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Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) or EfS, is a concept developed to systematically understand and change education systems promoting and galvanizing sustainability within the minds, hearts and actions of future generations. Qatar, being a small rentier country dependent on oil/gas revenues for its recent economic and social development, aims to achieve sustainable development as part of its national vision. Believing in the power of education to reverse-engineer the recurring environmental, social and economic challenges, this state has forged a partnership with the UNESCO office in Doha to adopt all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and to promote for ESD across the K-12 levels and curricula. This is enshrined in the belief that such promotion would help evolve students’ higher thinking skills and mindfulness towards their surroundings. Yet, a holistic and strategic approach to integrating ESD and SDGs in the public K-12 institutions and curricula is still lacking and mostly underreported. Given this concern, the goal of this review paper is threefold. First, using a systematic quantitative literature review approach, it draws on previous studies to examine the notion of globalization in education and to investigate different curricula models from multiple countries such as Oman, UK, US, and China amongst others, focusing on two case studies: Singapore and New Zealand, from the basis of embedding sustainability values in their respective curricula. In a second step, the review provides an account on the contemporary Qatar Education System (QES) and its recent reforms as well as its attempts to integrate SDGs and ESD in K-12 curricula. Finally, after exhibiting socioeconomic similarities and the several bilateral education agreements that exist between the two aforementioned cases and the State of Qatar, a handful of potential suggestions to embed SDGs and ESD values in the existing curriculum of Qatar is provided.
Mariem Fekih Zguir; Sana Dubis; Muammer Koç. Embedding Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and SDGs values in curriculum: A comparative review on Qatar, Singapore and New Zealand. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 319, 128534 .
AMA StyleMariem Fekih Zguir, Sana Dubis, Muammer Koç. Embedding Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and SDGs values in curriculum: A comparative review on Qatar, Singapore and New Zealand. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 319 ():128534.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariem Fekih Zguir; Sana Dubis; Muammer Koç. 2021. "Embedding Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and SDGs values in curriculum: A comparative review on Qatar, Singapore and New Zealand." Journal of Cleaner Production 319, no. : 128534.
The oil and gas industry generates a significant amount of harmful greenhouse gases that cause irreversible environmental impact; this fact is exacerbated by the world’s utter dependence on fossil fuels as a primary energy source and low-efficiency oil and gas operation plants. Integration of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) into natural gas plants can enhance their operational efficiencies and reduce emissions. However, a systematic analysis of the life cycle impacts of SOFC integration in natural gas operations is necessary to quantitatively and comparatively understand the potential benefits. This study presents a systematic cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) based on the ISO 14040 and 14044 standards using a planar anode-supported SOFC with a lifespan of ten years and a functional unit of one MW electricity output. The analysis primarily focused on global warming, acidification, eutrophication, and ozone potentials in addition to human health particulate matter and human toxicity potentials. The total global warming potential (GWP) of a 1 MW SOFC for 10 years in Qatar conditions is found to be 2,415,755 kg CO2 eq., and the greenhouse gas (GHG) impact is found to be higher during the operation phase than the manufacturing phase, rating 71% and 29%, respectively.
Khalid Al-Khori; Sami Al-Ghamdi; Samir Boulfrad; Muammer Koç. Life Cycle Assessment for Integration of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells into Gas Processing Operations. Energies 2021, 14, 4668 .
AMA StyleKhalid Al-Khori, Sami Al-Ghamdi, Samir Boulfrad, Muammer Koç. Life Cycle Assessment for Integration of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells into Gas Processing Operations. Energies. 2021; 14 (15):4668.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhalid Al-Khori; Sami Al-Ghamdi; Samir Boulfrad; Muammer Koç. 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment for Integration of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells into Gas Processing Operations." Energies 14, no. 15: 4668.
In Qatar, one out of every ten patients admitted to the hospitals is in urgent need of a blood transfusion or blood products. The aims of this study are as follows: (1) to assess the level of awareness and knowledge about blood donation and (2) to identify the factors that contribute to the willingness to donate blood among young adults. A cross-sectional survey using a constructed questionnaire was conducted among students at Qatar University. A total of 590 responses were collected, out of which 423 were suitable for analysis. Only 72 out of 472 (15%) participants were blood donors. The chi-square test and t-test were then used to study the association of blood donation status with different factors. Significant values were considered to be p ≤ 0.5. Gender and age were found to be significantly associated with blood donation status, with a higher frequency of donation among males and adults above the age of 24 years old. On the other hand, the total knowledge score was found to not be significantly associated with blood donation status with a mean score of 60.5% for both groups (blood donors, non-blood donors). The most common motivators that encouraged blood donors were donating to help people, followed by having a blood mobile unit come to your place, whereas the most common barriers reported by non-blood donors were failing to meet the requirements, followed by “never having been asked to give blood”. This is the first study in Qatar to assess blood donation status. It provides insights that would help in developing effective strategies for the recruitment and retention of young adult blood donors in Qatar and countries with similar cultures. Raising awareness about blood donation, along with providing more mobile blood donation units at public places, will aid in increasing the frequency of blood donation among young adults.
Amal Ibrahim; Muammer Koç; Atiyeh Abdallah. Knowledge Level, Motivators and Barriers of Blood Donation among Students at Qatar University. Healthcare 2021, 9, 926 .
AMA StyleAmal Ibrahim, Muammer Koç, Atiyeh Abdallah. Knowledge Level, Motivators and Barriers of Blood Donation among Students at Qatar University. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (8):926.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmal Ibrahim; Muammer Koç; Atiyeh Abdallah. 2021. "Knowledge Level, Motivators and Barriers of Blood Donation among Students at Qatar University." Healthcare 9, no. 8: 926.
Water and electricity have a unique relationship in the modern world as one requires the other in a complex system of networks to supply the utility to the customers. This energy–water interaction is especially peculiar in the Gulf Cooperation Council, where there are limited water resources, but extremely high use rates. Qatar provides a unique case in terms of extreme water scarcity and excessive water use. To understand the intricate network, this paper establishes an updated and comprehensive qualitative model of the water system in the country with the help of a water balance and system dynamics (causal loop diagram) methodology. Regression estimates are then used to estimate future water and energy consumption in addition to carbon dioxide emissions until the year 2050. Finally, system dynamics (stock and flow diagram) is used to determine the supply impacts of efficiency policies including limiting of groundwater abstraction to only 50 million m3, reduction of water consumption in the household, commercial and industrial sector by 10%, and gradual increase in the share of reverse osmosis (RO)-produced desalinated water to 50% in order to assess the supply volume, electricity consumption and CO2 emissions. The efficient use of water in different sectors of the economy results in a combined saving of 1222 GWh (8.1%) or 594,000 tons CO2. Furthermore, by moving to membrane-based desalination technology energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by 3672 GWh (24.3%) and 1.8 million tons CO2, respectively. Further results suggest that while replacing groundwater with desalinated water can increase the energy consumption significantly, reuse of treated wastewater has almost the same footprint as groundwater, but can increase the resilience of the system considerably as groundwater abstraction levels are lowered to their renewal rates.
Athar Kamal; Sami Al-Ghamdi; Muammer Koç. Assessing the Impact of Water Efficiency Policies on Qatar’s Electricity and Water Sectors. Energies 2021, 14, 4348 .
AMA StyleAthar Kamal, Sami Al-Ghamdi, Muammer Koç. Assessing the Impact of Water Efficiency Policies on Qatar’s Electricity and Water Sectors. Energies. 2021; 14 (14):4348.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAthar Kamal; Sami Al-Ghamdi; Muammer Koç. 2021. "Assessing the Impact of Water Efficiency Policies on Qatar’s Electricity and Water Sectors." Energies 14, no. 14: 4348.
Polymer nanocomposites have attracted increasing interest in research and development with several current and potential industrial applications due to their wide margin of superiority over conventional materials. Polymer composites provide a higher strength-to-weight ratio, easily customizable product properties, flexible manufacturing processes, high resistance to corrosion or erosion, and lower cost. The recent progress in additive manufacturing (AM) methods has paved the way for even a broader range of flexibilities in design and materials in several industrial sectors, including aerospace, biomedical, construction, electronics, telecommunication, mechanical, and defense. However, some hindrances remain in the synthesis of polymer composites and their fabrication through AM technologies. A comparative review of AM processes for polymer composites and their applications is presented in this study. This study aims to provide engineers and scientists with an updated understanding of the underlying issues, barriers, limitations, and opportunities. It will also help the reader to systematically reveal the research problems and future directions related to materials synthesis and AM processes.
Ans Al Rashid; Shoukat Alim Khan; Sami G. Al-Ghamdi; Muammer Koç. Additive manufacturing of polymer nanocomposites: Needs and challenges in materials, processes, and applications. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2021, 14, 910 -941.
AMA StyleAns Al Rashid, Shoukat Alim Khan, Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, Muammer Koç. Additive manufacturing of polymer nanocomposites: Needs and challenges in materials, processes, and applications. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2021; 14 ():910-941.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAns Al Rashid; Shoukat Alim Khan; Sami G. Al-Ghamdi; Muammer Koç. 2021. "Additive manufacturing of polymer nanocomposites: Needs and challenges in materials, processes, and applications." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 14, no. : 910-941.
The interaction avenues, levels, and impacts between parents, schools and teachers have changed drastically due to the ever-increasing responsibilities, frequent and rapid changes in the curriculum, the invasive dominance of the internet and digital media in the lives of all stakeholders, and the digitization of learning materials, to name a few. This pilot study follows a design-thinking approach to investigate the current practices, needs, and challenges of parental involvement in public schools in Qatar to improve student achievements towards sustainable living and habits by identifying problems, developing solutions, and improving student achievement in conjunction with all local and relevant stakeholders. To this end, building on extensive and comparative studies on theories, models, and best practices within and outside the selected domain, a qualitative study is conducted to obtain insight from local teachers and parents in preparatory public schools. The grounded theory method is employed to analyze the data via the qualitative coding technique. The results indicate that parental involvement practices in Qatar public schools occur in different forms, including home-based and school-based learning. Furthermore, while almost all parents recognize the significance of parental involvement and show a high level of interest in being on the ‘Board of Trustees’, in reality, very few participate or volunteer in school activities, and they rarely visit classrooms or interact with teachers or schools, mainly due to their increasing job-related commitments. In addition, the majority of parents indicate the need for additional flexibility in communication with the school to increase their involvement. Meanwhile, the teachers highlight the significant lack of parental involvement in understanding, overcoming and improving student achievement in both academic subjects and sustainable living habits and actions. The study outlines a few key suggestions to overcome these challenges and improve the parent-teacher-school (PTS) partnership, including offering mandatory parenting classes, developing and implementing effective communication mechanisms to facilitate parent-school interactions, and involving parents in decision-making process relating to their children and other school-related activities. Despite the sampling limitation, this study’s findings represent a starting point for understanding the needs of PTS partnerships, current practices of parental involvement, and mechanisms to improve their contribution to Qatar’s schools.
Maryam Al-Hail; Luluwah Al-Fagih; Muammer Koç. Partnering for Sustainability: Parent-Teacher-School (PTS) Interactions in the Qatar Education System. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6639 .
AMA StyleMaryam Al-Hail, Luluwah Al-Fagih, Muammer Koç. Partnering for Sustainability: Parent-Teacher-School (PTS) Interactions in the Qatar Education System. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6639.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaryam Al-Hail; Luluwah Al-Fagih; Muammer Koç. 2021. "Partnering for Sustainability: Parent-Teacher-School (PTS) Interactions in the Qatar Education System." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6639.
The multi effect desalination (MED) plant comprises of horizontal tube falling evaporators with the operational range of 40°C – 65°C, and can accommodate 8 – 10 evaporators/effects. The operating temperature range is limited by scale formation and condenser temperature. With the recent advances in antiscalants and vapor compression systems, the higher limit can be increased up to 85°C, and the lower limit can be reduced to 5°C. Therefore, more evaporators can be used to augment the amount of desalinated water, and the thermal performance of evaporators for a broader range needs to be assessed. In this study, the heat transfer coefficient at inlet temperatures of 85°C and 5°C, and different liquid loads, are numerically estimated. For this purpose, a two-dimensional CFD model is developed and validated. The computed results demonstrate that the heat transfer coefficient at the impact point is the highest that decreases with the angular position of the tube. The recirculations in the impingement zone enhance the heat transfer because of better mixing. At Ti = 85°C, the heat transfer performance is better due to lower film thickness, recirculations, and broad thermal developing region. For a liquid load of Γ1/2 = 0.09 kg/(m•s), the heat transfer coefficient at Ti = 85°C is 43.5 % higher as compared to that of at Ti = 5°C. Furthermore, the higher operating temperature limit should be increased instead of decreasing operating temperature for improved heat transfer performance.
Furqan Tahir; Abdelnasser Mabrouk; Muammer Koç. Heat Transfer Coefficient Estimation of Falling Film for Horizontal Tube Multi-Effect Desalination Evaporator Using CFD. International Journal of Thermofluids 2021, 11, 100101 .
AMA StyleFurqan Tahir, Abdelnasser Mabrouk, Muammer Koç. Heat Transfer Coefficient Estimation of Falling Film for Horizontal Tube Multi-Effect Desalination Evaporator Using CFD. International Journal of Thermofluids. 2021; 11 ():100101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFurqan Tahir; Abdelnasser Mabrouk; Muammer Koç. 2021. "Heat Transfer Coefficient Estimation of Falling Film for Horizontal Tube Multi-Effect Desalination Evaporator Using CFD." International Journal of Thermofluids 11, no. : 100101.
The commercial availability of 3D printers for continuous fiber-reinforced 3D-printed (CFR3DP) composites has attracted researchers to evaluate the thermomechanical properties of these materials. The improvement of strength through chopped or continuous fiber reinforcements in polymers could provide remarkable results, and its exploration can provide broad applications in several industries. The evaluation of mechanical properties of these materials at elevated temperatures is vital for their utilization in severe operating conditions. This study provides insight into the effect of different fiber reinforcements (Kevlar, fiberglass, and high-strength high-temperature fiberglass) and temperatures on the creep and recovery behavior of CFR3DP Onyx composites. Experimental results were also compared with analytical models, i.e., Burger’s model and Weibull distribution function, for creep and recovery. Results from analytical models agreed well with experimental results for all the materials and temperatures. A significant drop in maximum and residual strains was observed due to the introduction of fibers. However, the creep resistance of all the materials was affected at higher temperatures. Minimum creep strain was observed for Onyx-FG at 120 °C; however, at the same temperature, the minimum residual strain was observed for Onyx-KF. Based on the analytical models and experimental results, the role of fiber reinforcements on the improvement of creep and recovery performance is also discussed.
Ans Al Rashid; Muammer Koҫ. Creep and Recovery Behavior of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced 3DP Composites. Polymers 2021, 13, 1644 .
AMA StyleAns Al Rashid, Muammer Koҫ. Creep and Recovery Behavior of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced 3DP Composites. Polymers. 2021; 13 (10):1644.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAns Al Rashid; Muammer Koҫ. 2021. "Creep and Recovery Behavior of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced 3DP Composites." Polymers 13, no. 10: 1644.
3D printing (3DP) processes have evolved from simple prototyping for visual inspection purposes to functional product manufacturing that offers flexibility, customization, scalability, reliability, durability, and relatively high speed. These processes have been successfully applied to the biomedical field by unraveling previously inaccessible freedom layers, such as increased design complexity. Bioprinting is one of the 3DP processes that has helped develop more advanced research-specific experimental tools and patient-specific therapeutic approaches. Given ongoing research progress in this field, a comprehensive review of existing achievements is vital. This review aims to present recent advances in 3DP processes with a particular focus on bioprinting. This study presents the history and development of bioprinting processes, the material developments in this field, and their applications. The selected bioprinting applications in the fabrication of 3D tissue-engineered constructs for bone, osteochondral, skin, and cardiac reconstruction are presented to demonstrate its potential in the further advancement of this multidisciplinary field of research and development.
Bengi Yilmaz; Ans Al Rashid; Younss Ait Mou; Zafer Evis; Muammer Koç. Bioprinting: A review of processes, materials and applications. Bioprinting 2021, 23, e00148 .
AMA StyleBengi Yilmaz, Ans Al Rashid, Younss Ait Mou, Zafer Evis, Muammer Koç. Bioprinting: A review of processes, materials and applications. Bioprinting. 2021; 23 ():e00148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBengi Yilmaz; Ans Al Rashid; Younss Ait Mou; Zafer Evis; Muammer Koç. 2021. "Bioprinting: A review of processes, materials and applications." Bioprinting 23, no. : e00148.
The built environment defines humankind’s daily lives, sophistication, efficiency, and effectiveness. Despite this, its primary industry, construction—which transforms the built environment into a reality and an operation—remains in need of more efficient, innovative, and sustainable strategies, technologies, and instruments. The incorporation of digital fabrication into 3D printing (3DP) technology offers an entirely different and expanded freedom of geometry, functionality, materials, savings, efficiency, and effectiveness. For the inherent potential of 3DP technology, its sustainability assessment and potential contributions should be explored systematically to shed light on future applications and further innovations. This study presents a systematic review of the sustainability potential, assessments, and challenges of 3DP concrete for built environment applications. A comprehensive and comparative review of related literature is performed to identify the current trends and research gaps and recommend reducing or eliminating the energy and environmental footprints and the socio-economic impact. The study concludes that, in terms of documented global warming potential (GWP) values, 3DP technology appears to be a promising alternative to conventional construction and concrete use. A life cycle analysis (LCA) is recorded that is meant to be widely used as an assessment tool for environmental and energy assessment in digital fabrication technology, leaving an integrated review, including social and economic aspects, understudied. The 3DP concrete technology has unlimited potential in terms of material flexibility, savings, labour’s cost, design flexibility, and operation agility. Besides, researchers intend on introducing unconventional and locally available materials to increase the sustainability of 3DP technology in construction.
Shoukat Alim Khan; Muammer Koç; Sami G. Al-Ghamdi. Sustainability assessment, potentials and challenges of 3D printed concrete structures: A systematic review for built environmental applications. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 303, 127027 .
AMA StyleShoukat Alim Khan, Muammer Koç, Sami G. Al-Ghamdi. Sustainability assessment, potentials and challenges of 3D printed concrete structures: A systematic review for built environmental applications. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 303 ():127027.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShoukat Alim Khan; Muammer Koç; Sami G. Al-Ghamdi. 2021. "Sustainability assessment, potentials and challenges of 3D printed concrete structures: A systematic review for built environmental applications." Journal of Cleaner Production 303, no. : 127027.
Questions determine our fate as individuals and societies. Asking the right questions at the right time and in the right amount makes our choices and decisions meaningful. As human beings we all experience this from an early age. In education, in order to evaluate, learn and inform the growth of students, the professional development of teachers and the overall efficiency of the system, questions become an integral element of the complex, non-linear and social system at different levels. The purpose of this article is to investigate how performance assessment strategies play a role in the education system, and to understand how progressive performance assessments can be set up with sustainable thinking and designed in alignment with the United Nation’s (UN) Development Goals (SGDs) for a given context. To aid Qatar’s pursuit in transitioning from a resource-based economy to a knowledge-based one, this study aims to design and develop a proper performance assessment (PA) framework that is aligned with the SDGs and education goals (EGs) to help achieve social and human development as envisioned in Qatar’s national vision. This article: (i) presents a theoretical and qualitative analysis of PA practices in the Qatar Education System (QES); (ii) provides a comparative analysis among the best PA practices at the global level; and (iii) examines the methodology, conditions, and findings based on learning from: (a) the successful experiences of other countries, (b) documented analyses of local past experiences, (c) local stakeholders (through a qualitative investigation) in order to understand the needs, develop recommendations and design a tailored PA strategy. The results indicate that there are misalignments between the core educational components such as EGs and the assessment methods used to evaluate them. The analysis and findings reveal that the QES urgently needs to develop a PA strategy that is appropriate for its stakeholders to meet the EGs and enhance their sustainability competencies. Finally, this study proposes a PA framework for the QES to align its core elements with SDGs and EGs.
Mona Al-Kuwari; Luluwah Al-Fagih; Muammer Koç. Asking the Right Questions for Sustainable Development Goals: Performance Assessment Approaches for the Qatar Education System. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3883 .
AMA StyleMona Al-Kuwari, Luluwah Al-Fagih, Muammer Koç. Asking the Right Questions for Sustainable Development Goals: Performance Assessment Approaches for the Qatar Education System. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3883.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMona Al-Kuwari; Luluwah Al-Fagih; Muammer Koç. 2021. "Asking the Right Questions for Sustainable Development Goals: Performance Assessment Approaches for the Qatar Education System." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3883.
This study investigates alternative equity-based financing models and proposes a waqf-owned (that could also be called philanthropy-, endowment-, trust-, foundation-, and third sector-based) financial intermediary (WOFI). We do so by developing the agent-based model and scenario-based computer simulations for financing solar powerplants. For this purpose, we redesign a waqf-based financing system and analyze the changes in wealth inequality, capital pooling, and social prosperity for a future time frame. As a proof-of-concept, the simulation results show that for the given case study, the proposed WOFI reduces wealth inequality dramatically, whereas conventional debt-based financing models raise inequality. Besides, restructuring the waqf-based financial intermediaries also enables the capital pooling essential for large projects and absent in the conventional waqf system. In short, this study proves that waqf-based institutions have a remarkable potential to contribute towards sustainable development goals by taking account of long-run social implications, economic growth, and environment-friendly projects.
Ibrahim Ari; Muammer Koc. Towards sustainable financing models: A proof-of-concept for a waqf-based alternative financing model for renewable energy investments. Borsa Istanbul Review 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleIbrahim Ari, Muammer Koc. Towards sustainable financing models: A proof-of-concept for a waqf-based alternative financing model for renewable energy investments. Borsa Istanbul Review. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIbrahim Ari; Muammer Koc. 2021. "Towards sustainable financing models: A proof-of-concept for a waqf-based alternative financing model for renewable energy investments." Borsa Istanbul Review , no. : 1.
Metal-alloys tubes are used in the falling-film evaporator of the multi-effect distillation (MED) that is the dominant and efficient thermal seawater desalination process. However, the harsh seawater environment (high salinity and high temperature) causes scale precipitation and corrosion of MED evaporators’ metal tubes, presenting a serious technical challenge to the process. Therefore, the metal/metal alloys used as the material of the MED evaporators’ tubes are expensive and require high energy and costly tube fabrication process. On the other hand, polymers are low-cost, easy to fabricate into tubes, and highly corrosion-resistant, but have low thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, thermally conductive fillers can enhance the thermal conductivity of polymers. In this article, we carried out a feasibility-study-based techno-economic and socioeconomic analysis, as well as a life-cycle assessment (LCA), of a conventional MED desalination plant that uses titanium tubes and a plant that used thermally enhanced polymer composites (i.e., polyethylene (PE)-expanded graphite (EG) composite) as the tubes’ material. Two different polymer composites containing 30% and 40% filler (expanded graphite/graphene) are considered. Our results indicate that the MED plant based on polymer composite tubes has favored economic and carbon emission metrics with the potential to reduce the cost of the MED evaporator (shell and tubes) by 40% below the cost of the titanium evaporator. Moreover, the equivalent carbon emissions associated with the composite polymer tubes’ evaporator is 35% lower than titanium tubes. On the other hand, the ozone depletion, acidification, and fossil fuel depletion for the polymer composite tubes are comparable with that of the titanium tubes. The recycling of thermally enhanced polymers is not considered in this LCA analysis; however, after the end of life, reusing the polymer material into other products would lower the overall environmental impacts. Moreover, the polymer composite tubes can be produced locally, which will not only reduce the environmental impacts due to transportation but also create jobs for local manufacturing.
Furqan Tahir; Abdelnasser Mabrouk; Sami Al-Ghamdi; Igor Krupa; Tomas Sedlacek; Ahmed Abdala; Muammer Koc. Sustainability Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of Thermally Enhanced Polymer Tube for Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) Technology. Polymers 2021, 13, 681 .
AMA StyleFurqan Tahir, Abdelnasser Mabrouk, Sami Al-Ghamdi, Igor Krupa, Tomas Sedlacek, Ahmed Abdala, Muammer Koc. Sustainability Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of Thermally Enhanced Polymer Tube for Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) Technology. Polymers. 2021; 13 (5):681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFurqan Tahir; Abdelnasser Mabrouk; Sami Al-Ghamdi; Igor Krupa; Tomas Sedlacek; Ahmed Abdala; Muammer Koc. 2021. "Sustainability Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of Thermally Enhanced Polymer Tube for Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) Technology." Polymers 13, no. 5: 681.
This study presents a proof-of-concept focusing on sustainable crowdfunding models for renewables as alternatives to conventional financing instruments and proposes a Philanthropic-Crowdfunding-Partnership (PCP) model. In this regard, this research investigates social welfare by evaluating the change in wealth inequality for the future time horizon by simulating conventional and the PCP financing models on solar farms in the case study of Turkey. The motivation is to find a solution for financing regional development in a holistic approach considering society and the environment to accomplish sustainable development. Furthermore, it also aims to provide insights into innovative public-private partnerships to unlock new horizons for development by incorporating citizen participation at large. The PCP model’s objective is to mobilize capital throughout the public by prioritizing individuals along with small and medium enterprises over the large corporates in fundraising for renewable energy projects, mainly solar farms. This paper provides quantitative evidence that the PCP functions as a sustainable and alternative financing model by dramatically reducing wealth inequality. Besides, the PCP holds the potential to become a self-sufficient financing mechanism for projects ranging from small ones to mega initiatives.
Ibrahim Ari; Muammer Koc. Philanthropic-crowdfunding-partnership: A proof-of-concept study for sustainable financing in low-carbon energy transitions. Energy 2021, 222, 119925 .
AMA StyleIbrahim Ari, Muammer Koc. Philanthropic-crowdfunding-partnership: A proof-of-concept study for sustainable financing in low-carbon energy transitions. Energy. 2021; 222 ():119925.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIbrahim Ari; Muammer Koc. 2021. "Philanthropic-crowdfunding-partnership: A proof-of-concept study for sustainable financing in low-carbon energy transitions." Energy 222, no. : 119925.
The successful emergence of Qatar into the LNG market is one of the most interesting cases in developmental studies, because of its strategy, planning, and implementation to take advantage of a fossil resource: The North Gas Field. Since the 1990s, the natural gas production enabled an exemplary development in Qatar based on the LNG trade to reach remote markets such as the East Asian basin, a region of the largest LNG importers. However, the technological and commercial disruption emerging from new and unconventional gas resources has started changing the market conditions globally, which could affect the well-established energy trade between Qatar and its East Asian customers, hence its economic development prospects. This paper analyses the market changes on power and position from different players in that trade, with relation to Qatar. The analysis on the demand and supply sides indicates how deep the new resources act as market game-changers such as shale gas did in the US in the past decade, shifting the power balance towards a buyer's market approach. The new balance creates new market conditions towards the flexibilization/globalization of the LNG as a commodity and the evolution of the market, forcing Qatar to design and implement necessary adaptations to maintain its position and importance as a reliable LNG supplier in different levels. The strategic considerations of Qatar are crucial to avoid negative impacts, in an increasingly complex and dynamic market, under heightened conditions of competition never seen on the LNG trade, in addition to the unforeseeable changes brought by climate change, trade barriers and global outbreaks. Such changes call for smart, progressive, and adaptive transitionary energy policies and strategies for Qatar and similar exporters.
Abel Meza; Muammer Koç. The LNG trade between Qatar and East Asia: Potential impacts of unconventional energy resources on the LNG sector and Qatar's economic development goals. Resources Policy 2020, 70, 101886 .
AMA StyleAbel Meza, Muammer Koç. The LNG trade between Qatar and East Asia: Potential impacts of unconventional energy resources on the LNG sector and Qatar's economic development goals. Resources Policy. 2020; 70 ():101886.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbel Meza; Muammer Koç. 2020. "The LNG trade between Qatar and East Asia: Potential impacts of unconventional energy resources on the LNG sector and Qatar's economic development goals." Resources Policy 70, no. : 101886.
In the multi-effect evaporator (MED), the seawater falls on the outside of the tube, and the heat is transmitted from the steam flowing inside the tube. As a result, part of seawater evaporates and vapor is generated. Vapor flows in either co-current direction, cross direction or combination of both. The vapor flow exerts external force on falling film and affects film hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer. This study focuses on analyzing the effects of co-current vapor flow on falling film distribution and hydrodynamics. A two-dimensional (2D) computational fluid dynamics model is developed and validated, in which sea water enters at 65 °C, which represents the maximum limit of current MED plant, and falls on a tube of 25.4 mm diameter from a 2 mm orifice. First, the liquid load is varied between 0.02 and 0.05 kg/(m·s), and its effects on the film thickness and the wetting time are calculated, presented and discussed. Afterwards, the impact of co-current vapor flow on film distribution, wetting time, minimum thickness and its location are quantified and examined by increasing the vapor velocity up to 6 m/s with 2 m/s intervals. It is found that the vapor flow significantly affects the film distribution on the upper half of the tube. The average film thickness and wetting time is reduced by 14.1% and 18.5%, respectively for the vapor velocity of 6 m/s compared to the no vapor flow, for 0.02 kg/(m·s). In addition, the minimum film thickness decreases by 23.1% for 0.02 kg/(m·s). The high decrement in film thickness can lead to dry patches and scale deposition in case of evaporation.
Furqan Tahir; Abdelnasser Mabrouk; Muammer Koç. Influence of co-current vapor flow on falling film over horizontal tube. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2020, 159, 106614 .
AMA StyleFurqan Tahir, Abdelnasser Mabrouk, Muammer Koç. Influence of co-current vapor flow on falling film over horizontal tube. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2020; 159 ():106614.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFurqan Tahir; Abdelnasser Mabrouk; Muammer Koç. 2020. "Influence of co-current vapor flow on falling film over horizontal tube." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 159, no. : 106614.
The sports industry is an ever-growing sector worldwide. With technological advancements in information technologies, the sports industry has merged with the entertainment industry, reaching and influencing billions of people globally. However, to ensure and advance the safety, security, and sustainability of the sports industry, technological innovations are always needed in several manufacturing and materials processes to achieve cost-effectiveness, efficiency, durability, reusability, and recyclability of products used in this industry. For example, 90% of the field hockey equipment produced in the world comes from Sialkot, Pakistan. Most export quality field hockey equipment is currently produced via reinforcement of glass/carbon fibers in epoxy resin. The current study aimed to introduce new materials for field hockey equipment to reduce manufacturing costs and the environmental impact of synthetic materials, without comprising the quality of the final product. Our literature review on natural fibers revealed that they offer excellent and compatible mechanical properties. Based on extensive experimental studies, we concluded that banana fiber reinforced hybrid composites could be an alternative to pure glass fiber reinforced composites, with comparable and even higher load withstanding capabilities. Using banana fiber reinforced hybrid composites for the fabrication of hockey products would cut costs and lower the environmental impact stemming from the uses of biodegradable organic materials. It will also lead to the development of a domestic economy based on domestic resources.
Ans Al Rashid; Muhammad Yasir Khalid; Ramsha Imran; Umair Ali; Muammer Koc. Utilization of Banana Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composites in the Sports Industry. Materials 2020, 13, 3167 .
AMA StyleAns Al Rashid, Muhammad Yasir Khalid, Ramsha Imran, Umair Ali, Muammer Koc. Utilization of Banana Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composites in the Sports Industry. Materials. 2020; 13 (14):3167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAns Al Rashid; Muhammad Yasir Khalid; Ramsha Imran; Umair Ali; Muammer Koc. 2020. "Utilization of Banana Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composites in the Sports Industry." Materials 13, no. 14: 3167.
Warm Hydromechanical Deep Drawing (WHDD) is considered as an effective sheet metal forming process to overcome low formability problems of lightweight materials, such as aluminum and magnesium alloys, at room temperature. WHDD process combines the advantages of Hydromechanical Deep Drawing (HDD) and Warm Deep Drawing (WDD) processes. In this study, interactive and combined effects of Pressure (P) and Blank Holder Force (BHF) variation on the formability of the AA 5754 aluminum alloy sheets in the WHDD process were investigated experimentally and numerically. Different from available studies, the optimal fluid pressure (P) and blank holder force (BHF) profiles, which were determined numerically using adaptive FEA integrated with fuzzy logic control algorithm (aFEA-FLCA), were validated experimentally for the first time in literature. Consequently, limiting drawing ratios (LDR) of AA5754 material were recorded as 2.5, 2.625, and 3.125 for HDD, WDD, and WHDD processes, respectively. Thus, it was demonstrated that the formability of lightweight materials, such as AA5754, could be increased significantly using the WHDD process through the proposed optimization method. This method was also implemented into the WHDD of an industrial part with complex geometry, successfully forming sharp features with minimal thinning at reduced levels of force, pressure, and time. Consequently, it is reasonably to state that the method developed in this study can be adopted for the manufacturing of any other part using the WHDD process.
Mevlüt Türköz; Ömer Necati Cora; Hasan Gedikli; Murat Dilmeç; Hüseyin Selçuk Halkacı; Muammer Koç. Numerical optimization of warm hydromechanical deep drawing process parameters and its experimental verification. Journal of Manufacturing Processes 2020, 57, 344 -353.
AMA StyleMevlüt Türköz, Ömer Necati Cora, Hasan Gedikli, Murat Dilmeç, Hüseyin Selçuk Halkacı, Muammer Koç. Numerical optimization of warm hydromechanical deep drawing process parameters and its experimental verification. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 2020; 57 ():344-353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMevlüt Türköz; Ömer Necati Cora; Hasan Gedikli; Murat Dilmeç; Hüseyin Selçuk Halkacı; Muammer Koç. 2020. "Numerical optimization of warm hydromechanical deep drawing process parameters and its experimental verification." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 57, no. : 344-353.
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies (also known as 3D printing - 3DP) have been rapidly advancing into various industrial sectors, including aerospace, automotive, medical, architecture, arts and design, food, and construction. Transitioning from the visualization and prototyping stages into functional and actual part replacement opens further design possibilities. Among the diverse applications of AM, construction applications have not yet seen a commercially available and widely used product in the market. Nevertheless, it has been a subject of interest to researchers in recent decades. There are evident challenges and risks for the integration of AM towards large-scale construction. Therefore, progress in their commercialization seems to proceed at a slow pace, as only a few 3DP trials for large-scale construction can be found in the literature. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and evidence-based baseline along with progresses in relevant disciplines related to 3DP in construction, which will provide an opportunity to experts in all domains to understand the multi-dimensional constraints and to specify the future research directions in these sectors. The distinct merit of this article is that it provides, for the first time, a diverse review on literature in the field of construction 3D printing. It offers up-to-date and in-depth information of hindrances (from processes, materials, structural design and standards) which add up towards low pace of automation in construction sector, identify deficiencies in the current research and provides future research trends for researchers. The findings from intensive literature review will guide engineers, designers and investors from construction sector to grab research gaps and business opportunities. First of all, the development of different 3DP processes in built environment are presented to highlight the process constraints along with the commercial applications of these processes for industrialists and investors to identify the business opportunities. Secondly, process parameters and difficulties in optimization of material mixtures are presented as a guide to civil engineers following the discussion on materials urging the need for development of eco-efficient and environment friendly materials. Conclusions drawn from discussion in individual sections along with issues/constraints and challenges involved are explained separately.
Ans Al Rashid; Shoukat Alim Khan; Sami G. Al-Ghamdi; Muammer Koç. Additive manufacturing: Technology, applications, markets, and opportunities for the built environment. Automation in Construction 2020, 118, 103268 .
AMA StyleAns Al Rashid, Shoukat Alim Khan, Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, Muammer Koç. Additive manufacturing: Technology, applications, markets, and opportunities for the built environment. Automation in Construction. 2020; 118 ():103268.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAns Al Rashid; Shoukat Alim Khan; Sami G. Al-Ghamdi; Muammer Koç. 2020. "Additive manufacturing: Technology, applications, markets, and opportunities for the built environment." Automation in Construction 118, no. : 103268.
In this study, nucleate boiling heat transfer (NBHT) based self-cooling thermal management system is designed and thermodynamically analyzed for high concentrating photovoltaics (CPV). The overall self-cooling system, consisting of two rows of CPV i.e. CPV 1 and CPV 2, coupled together with the absorption cooling (AbC) system. Thermal energy from CPV 1 is supplied to AbC system to produce cooling, which is then used to reduce the temperature of CPV 2. Both CPV systems work simultaneously under the same solar energy conditions, hence, the demand and supply of energy are continuously in phase. Under the designed conditions, CPV 1, with an installed capacity of 66.4 kW, an operating temperature of 375.3 K and electrical efficiency of 35.5%, has the ability to cool down 50.6 kW of CPV 2 system with an operating temperature of 335.8 K and 37.5% of electrical efficiency. A parametric study is performed to analyze the performance of the overall system for various working conditions and installed capacity. Furthermore, the designed system is analyzed for two different types of multi-junction solar cells and three different types of coolants: water, ethanol, and n-pentane. Due to higher latent heat, water has been proven better working fluid with higher ability of concentration ratio. The optimum NBHT operating temperatures for CPV1 and CPV2 were found to be about 353 K and 349 K with maximum overall system efficiency of 36.64%.
Shoukat Alim Khan; Yusuf Bicer; Sami G. Al-Ghamdi; Muammer Koç. Performance evaluation of self-cooling concentrating photovoltaics systems using nucleate boiling heat transfer. Renewable Energy 2020, 160, 1081 -1095.
AMA StyleShoukat Alim Khan, Yusuf Bicer, Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, Muammer Koç. Performance evaluation of self-cooling concentrating photovoltaics systems using nucleate boiling heat transfer. Renewable Energy. 2020; 160 ():1081-1095.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShoukat Alim Khan; Yusuf Bicer; Sami G. Al-Ghamdi; Muammer Koç. 2020. "Performance evaluation of self-cooling concentrating photovoltaics systems using nucleate boiling heat transfer." Renewable Energy 160, no. : 1081-1095.