This study examined the convergent and predictive validity of objective and subjective food swamp measures within a Community-Based Participatory Research project conducted in six neighborhoods. Using resident survey data and geocoded audit data for 20 food store types, food swamps were measured using three indices: Food Swamp Index (FSI), modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI), and Physical Food Environment Index (PFEI), calculated within a ½ mile buffer of respondents’ homes. Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman correlations. At the individual level, no significant correlations were found between objective and subjective measures (all rho < 0.06, p > .05). At the neighborhood level, results varied by measurement approach: as continuous variables, only mRFEI showed a significant but divergent correlation (rho = -0.81, p < .001); when dichotomized, mRFEI showed perfect convergent validity (rho = 1.00, p < .001), PFEI showed modest convergent validity (rho = 0.12, p = .039), while FSI showed divergent validity (rho = -0.28, p < .001). Subjective measures consistently predicted shopping frequency at unhealthy food stores (all p < .004), while objective measures showed null associations. These findings suggest subjective measures better capture the behaviorally relevant food environment and may be preferable for research examining dietary behaviors.