The application of CAD-CAM (Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing) technology has become increasingly prevalent in dentistry in recent years. Dental restorations are designed and created using CAD-CAM by enhancing the precision and efficiency. Customization of dental prostheses such as crowns, veneers, inlays, onlays and bridges is possible with CAD-CAM.

Introduction: Ki-67 is a nuclear protein. It is a proliferation marker that has an essential function in tumorigenesis due to its positive connection with tumor expansion. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the articulation of Ki‑67 as prognostic marker in various grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: A total of 100 histologically affirmed samples of normal oral mucosa (NOM), OED, and OSCC were divided into three groups—Group I (10 samples of normal oral mucosa), Group II (45 samples of OED), Group III (45 samples of OSCC). Routine hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining with Ki-67 monoclonal antibody were carried out in all the samples. Results: Within Group I, articulation of Ki-67 was constrained to the basal layers. In Group II, cells showing positive expression of Ki-67 were available in the basal, suprabasal, and spinous layers. Cells showing positive expression of Ki-67 among well-differentiated OSCC were presented mainly in the periphery of the tumor nests; in moderately differentiated OSCC, cells were located in both peripheral and part of a center of the tumor nests; and in most cases of poorly differentiated OSCC, cells were diffused. Statistically significant difference in positive expression of Ki-67 was appreciated between three groups. Conclusion: Ki-67 antigen may perhaps be used as a marker for the histological reviewing of OED and OSCC. With the increase in the severity of OED, cells showing positive expression of Ki-67 also increased.

Context: Oral cancer is the 8^th most common cancer in the world. An important feature of carcinogenesis is angiogenesis. Endoglin is a powerful marker of neovascularization in solid malignancies. This study was done to ascertain its role as an indicator of metastasis and prognosis. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the expression of endoglin (CD105) in metastatic primary tumor, lymph node of the metastasized tumor, nonmetastatic primary tumor and in normal buccal mucosa immunohistochemically. Settings and Design: The total sample size comprised 45 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, n = 10 metastasized primary tumor, n = 10 lymph nodes of metastasized primary tumor, n = 20 nonmetastasized oral squamous cell carcinoma and n = 5 normal buccal mucosa were studied. Subjects and Methods: Immunohistochemistry for endoglin was performed and microvessel density (MVD) was determined by hot spot method. Microvessel density was compared between the groups. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was used using one-way ANOVA. P < 0.05 was statistically significant. Results: Endoglin expression in metastatic cases (0.68 + 0.10) was higher than nonmetastatic cases (0.45 + 0.20) and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Conclusion: This study shows that presence of endoglin determines the metastatic potential of the tumor and its prognosis, thus, could be considered as a potential target of therapy.

Fingerprint analysis for gender determination in Ganjam District, Southern Odisha is of interest in forensic science. Dermatoglyphics, the study of fingerprint patterns, leverages their genetic uniqueness and stability to identify individuals in forensic and disaster scenarios. Left thumb prints were collected and analyzed under magnification, followed by statistical evaluation. Results showed significant differences in fingerprint patterns between genders, confirming the method's accuracy. Thus, fingerprint pattern analysis is a valuable tool for gender identification in forensic medicine, criminal investigations, and during mass disasters.

Teledentistry is an amalgamation of dentistry and telecommunication where the clinical information is exchanged between the patient/ caregiver with the dentist from a remote distance. The role of teledentistry came into spotlight in the pandemic Covid 19 era. This proved to be the safest method to provide health care assistance in preventing the disease transmission was cost effective and also formed a bridge between the rural and urban communities. It also helps in telediagnosis and formulation of treatment in dental emergenices. Teledentistry has improved a lot in the recent times due to advent of smart phones, widespread internet connectivity and video conferencing applications. Teledentistry could provide hassle free consultations as well the patient history can be stored in the data base for a longer period of time. This review highlights the origin, its applications, drawbacks and its role in the covid 19 and lock down phase. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.22 (Special Issue) 2023 p.52-57