Cerca de dois terços do território nacional está situado na faixa tropical do planeta, onde predomina elevada temperatura e radiação solar, podendo ultrapassar a zona de conforto dos animais, levando ao estresse térmico, e consequentemente afetando a produção e a qualidade do leite, principalmente em vacas de alta produção, devido a serem mais sensíveis ao calor e terem maior dificuldade em dissipá-lo. Assim, o objetivo dessa revisão foi abordar os principais impactos relacionados ao estresse térmico na produção de leite e alguns fatores que podem ser utilizados para minimizar essas condições. Para controlar os efeitos do estresse térmico o produtor pode fazer uso de algumas estratégias de manejo ambiental, nutricional e sistema de resfriamento. O uso de alguns métodos como o sombreamento natural e artificial, dieta com menor incremento calórico, e uso de sistemas como ventilador, aspersor e painel evaporativo podem se mostrar eficientes para animais que estão submetidos ao calor. Desde modo, conclui-se que o estresse térmico causa vários problemas aos rebanhos leiteiros e quando identificado, podemos controlar seus efeitos e minimizar as perdas econômicas. Vários métodos para controlar o efeito do estresse térmico se mostraram eficientes, porém a escolha do método adequado depende do seu custo benefício e das características especificas de cada propriedade.

This study aimed to evaluate intake, energy and nitrogen balance as well as methane emission in Holstein and 1/2 Holstein 1/2 Gyr (Girolando-F1) cows during the transition period. Twenty-four cows (12 Holstein and 12 Girolando-F1) were used to evaluate feed intake, apparent digestibility, heat production and methane emission, carried out in two periods: from 28 to 19 days pre-calving and from 15 to 23 days post-calving. A completely randomised design was used and data were analysed by ANOVA within periods (pre- and post-calving) considering the main effect of genetic groups. Girolando-F1cows presented greater body condition score (BCS) compared with Holstein. During pre-calving, there were no differences between genetic groups, except for highest heat production per kilogram of metabolic body weight for Holstein cows. After calving, Holstein cows had greater intake of DM, nitrogen, NDF per kg of BW and produced more heat per kg of metabolic body weight. Holstein cows yielded more milk and fat-corrected milk (FCM4%) compared with Girolando-F1 cows. Holstein cows presented higher methane emission per unit of BW and of metabolic weight. Emissions of enteric methane per kilogram of milk and per kilogram of FCM4% tended to be lower for Holstein compared with Girolando-F1 cows. Nitrogen and energy retention were similar for both Holstein and Girolando-F1 at pre- and post-calving. Despite differences in BCS, DMI, and milk yield, Girolando-F1 and Holstein cows present overall similar energy efficiency, albeit Holstein cows tended to present less methane emission per kg of eligible product (milk).

Rural tourism has emerged as a tool capable of “reviving” and promoting rural areas, generating sufficient conditions to combat aspects such as poverty and rural exodus, through the generation of employment and income, appreciation of local products, among others. In this scenario, wine tourism also gains space, raised as a strategy to promote the territory and the wine sector. However, when not properly planned and coordinated, wine tourism can bring considerable negative impacts, especially to resident populations. Thus, the present work aimed to identify the role of wine tourism in the Sustainable Territorial Development of Vale dos Vinhedos, based on the analysis of territorial indicators and the perceptions of residents, entrepreneurs, and key actors in the territory. In view of this, the main contributions of wine tourism in the generation of socioeconomic benefits were observed, in the presence of its negative impacts, as well as the main conflicts manifested through the expansion of wine tourism practice in Vale dos Vinhedos. Rural tourism has emerged as a tool capable of “reviving” and promoting rural areas, generatingsufficient conditions to combat aspects such as poverty and rural exodus, through the generationof employment and income, appreciation of local products, among others. In this scenario, winetourism also gains space, raised as a strategy to promote the territory and the wine sector. However,when not properly planned and coordinated, wine tourism can bring considerable negative impacts,especially to resident populations. Thus, the present work aimed to identify the role of wine tourismin the Sustainable Territorial Development of Vale dos Vinhedos, based on the analysis of territorialindicators and the perceptions of residents, entrepreneurs, and key actors in the territory. In viewof this, the main contributions of wine tourism in the generation of socioeconomic benefits wereobserved, in the presence of its negative impacts, as well as the main conflicts manifested through theexpansion of wine tourism practice in Vale dos Vinhedos.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carcass and meat of Dorper x Santa Ines crossbred lambs finished in a silvopastoral system, pasture or feedlot. Twenty-four non-castrated male lambs were used (8 animals in each production system). The experimental design was completely randomized, with three production systems and eight replications. The production systems were: pasture of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruana, without shading + feed supplementation (Pasture); pasture of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruana, with natural shading provided by the native laurel tree (Cordia trichotoma) + feed supplementation (Silvopastoral) and feedlot. The cold carcass weight, empty body weight, cold carcass yield, fat color, fat consistency and carcass compactness index showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between production systems, with higher values observed in the feedlot. The shoulder weight and the percentage of shoulder components (bones, muscle, fat and others), did not significantly differ (P > 0.05) between production systems. The pasture silvopastoral systems presented similar results and also, when contrasted with the feedlot system, did not influence the parameters related to meat. Feedlot provided better quantitative and qualitative characteristics to the lambs’ carcassess.