exposure.

ACS Style

Jian-Ting Zhao; Bu-Da Su; Sanjit Kumar Mondal; Yan-Jun Wang; Hui Tao; Tong Jiang. Population exposure to precipitation extremes in the Indus River Basin at 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C and 3.0 °C warming levels. Advances in Climate Change Research 2021, 12, 199 -209.

AMA Style

Jian-Ting Zhao, Bu-Da Su, Sanjit Kumar Mondal, Yan-Jun Wang, Hui Tao, Tong Jiang. Population exposure to precipitation extremes in the Indus River Basin at 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C and 3.0 °C warming levels. Advances in Climate Change Research. 2021; 12 (2):199-209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jian-Ting Zhao; Bu-Da Su; Sanjit Kumar Mondal; Yan-Jun Wang; Hui Tao; Tong Jiang. 2021. "Population exposure to precipitation extremes in the Indus River Basin at 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C and 3.0 °C warming levels." Advances in Climate Change Research 12, no. 2: 199-209.

Research article
Published: 23 March 2021 in Frontiers of Earth Science
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Climate change significantly affects the environmental and socioeconomic conditions in northwest China. Here we evaluate the ability of five general circulation models (GCMs) from 6th phase of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP6) to reproduce regional temperature and precipitation over northwest China from 1961 to 2014, and project the future temperature and precipitation during 2021 to 2100 under SSPs-RCPs (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-3.4, SSP4-6.0 and SSP5-8.5). The results show that the CMIP6 models can simulate temperature better than precipitation. Projections show that the annual mean temperature will further increase under different SSPs-RCPs scenarios in the 21st century. Future climate changes in the near-term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060) and long-term (2081–2100) are analyzed relative to the reference period (1995–2014). In the long term, warming will be significantly higher than the near and mid-terms. In the long term, annual mean temperature will increase by 1.4°C, 1.9°C, 3.3°C, 5.5°C, 2.7°C, 3.8°C and 6.0°C under SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-3.4, SSP4-6.0 and SSP5-8.5, respectively. Spatially, warming in the Junggar Basin will be higher than those in the Tarim Basin. Seasonally, the maximum warming zone will be in the mountainous areas of Tarim Basin during spring and autumn, in the southern basin during winter, and in the east during summer. Precipitation shows an increasing trend under different SSPs-RCPs in the 21st century. In the long term, increase in precipitation will be significantly higher than in the near and mid-terms. Increase in annual precipitation in the long term will be 4.1% under SSP1-1.9, 13.9% under SSP1-2.6, 28.4% under SSP2-4.5, 35.2% under SSP3-7.0, 6.9% under SSP4-3.4, 8.9% under SSP4-6.0, and 27.3% under SSP5-8.5 relative to the reference period of 1995–2014. Spatially, precipitation increase will be higher in the south than the north, especially higher in mountainous regions than the basin under SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. Seasonally, highest increase can be expected for winter, followed by spring, with significant increase in mountainous regions of southern Tarim Basin. Summer precipitation will reduce in Tian Shan and basins but will significantly increase in the northern margin of the Kunlun Mountain.

ACS Style

Jiancheng Qin; Buda Su; Hui Tao; Yanjun Wang; Jinlong Huang; Tong Jiang. Projection of temperature and precipitation under SSPs-RCPs Scenarios over northwest China. Frontiers of Earth Science 2021, 15, 23 -37.

AMA Style

Jiancheng Qin, Buda Su, Hui Tao, Yanjun Wang, Jinlong Huang, Tong Jiang. Projection of temperature and precipitation under SSPs-RCPs Scenarios over northwest China. Frontiers of Earth Science. 2021; 15 (1):23-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiancheng Qin; Buda Su; Hui Tao; Yanjun Wang; Jinlong Huang; Tong Jiang. 2021. "Projection of temperature and precipitation under SSPs-RCPs Scenarios over northwest China." Frontiers of Earth Science 15, no. 1: 23-37.

Preprint content
Published: 16 March 2021
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Land evaporation (ET) plays a crucial role in hydrological and energy cycle. However, the widely used numerical products are still subject to great uncertainties due to imperfect model parameterizations and forcing data. Lack of available observed data has further complicated the estimation. Hence, there is an urgency to define the global benchmark land ET for climate-induced hydrology and energy change. In this study, we have used the coefficient of variation (CV) and carefully selected merging regions with high consistency of multiple data sets. Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) method has been used to generate a long-term (1980–2017) daily ET product with a spatial resolution of 0.25 degree by merging the selected three data sets, ERA5, GLDAS2 and MERRA2. GLEAM3.2a and flux tower observation data have been selected as the data for reference and evaluation, respectively. The results showed that the merged product performed well under a variety of vegetation cover conditions as the weights were distributed across the east-west direction banding manner, with greater differences near the equator. The merged product also captured well the trend of land evaporation over different areas, showing the significant decreasing trend in Amazon plain in South America and Congo Basin in central Africa, and the increasing trend in the east of North America, west of Europe, south of Asia and north of Oceania. In addition to model performance, REA method also successfully worked for the model convergence showing as an outstanding reference for data merging of other variables. Data can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4595941 (Lu et al., 2021).

ACS Style

Jiao Lu; Guojie Wang; Tiexi Chen; Shijie Li; Daniel Fiifi Tawia Hagan; Giri Kattel; Jian Peng; Tong Jiang; Buda Su. A Harmonized Global Land Evaporation Dataset from Reanalysis Products Covering 1980–2017. 2021, 2021, 1 -28.

AMA Style

Jiao Lu, Guojie Wang, Tiexi Chen, Shijie Li, Daniel Fiifi Tawia Hagan, Giri Kattel, Jian Peng, Tong Jiang, Buda Su. A Harmonized Global Land Evaporation Dataset from Reanalysis Products Covering 1980–2017. . 2021; 2021 ():1-28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiao Lu; Guojie Wang; Tiexi Chen; Shijie Li; Daniel Fiifi Tawia Hagan; Giri Kattel; Jian Peng; Tong Jiang; Buda Su. 2021. "A Harmonized Global Land Evaporation Dataset from Reanalysis Products Covering 1980–2017." 2021, no. : 1-28.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Drought has a substantial socioeconomic impact under the changing climate. The estimation of population exposure to drought could be the pivotal signal to predict future water scarcity in the climate hotspot of South Asia. This study examines the changing population exposure to drought across South Asia using 20 climate model ensembles from the latest CMIP6 and demographic data under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Underpinning the latest version of the IPCC 6th Assessment Report (AR6), this paper focuses on the 2021–2040 (near-term), 2041–2060 (mid-term), and 2081–2100 (long-term) periods to project population exposure changes relative to the reference period (1995–2014) under four SSP-RCP scenarios. Drought events are detected by adopting the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and run theory method. Model validation suggests that CMIP6-GCM performs well in projecting climate variables and capturing drought events. The results show that the projected increases in frequent drought events and affected areal coverage are stronger during the early part of the century and weaker at the end under all scenario combinations. In relative terms, the projected increase in the number of people exposed to drought is dominant (>1.5-fold) in the near-term and mid-term periods but decreases in the long-term period. Compared to the reference period, the leading increase in population exposure (2.3-fold) is projected under the newly designed gap scenario (SSP3–7.0) in the mid-term period. A surprising decline in the number of exposed populations was estimated to be 18.8% under SSP5–8.5 by the end of the century. The mitigating effect of the predicted heavy precipitation will decrease droughts in the late future. Spatially, increasing exposure will become more pronounced across India and Afghanistan. Furthermore, the population change effect is mainly responsible for the exposure changes in South Asia. However, this study strongly recommends future ‘plausible world’ regional rivalry pathways (SSP3) scenario-combinations into consideration for policymaking in regard to water management as well as migration planning over South Asia.

ACS Style

Sanjit Kumar Mondal; Jinlong Huang; Yanjun Wang; Buda Su; Jianqing Zhai; Hui Tao; Guojie Wang; Thomas Fischer; Shanshan Wen; Tong Jiang. Doubling of the population exposed to drought over South Asia: CMIP6 multi-model-based analysis. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 771, 145186 .

AMA Style

Sanjit Kumar Mondal, Jinlong Huang, Yanjun Wang, Buda Su, Jianqing Zhai, Hui Tao, Guojie Wang, Thomas Fischer, Shanshan Wen, Tong Jiang. Doubling of the population exposed to drought over South Asia: CMIP6 multi-model-based analysis. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 771 ():145186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanjit Kumar Mondal; Jinlong Huang; Yanjun Wang; Buda Su; Jianqing Zhai; Hui Tao; Guojie Wang; Thomas Fischer; Shanshan Wen; Tong Jiang. 2021. "Doubling of the population exposed to drought over South Asia: CMIP6 multi-model-based analysis." Science of The Total Environment 771, no. : 145186.

Original paper
Published: 03 January 2021 in Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Precipitation fluctuations are continuously threatening the environment and may cause huge economic losses. In present study, the precipitation over China has been evaluated under five principal shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) scenarios during 2015–2099 based on eight CMIP6 models bias-corrected by the method of Equidistant Cumulative Distribution Functions. The results showed that (1) the simulated precipitation in China was in good agreement with observed precipitation for the eight CMIP6 models during 1961–2014, especially for the UKESM1-0-LL and MIROC6. However, the simulated annual mean precipitation has been significantly overvalued in the Southwest River basin (> 50%), while it was undervalued in the higher elevations of the Northwest River basin (< − 60%); (2) the annual mean precipitation will show a fluctuating upward trend during 2015–2099 over China under all the SSPs scenarios for the eight CMIP6 models. The rate of precipitation increase over north China will be higher than that in south China, especially in the Northwest River basin (reach 57.44% in the 2090s under the SSP5-8.5 for the ensemble mean). This increase of the precipitation in north China might alleviate the shortage of water there, but will not change the pattern of more rain in the south and less in the north; (3) in the southeastern basins, the precipitation of the multi-model ensemble (MME) and MIROC6 during 2011–2020 will be lower than that of 1961–2010 (− 6.53 to − 0.06%) under all SSPs scenarios. While the precipitation will increase obviously under all the SSPs scenarios, especially for the SSP5-8.5 scenario after the year of 2060; (4) the bias of the MME was much lower than that of individual CMIP6 models, and the bias of lower SSPs scenarios will be relatively lower. Generally, uncertainty ranges of precipitation fluctuations in north China (15.31–79.26%) will be higher than those in south China (16.06–7.55%). These findings revealed the projections and uncertainties of CMIP6 precipitation over China, which will be helpful for a better understanding of the future evolution of precipitation in China at large scale and in other regions of the world.

ACS Style

Jiaxi Tian; Zengxin Zhang; Zeeshan Ahmed; Leying Zhang; Buda Su; Hui Tao; Tong Jiang. Projections of precipitation over China based on CMIP6 models. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 2021, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Jiaxi Tian, Zengxin Zhang, Zeeshan Ahmed, Leying Zhang, Buda Su, Hui Tao, Tong Jiang. Projections of precipitation over China based on CMIP6 models. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. 2021; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiaxi Tian; Zengxin Zhang; Zeeshan Ahmed; Leying Zhang; Buda Su; Hui Tao; Tong Jiang. 2021. "Projections of precipitation over China based on CMIP6 models." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment , no. : 1-18.

Article
Published: 24 November 2020 in Climatic Change
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Climate change has substantial impacts on regional hydrology in the major river basins. To figure out such latent hydrological impacts of changing climate, more reliable hydrological simulations are imperative. In this study, we evaluated the impacts of climate change on hydrological regime in the Upper Yangtze River Basin based on four downscaled and bias-corrected Global Climate Model outputs from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5) driving three hydrological models. Two model evaluation approaches were applied: simple and comprehensive. The comprehensive approach was used to evaluate models in the historical period, optimizing objective function at four gauges, and hydrological models were weighted for impact assessment based on their performance. In such a way, projected streamflow time series are obtained under different emission scenarios. Results show that the annual average discharge is projected to increase by 4.1–10.5% under the RCP scenarios at the end of twenty-first century relative to the reference period (1970–1999). Moreover, the high flow is projected to increase and the low flow to decrease indicating a higher probability of flood and drought occurrence in the basin. The severity of floods and droughts may increase. In comparison with the simple one-site model evaluation approach, the comprehensive method reveals that the anticipated extreme flow events would be less severe, and annual mean discharge slightly lower. The projected results imply that application of the comprehensive model evaluation approach could narrow the simulated spreads of projections significantly, and might provide more credible results.

ACS Style

Shanshan Wen; Buda Su; Yanjun Wang; Jianqing Zhai; Hemin Sun; Ziyan Chen; Jinlong Huang; Anqian Wang; Tong Jiang. Comprehensive evaluation of hydrological models for climate change impact assessment in the Upper Yangtze River Basin, China. Climatic Change 2020, 163, 1207 -1226.

AMA Style

Shanshan Wen, Buda Su, Yanjun Wang, Jianqing Zhai, Hemin Sun, Ziyan Chen, Jinlong Huang, Anqian Wang, Tong Jiang. Comprehensive evaluation of hydrological models for climate change impact assessment in the Upper Yangtze River Basin, China. Climatic Change. 2020; 163 (3):1207-1226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shanshan Wen; Buda Su; Yanjun Wang; Jianqing Zhai; Hemin Sun; Ziyan Chen; Jinlong Huang; Anqian Wang; Tong Jiang. 2020. "Comprehensive evaluation of hydrological models for climate change impact assessment in the Upper Yangtze River Basin, China." Climatic Change 163, no. 3: 1207-1226.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2020 in Atmosphere
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Using data from the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive Version 2 (IGRA2) and the Multi Model Ensemble (MME) of four global climate models (GCMs), named CanESM5, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MIROC6, and MRI-ESM2-0, within the framework of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we analyzed the changes in atmospheric total column water vapor (TCWV) over Central Asia in the future (2021–2100) under SSP-RCPs scenarios: SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-3.4, SSP4-6.0, and SSP5-8.5, relative to baseline period (1986–2005). Results showed that the annual mean TCWV from IGRA2 was consistent with the model output from 1979 to 2014 in Central Asia. Besides, the spatial distribution of TCWV in Central Asia during the baseline period was consistent between the models. The regional average value of Central Asia was between 10.8 mm and 12.4 mm, and decreased with elevation. TCWV will increase under different SSP-RCPs from 2021 to 2040, but showed different trends after 2040. It will increase under SSP1-1.9 and SSP1-2.6 scenarios from 2021 to 2050, and decrease after that. It will grow from 2021 to 2055 under SSP4-3.4 scenario, and then stay essentially constant. Under SSP2-4.5 and SSP4-6.0 scenarios, TCWV will rise rapidly during 2021–2065, but the growth will decline from 2065 to 2100. TCWV will continue to increase under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, and the largest increase is projected under SSP5-8.5 scenario. Change in near-surface temperature (Ts) matched the change in TCWV, but changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration are not significant during 2021–2100. In spite of the large variations in TCWV under different SSP-RCPs, the dominant characteristic in all scenarios shows that a large TCWV increase is demonstrated over areas with small TCWV amounts during the baseline period. On the contrary, increases will be small where the TCWV amounts had been large during the baseline period. The change in TCWV is highly correlated to the increase in Ts in Central Asia. Under SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-3.4, SSP4-6.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the higher the temperature due to higher radiative forcing, the steeper the regression slope between TCWV and Ts change. It is closest to the theoretical value of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, but not presented under other scenarios. Spatially, steeper regression slopes during 2021–2100 have been found around the Caspian Sea in the southwest and in the high-elevation areas in the southeast of Central Asia, which is likely related to the abundant local water supply for evaporation.

ACS Style

Zhenjie Li; Hui Tao; Heike Hartmann; Buda Su; Yanjun Wang; Tong Jiang. Variation of Projected Atmospheric Water Vapor in Central Asia Using Multi-Models from CMIP6. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 909 .

AMA Style

Zhenjie Li, Hui Tao, Heike Hartmann, Buda Su, Yanjun Wang, Tong Jiang. Variation of Projected Atmospheric Water Vapor in Central Asia Using Multi-Models from CMIP6. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (9):909.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenjie Li; Hui Tao; Heike Hartmann; Buda Su; Yanjun Wang; Tong Jiang. 2020. "Variation of Projected Atmospheric Water Vapor in Central Asia Using Multi-Models from CMIP6." Atmosphere 11, no. 9: 909.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2020 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In this study, an existing combination approach that maximizes temporal correlations is used to combine six passive microwave satellite soil moisture products from 1998 to 2015 to assess its added value in long-term applications. Five of the products used are included in existing merging schemes such as the European Space Agency’s essential climate variable soil moisture (ECV) program. These include the Special Sensor Microwave Imagers (SSM/I), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM/TMI), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) sensor on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Aqua satellite, the WindSAT radiometer, onboard the Coriolis satellite and the soil moisture retrievals from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) sensor onboard the Global Change Observation Mission on Water (GCOM-W). The sixth, the microwave radiometer imager (MWRI) onboard China’s Fengyun-3B (FY3B) satellite, is absent in the ECV scheme. Here, the normalized soil moisture products are merged based on their availability within the study period. Evaluation of the merged product demonstrated that the correlations and unbiased root mean square differences were improved over the whole period. Compared to ECV, the merged product from this scheme performed better over dense and sparsely vegetated regions. Additionally, the trends in the parent inputs are preserved in the merged data. Further analysis of FY3B’s contribution to the merging scheme showed that it is as dependable as the widely used AMSR2, as it contributed significantly to the improvements in the merged product.

ACS Style

Daniel Hagan; Guojie Wang; Seokhyeon Kim; Robert Parinussa; Yi Liu; Waheed Ullah; Asher Bhatti; Xiaowen Ma; Tong Jiang; Buda Su. Maximizing Temporal Correlations in Long-Term Global Satellite Soil Moisture Data-Merging. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 2164 .

AMA Style

Daniel Hagan, Guojie Wang, Seokhyeon Kim, Robert Parinussa, Yi Liu, Waheed Ullah, Asher Bhatti, Xiaowen Ma, Tong Jiang, Buda Su. Maximizing Temporal Correlations in Long-Term Global Satellite Soil Moisture Data-Merging. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (13):2164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Hagan; Guojie Wang; Seokhyeon Kim; Robert Parinussa; Yi Liu; Waheed Ullah; Asher Bhatti; Xiaowen Ma; Tong Jiang; Buda Su. 2020. "Maximizing Temporal Correlations in Long-Term Global Satellite Soil Moisture Data-Merging." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13: 2164.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2020 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) were designed to project future socioeconomic developments as they might unfold in the absence of explicit additional policies and measures to limit climate forcing or to enhance adaptive capacity. Based on the sixth national population census and the third economic census data of China in 2010, this paper projects the population and economic conditions of the Yangtze River basin from 2010 to 2100 under the SSPs. The results showed that: (1) the population growth rate in most areas of the Yangtze River basin will decrease from 2021 to 2100. The population of the eastern Sichuan Province will decrease obviously, while it will increase obviously in Shanghai during this period. The population of the Yangtze River basin will decline from 2010 to 2100 under the SSPs except for SSP3; (2) The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in most regions will increase by more than CNY 30 billion (Chinese Yuan) compared with 2010 and the total GDP will continue to rise after 2020; (3) The population of the three major urban agglomerations will decrease from 2020 to 2100. However, the GDP of the three major urban agglomerations will increase year by year, among which the YRDUA (Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration) has obvious economic advantages. The GDP growth rate will maintain above 6% in 2020 under different SSPs, and then the growth rate will slow down or stall, even with negative growth in SSP1 and SSP4; (4) The GDP Per of the Yangtze River basin shows growth under different SSPs and it will maintain a growth rate of 6–9% until 2020. While the average annual growth rate of the SSP5 will be about 2.56% at the end of the 21st century, and it will remain at about 1% under other scenarios. This paper provides a scientific basis for the study of future population and socioeconomic changes and climate predictions for quantifying disaster risks.

ACS Style

Min Zhu; Zengxin Zhang; Bin Zhu; Rui Kong; Fengying Zhang; Jiaxi Tian; Tong Jiang. Population and Economic Projections in the Yangtze River Basin Based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4202 .

AMA Style

Min Zhu, Zengxin Zhang, Bin Zhu, Rui Kong, Fengying Zhang, Jiaxi Tian, Tong Jiang. Population and Economic Projections in the Yangtze River Basin Based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Min Zhu; Zengxin Zhang; Bin Zhu; Rui Kong; Fengying Zhang; Jiaxi Tian; Tong Jiang. 2020. "Population and Economic Projections in the Yangtze River Basin Based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4202.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2020 in Earth's Future
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Droughts are major, large‐scale, weather‐driven natural disasters, on the rise in the changing climate. We project changing population exposure to drought in two vulnerable, adjacent, basins of large rivers, the Tarim River Basin (TRB) and the Indus River Basin (IRB), for the future horizon 2021‐2065. Drought events are assessed based on the outputs of multiple Global Climate Models, by applying the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the Intensity‐Area‐Duration method (IAD). Future population exposure to droughts is evaluated by combining the drought events under three RCP scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) with the projected population from Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), acknowledging the recent two‐child policy in China. Results show that frequency of drought events in both river basins could increase in the future, while increase in the TRB is stronger than in the IRB. The areal coverage of drought events in both river basins is projected to be greater in 2021‐2065 than in 1961‐2005. Increase of frequency and areal coverage in both basins is especially strong for the class of extreme drought events. According to the ensemble mean of multi‐GCMs, population exposure to droughts was 25.0% and 20.9% of the total population in the TRB and the IRB, respectively, in 1961‐2005, and it is projected to increase by over 60% for the TRB and to increase by over 30% for the IRB, in 2021‐2065.

ACS Style

Anqian Wang; Yanjun Wang; Buda Su; Zbigniew Kundzewicz; Hui Tao; Shanshan Wen; Jiancheng Qin; Yu Gong; Tong Jiang. Comparison of Changing Population Exposure to Droughts in River Basins of the Tarim and the Indus. Earth's Future 2020, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Anqian Wang, Yanjun Wang, Buda Su, Zbigniew Kundzewicz, Hui Tao, Shanshan Wen, Jiancheng Qin, Yu Gong, Tong Jiang. Comparison of Changing Population Exposure to Droughts in River Basins of the Tarim and the Indus. Earth's Future. 2020; 8 (5):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anqian Wang; Yanjun Wang; Buda Su; Zbigniew Kundzewicz; Hui Tao; Shanshan Wen; Jiancheng Qin; Yu Gong; Tong Jiang. 2020. "Comparison of Changing Population Exposure to Droughts in River Basins of the Tarim and the Indus." Earth's Future 8, no. 5: 1.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2020 in Atmospheric Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Droughts reflect the extent of water deficit on the land surface, and can be quantified by various indices. In current study, potential evapotranspiration (PET), which is one of factors that have great influence on the drought condition, is estimated by a set of models. The set consists of four temperature-decisive models (Hamon, Hargreaves-Samani, Oudin, Thornthwaite), two radiation-decisive models (Energy-Only and Priestley-Taylor) and two synthesis models (Penman and Penman-Monteith). Subsequently, Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is applied to assess the spatial and temporal distributions of droughts for the arid, the semi-arid and semi-humid, as well as the humid climatic zones in China for 1961–2017. The results show that: (1) Taking China as a whole, annual PET estimated by Penman-Monteith (P-M) formula is about 1000 mm, which is in the middle of the range of results from eight algorithms. Annual PET values estimated by radiation-decisive methods are relatively close to those obtained by P-M, while temperature-decisive methods yield lower values and the largest disparity among the different PET models can be up to 2.5 fold. (2) Comparing to drought records, both P-M and Thornthwaite are suitable for assessing drought condition on the national scale, but the drought assessed by the Thornthwaite method is worse than that by the P-M method in 1990–2017 when warming is faster than before in the arid region. (3) Increase first and then decrease of values of the SPEI index are detected in China for 1961–2017 by all PET estimations. Averaged over entire China, the wetting trend has changed to drying in the early 1990s by P-M-based SPEI. More meteorological stations are found to experience droughts after the early 1990s, particularly in the western humid region and the central semi-arid and semi-humid region. In contrast, a wetness tendency is found in the arid region. (4) Patterns of the drought frequency and duration by all PET algorithms maintain relatively good correspondence in the semi-arid and semi-humid region as well as the humid region. But in the arid region, drought frequency obtained by P-M is lower than for radiation-decisive and temperature-decisive models, while drought duration is longer.

ACS Style

Jian Zhou; Yanjun Wang; Buda Su; Anqian Wang; Hui Tao; Jianqing Zhai; Zbigniew Kundzewicz; Tong Jiang. Choice of potential evapotranspiration formulas influences drought assessment: A case study in China. Atmospheric Research 2020, 242, 104979 .

AMA Style

Jian Zhou, Yanjun Wang, Buda Su, Anqian Wang, Hui Tao, Jianqing Zhai, Zbigniew Kundzewicz, Tong Jiang. Choice of potential evapotranspiration formulas influences drought assessment: A case study in China. Atmospheric Research. 2020; 242 ():104979.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jian Zhou; Yanjun Wang; Buda Su; Anqian Wang; Hui Tao; Jianqing Zhai; Zbigniew Kundzewicz; Tong Jiang. 2020. "Choice of potential evapotranspiration formulas influences drought assessment: A case study in China." Atmospheric Research 242, no. : 104979.

Data description paper
Published: 17 February 2020 in Earth System Science Data
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The outputs of four global climate models (GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR and MIROC5), which were statistically downscaled and bias corrected, were used to drive four hydrological models (Hydrologiska Byråns, HBV; Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT; Soil and Water Integrated Model, SWIM; and Variable Infiltration Capacity, VIC) to simulate the daily discharge at the Cuntan hydrological station in the upper Yangtze River from 1861 to 2299. As the performances of hydrological models in various climate conditions could be different, the models were first calibrated in the period from 1979 to 1990. Then, the models were validated in the comparatively wet period, 1967–1978, and in the comparatively dry period, 1991–2002. A multi-objective automatic calibration programme using a univariate search technique was applied to find the optimal parameter set for each of the four hydrological models. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of daily discharge and the weighted least-squares function (WLS) of extreme discharge events, represented by high flow (Q10) and low flow (Q90), were included in the objective functions of the parameterization process. In addition, the simulated evapotranspiration results were compared with the GLEAM evapotranspiration data for the upper Yangtze River basin. For evaluating the performances of the hydrological models, the NSE, modified Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), ratio of the root-mean-square error to the standard deviation of the measured data (RSR) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) were used. The four hydrological models reach satisfactory simulation results in both the calibration and validation periods. In this study, the daily discharge is simulated for the upper Yangtze River under the preindustrial control (piControl) scenario without anthropogenic climate change from 1861 to 2299 and for the historical period 1861–2005 and for 2006 to 2299 under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The long-term daily discharge dataset can be used in the international context and water management, e.g. in the framework of Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) by providing clues to what extent human-induced climate change could impact streamflow and streamflow trend in the future. The datasets are available at: https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:8658b22a-8f98-4043-9f8f-d77684d58cbc (Gao et al., 2019).

ACS Style

Chao Gao; Buda Su; Valentina Krysanova; Qianyu Zha; Cai Chen; Gang Luo; Xiaofan Zeng; Jinlong Huang; Ming Xiong; Liping Zhang; Tong Jiang. A 439-year simulated daily discharge dataset (1861–2299) for the upper Yangtze River, China. Earth System Science Data 2020, 12, 387 -402.

AMA Style

Chao Gao, Buda Su, Valentina Krysanova, Qianyu Zha, Cai Chen, Gang Luo, Xiaofan Zeng, Jinlong Huang, Ming Xiong, Liping Zhang, Tong Jiang. A 439-year simulated daily discharge dataset (1861–2299) for the upper Yangtze River, China. Earth System Science Data. 2020; 12 (1):387-402.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chao Gao; Buda Su; Valentina Krysanova; Qianyu Zha; Cai Chen; Gang Luo; Xiaofan Zeng; Jinlong Huang; Ming Xiong; Liping Zhang; Tong Jiang. 2020. "A 439-year simulated daily discharge dataset (1861–2299) for the upper Yangtze River, China." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 1: 387-402.

Article
Published: 06 January 2020 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The countries throughout the Belt and Road region account for more than 60% of the world’s population and half of the global economy. Future changes in this area will have significant influences on the global economic growth, industrial structure and resource allocation. In this study, the proportion of the urban population to the total population and the gross domestic product were used to represent the levels of urbanization and economic development, respectively. The population, urbanization and economic levels of the Belt and Road countries for 2020–2050 were projected under the framework of the IPCC’s shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), and the following conclusions are drawn. (1) The population, urbanization and economic levels in the Belt and Road region will likely increase under all five pathways. The population will increase by 2%–8%/10a during 2020–2050 and reach 5.0–6.0 billion in 2050. Meanwhile, the urbanization rate will increase by 1.4%–7.5%/10a and reach 49%–75%. The GDP will increase by 17%–34%/10a and reach 134–243 trillion USD. (2) Large differences will appear under different scenarios. The SSP1 and SSP5 pathways demonstrate relatively high urbanization and economic levels, but the population size is comparatively smaller; SSP3 shows the opposite trend. Meanwhile, the economy develops slowly under SSP4, but it has a relatively high urbanization level, while SSP2 exhibits an intermediate trend. (3) In 2050, the population will increase relative to 2016 in most countries, and population size in the fastest growing country in Central Asia and the Middle East countries will be more than double. Urbanization will develop rapidly in South Asia, West Asia and Central Asia, and will increase by more than 150% in the fastest growing countries. The economy will grow fastest in South Asia, Southeast Asia and West Asia, and increase by more than 10 times in some counties with rapid economic development.

ACS Style

Cheng Jing; Hui Tao; Tong Jiang; Yanjun Wang; Jianqing Zhai; Lige Cao; Buda Su. Population, urbanization and economic scenarios over the Belt and Road region under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020, 30, 68 -84.

AMA Style

Cheng Jing, Hui Tao, Tong Jiang, Yanjun Wang, Jianqing Zhai, Lige Cao, Buda Su. Population, urbanization and economic scenarios over the Belt and Road region under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2020; 30 (1):68-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheng Jing; Hui Tao; Tong Jiang; Yanjun Wang; Jianqing Zhai; Lige Cao; Buda Su. 2020. "Population, urbanization and economic scenarios over the Belt and Road region under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways." Journal of Geographical Sciences 30, no. 1: 68-84.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2019 in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

To quantify climate change impact and difference on basin-scale river runoff under the limiting global warming thresholds of 1.5 and 2.0 ∘C, this study examined four river basins covering a wide hydroclimatic setting. We analyzed projected climate change in four basins, quantified climate change impact on annual and seasonal runoff based on the Soil Water Assessment Tool, and estimated the uncertainty constrained by the global circulation model (GCM) structure and the representative concentration pathways (RCPs). All statistics for the two river basins (the Shiyang River, SYR, and the Chaobai River, CBR) located in northern China indicated generally warmer and wetter conditions, whereas the two river basins (the Huaihe River, HHR, and the Fujiang River, FJR) located in southern China projected less warming and were inconsistent regarding annual precipitation change. The simulated changes in annual runoff were complex; however, there was no shift in seasonal runoff pattern. The 0.5 ∘C global warming difference resulted in 0.7 and 0.6 ∘C warming in basins in northern and southern China, respectively. This led to a projected precipitation increase by about 2 % for the four basins and to a decrease in simulated annual runoff of 8 % and 1 % in the SYR and the HHR, respectively, but to an increase of 4 % in the CBR and the FJR. The uncertainty in projected annual temperature was dominated by the GCMs or the RCPs; however, that of precipitation was constrained mainly by the GCMs. The 0.5 ∘C difference decreased the uncertainty in the annual precipitation projection and the annual and monthly runoff simulation.

ACS Style

Hongmei Xu; Lüliu Liu; Yong Wang; Sheng Wang; Ying Hao; JingJin Ma; Tong Jiang. Assessment of climate change impact and difference on the river runoff in four basins in China under 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2019, 23, 4219 -4231.

AMA Style

Hongmei Xu, Lüliu Liu, Yong Wang, Sheng Wang, Ying Hao, JingJin Ma, Tong Jiang. Assessment of climate change impact and difference on the river runoff in four basins in China under 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2019; 23 (10):4219-4231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongmei Xu; Lüliu Liu; Yong Wang; Sheng Wang; Ying Hao; JingJin Ma; Tong Jiang. 2019. "Assessment of climate change impact and difference on the river runoff in four basins in China under 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 10: 4219-4231.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2019 in Nature Communications
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The increase in surface air temperature in China has been faster than the global rate, and more high temperature spells are expected to occur in future. Here we assess the annual heat-related mortality in densely populated cities of China at 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming. For this, the urban population is projected under five SSPs, and 31 GCM runs as well as temperature-mortality relation curves are applied. The annual heat-related mortality is projected to increase from 32.1 per million inhabitants annually in 1986–2005 to 48.8–67.1 per million for the 1.5 °C warming and to 59.2–81.3 per million for the 2.0 °C warming, taking improved adaptation capacity into account. Without improved adaptation capacity, heat-related mortality will increase even stronger. If all 831 million urban inhabitants in China are considered, the additional warming from 1.5 °C to 2 °C will lead to more than 27.9 thousand additional heat-related deaths, annually. Heatwaves are expected to increase under climate change, and so are the associated deaths. Here the authors determine the regional high temperature thresholds for 27 metropolises in China and analyze the changes to heat-related mortality, showing that the additional global-warming temperature increase of 0.5°C, from 1.5°C to 2.0°C, will lead to tens of thousands of additional deaths, annually.

ACS Style

Yanjun Wang; Anqian Wang; Jianqing Zhai; Hui Tao; Tong Jiang; Buda Su; Jun Yang; Guojie Wang; Qiyong Liu; Chao Gao; Zbigniew Kundzewicz; Mingjin Zhan; Zhiqiang Feng; Thomas Fischer. Tens of thousands additional deaths annually in cities of China between 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming. Nature Communications 2019, 10, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Yanjun Wang, Anqian Wang, Jianqing Zhai, Hui Tao, Tong Jiang, Buda Su, Jun Yang, Guojie Wang, Qiyong Liu, Chao Gao, Zbigniew Kundzewicz, Mingjin Zhan, Zhiqiang Feng, Thomas Fischer. Tens of thousands additional deaths annually in cities of China between 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming. Nature Communications. 2019; 10 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanjun Wang; Anqian Wang; Jianqing Zhai; Hui Tao; Tong Jiang; Buda Su; Jun Yang; Guojie Wang; Qiyong Liu; Chao Gao; Zbigniew Kundzewicz; Mingjin Zhan; Zhiqiang Feng; Thomas Fischer. 2019. "Tens of thousands additional deaths annually in cities of China between 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming." Nature Communications 10, no. 1: 1-7.

Preprint content
Published: 12 July 2019 in Earth System Science Data Discussions
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The outputs of four Global Climate Models (GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR and MIROC5), which were statistically downscaled and bias corrected, were used to drive four hydrological models (HBV, SWAT, SWIM and VIC) to simulate the daily discharge at the Cuntan hydrological station in the upper Yangtze River from 1861 to 2299. As the performances of hydrological models in various climate conditions could be different, the models were first calibrated in the period from 1979 to 1990. Then, the models were validated in the wet period, 1967–1978, and in the dry period, 1991–2002. A multi-objective automatic calibration programme using a univariate search technique was applied to find the optimal parameter sets for each of the four hydrological models. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of daily discharge and the weighted least squares function (WLS) of extreme discharge events, represented by high flow (Q10) and low flow (Q90), were included in the objective functions of the parameterization process. In addition, the simulated evapotranspiration results were compared with evapotranspiration data from the GLEAM project for the upper Yangtze basin. For evaluating the performances of the hydrological models, the NSE, modified Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE), ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of the measured data (RSR) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) were used. The four hydrological models showed good performance in the calibration and validation periods. In this study, the daily runoff was simulated for the upper Yangtze River under the preindustrial control (piControl) scenario without anthropogenic climate change, from 1861–2299, for the historical period 1861–2005, and under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 scenarios in the period from 2006 to 2299. The long-term daily discharge datasets for the upper Yangtze River provide streamflow trends in the future and clues regarding to what extent human-induced climate change could impact streamflow. The datasets are available at the https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:8658b22a-8f98-4043-9f8f-d77684d58cbc website.

ACS Style

Chao Gao; Buda Su; Valentina Krysanova; Qianyu Zha; Cai Chen; Gang Luo; Xiaofan Zeng; Jinlong Huang; Min Xiong; Liping Zhang; Tong Jiang. A 439-year daily discharge dataset (1861–2299) for the upper Yangtze River, China. Earth System Science Data Discussions 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Chao Gao, Buda Su, Valentina Krysanova, Qianyu Zha, Cai Chen, Gang Luo, Xiaofan Zeng, Jinlong Huang, Min Xiong, Liping Zhang, Tong Jiang. A 439-year daily discharge dataset (1861–2299) for the upper Yangtze River, China. Earth System Science Data Discussions. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chao Gao; Buda Su; Valentina Krysanova; Qianyu Zha; Cai Chen; Gang Luo; Xiaofan Zeng; Jinlong Huang; Min Xiong; Liping Zhang; Tong Jiang. 2019. "A 439-year daily discharge dataset (1861–2299) for the upper Yangtze River, China." Earth System Science Data Discussions , no. : 1.

Review article
Published: 05 July 2019 in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The present paper examines flood risk (composed of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability) in a range of spatial perspectives – from the global to the local scale. It deals with observed records, noting that flood damage has been increasing. It also tackles projections for the future, related to flood hazard and flood losses. There are multiple factors driving flood hazard and flood risk and there is a considerable uncertainty in our assessments, and particularly in projections for the future. Further, this paper analyses options for flood risk reduction in several spatial dimensions, from global framework to regional to local scales. It is necessary to continue examination of the updated records of flood-related indices, trying to search for changes that influence flood hazard and flood risk in river basins.

ACS Style

Zbigniew Kundzewicz; Buda Su; Yanjun Wang; Guojie Wang; Guofu Wang; Jinlong Huang; Tong Jiang. Flood risk in a range of spatial perspectives – from global to local scales. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2019, 19, 1319 -1328.

AMA Style

Zbigniew Kundzewicz, Buda Su, Yanjun Wang, Guojie Wang, Guofu Wang, Jinlong Huang, Tong Jiang. Flood risk in a range of spatial perspectives – from global to local scales. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2019; 19 (7):1319-1328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zbigniew Kundzewicz; Buda Su; Yanjun Wang; Guojie Wang; Guofu Wang; Jinlong Huang; Tong Jiang. 2019. "Flood risk in a range of spatial perspectives – from global to local scales." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 7: 1319-1328.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2019 in Advances in Water Resources
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Despite massive flood protection efforts in China, undertaken since the ancient times, disastrous floods continue to plague the country. In this paper, we discuss changes in flood hazard and flood risk in China. First, we review published results (including our own works) on change detection in observed records of intense precipitation, high river flow and flood damage in China. We provide information on essential features of extreme floods in last decades - floods on large rivers, urban floods, and flash floods. Next, we review available projections for the future (including our own results), related to intense precipitation, high river flow and flood damage in China. We try to interpret the difference in flood hazard projections obtained in various publications. Since the spread of river flood hazard projections is large, projections have to be interpreted with caution, because of the impact on decisions related to climate change adaptation, flood risk reduction, and water resources management. We review flood risk reduction strategies in China, focusing on the present situation and division of responsibilities. China has embarked upon an ambitious and vigorous task to improve flood preparedness, by both structural (“hard”) defences, such as: dikes, dams and flood control reservoirs, and diversions, as well as non-structural (“soft”) measures: spatial planning and zoning; watershed management (source control), flood forecasting and warning systems; and awareness raising. The strategy of flood mitigation includes flood retention and urban water management to alleviate the burden of flash and urban flooding.

ACS Style

Zw Kundzewicz; Buda Su; Yanjun Wang; Jun Xia; Jinlong Huang; Tong Jiang. Flood risk and its reduction in China. Advances in Water Resources 2019, 130, 37 -45.

AMA Style

Zw Kundzewicz, Buda Su, Yanjun Wang, Jun Xia, Jinlong Huang, Tong Jiang. Flood risk and its reduction in China. Advances in Water Resources. 2019; 130 ():37-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zw Kundzewicz; Buda Su; Yanjun Wang; Jun Xia; Jinlong Huang; Tong Jiang. 2019. "Flood risk and its reduction in China." Advances in Water Resources 130, no. : 37-45.