Considering the particular physical geography and shipping status of the Strait, it is urgent to strengthen the management of maritime traffic, of which the establishment of PSSA and implementation of relevant management practices is an effective means for the prevention of marine accident and marine pollution. The Strait, which satisfies the requirements and a series of standards and procedures set by IMO for the establishment of PSSA, makes it possible to apply for various traffic management measures including traffic separation schemes-the traffic separation schemes would regulate ship's navigation in the Strait; the establishment of evasion area or the adoption of compulsory pilotage in Taiwan shoals and the Penghu Islands would minimize adverse the ecological environment and ensure the safety navigation of the vessels; the speed up in the implementation or perfection of VTS and SRS or the effective monitor and information exchange of vessels would guarantee the implementation of traffic management measures feasible.

Under Sustainable Development Goal 17 (SDG 17) and related strategies, small island states (SISs) have gradually moved from commitment to practice in terms of international cooperation on climate change governance in an era of polycrisis; therefore, there is a need to analyze past progress, current trends, and future developments in this field. Through bibliometric analysis, this study analyzes academic trends in international cooperation for SISs with regard to climate change adaptation and mitigation. It then evaluates the main features of the selected publications from the perspective of SDG 17 implementation. The major dimensions of SDG 17 discussed in the relevant literature include capacity building, finance and trade, technology, and systemic issues. Key SDG 17 targets, such as partnership building, technology transfer, climate finance, and data capacity enhancement, are addressed in the existing research. Relatively little attention has been paid to institutional coupling mechanisms, long-term cooperation, policy autonomy, and interdisciplinary integration. Future actions should be based on the development of cooperation mechanisms, the construction of regional collaborative networks, the localization of technology, the effectiveness of long-term capacity building, and the integration of data and policies. Furthermore, it is necessary to explore sustainable and replicable models of international cooperation, and to improve the framework for mapping research to SDG 17 targets.