Hypertension stands as a pervasive global health challenge, contributing significantly to mortality rates worldwide. Various factors, including lifestyle choices and dietary habits, contribute to the development of hypertension. In recent years, oxidative stress has garnered significant attention as a factor influencing hypertension risk, prompting a shift in research focus towards exploring it as a potential target for prevention and treatment. Antioxidants found in our diet, such as vitamins C, E and carotenoids exhibit the ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. In addition, Vitamin A has an antioxidant effect despite not being an antioxidant itself. Consequently, supplementation or increased intake of these antioxidants has been hypothesized to potentially lower blood pressure levels and aid in the management of hypertension, thereby potentially prolonging life expectancy. Research findings regarding this effect have been diverse. This paper examines the existing literature demonstrating favorable outcomes associated with antioxidant supplementation.

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to joint destruction, chronic pain, and significant functional impairment. While pharmacological treatment remains the cornerstone of therapy, it is increasingly recognized that optimal patient outcomes require a holistic approach. Non-pharmacological interventions are essential to address the physical, psychological, and social challenges faced by patients. Aim. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various non-pharmacological strategies in the management of RA and to highlight the importance of a coordinated, multidisciplinary team in improving patient quality of life and functional status. Material and methods. A comprehensive review of current clinical guidelines and recent literature (from databases such as PubMed and Scopus) was conducted. The analysis focused on interventions including physical therapy, occupational therapy, nutritional counseling, psychological support, and patient education programs within a multidisciplinary framework. Results. The findings indicate that regular aerobic and resistance exercise, combined with joint protection techniques, significantly reduce pain and fatigue while improving joint mobility. Dietary interventions (e.g., Mediterranean diet) and psychological interventions (e.g., Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) contribute to better disease control and mental well-being. A multidisciplinary approach, involving rheumatologists, physiotherapists, dietitians, and psychologists, leads to higher treatment adherence and better functional outcomes compared to monodisciplinary care. Conclusions. Non-pharmacological management is a vital component of RA care that complements medical treatment. A well-structured, multidisciplinary approach ensures personalized care, targets diverse symptoms, and empowers patients to manage their condition effectively, ultimately leading to a better quality of life.

Background. Biological therapies and small-molecule inhibitors have transformed the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, though long-term malignancy risks remain a clinical concern. This review evaluates the oncogenic risks of major classes, including TNF-α, interleukin (IL), and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, alongside B-cell depleting agents. While TNF-α and JAK inhibitors may increase certain skin cancers or lymphomas in specific populations, IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors maintain a favorable safety profile. Paradoxically, controlling chronic inflammation can reduce the risk of inflammation-driven malignancies like colorectal cancer. Aim. To evaluate the malignancy risks of major therapeutic classes (TNF-α, IL, and JAK inhibitors), focusing on clinically significant cancers like HSTCL and skin malignancies, while assessing modifying factors such as age and cumulative exposure. Material and methods. A narrative literature review was conducted using clinical trials, meta-analyses, and observational data from PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Results were synthesized narratively due to study heterogeneity, methodological constraints, and short follow-up periods. Results. TNF-α and JAK inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and certain lymphomas. In contrast, IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors show safety profiles consistent with baseline population rates. Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is almost exclusively linked to combination therapy with thiopurines. Effectively neutralizing chronic inflammation can lower the risk of certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer. Conclusions. Biological therapies generally do not increase the risk of solid tumors above baseline. Aggressive oncological risks are typically driven by concomitant therapies (e.g., thiopurines) or the underlying disease itself. Regular dermatological and gynecological screening remains essential to balance therapeutic efficacy with safety.

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) constitute an increasing proportion of modern diets and may contribute to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review summarizes current evidence linking UPF consumption with adverse kidney outcomes and discusses the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. UPFs are typically high in sodium, added sugars, unhealthy fats and food additives, while being low in dietary fiber and essential micronutrients. Their consumption may promote inflammation and oxidative stress, metabolic acidosis, hypertension, gut microbiota dysbiosis, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Epidemiological studies consistently associate higher UPF intake with an increased risk of incident CKD, an accelerated decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, CKD progression and unfavorable cardiovascular and mortality outcomes. Reducing UPF intake and replacing these products with minimally processed plant-based foods may therefore represent a practical dietary strategy for kidney protection. However, most available evidence is observational, and further prospective and interventional studies are required to establish causality and define CKD-specific dietary recommendations.