Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major contributor to skin damage, making the regular use of broad-spectrum sunscreens essential for effective photoprotection. However, the long-term efficacy of sunscreen formulations is limited by the photoinstability of some organic UV filters, particularly avobenzone. Licuri oil (Syagrus coronata) is a naturally derived Brazilian palm oil that represents a promising alternative to medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) as an oily core for polymeric nanocapsules. Therefore, this study aimed to develop Eudragit^® RS 100-based cationic nanocapsules using licuri oil for avobenzone encapsulation and to incorporate them into hyaluronic acid (HA) or xanthan gum (XG) hydrogels. The nanocapsules ranged from 125 to 158 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of less than 0.2, positive zeta potential (+11 to +13 mV), and encapsulation efficiency above 98%. After 48 h of UVA exposure, the nanocapsule formulations retained 51% and 52% of their initial avobenzone content for the licuri oil- and MCT-based systems, respectively, compared with only 10% for free avobenzone, indicating a marked improvement in photostability following nanoencapsulation. Additionally, licuri oil nanocapsules exhibited increased antioxidant activity compared to MCT-based nanocapsules in both DPPH and ABTS assays. The nanocapsule suspensions were classified as non- to slightly irritating in the Hen’s Egg Test–Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) assay. After incorporation into the hydrogels, the resulting formulations exhibited pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior, with HA-based hydrogels providing higher UV absorption than XG-based hydrogels. Furthermore, no transdermal permeation of avobenzone was observed from either the HA- or XG-based hydrogel formulations, and the HA hydrogel containing licuri oil nanocapsules showed higher stratum corneum retention. These findings demonstrate the potential of licuri oil as an effective alternative to MCTs as the oily core of polymeric nanocapsules for topical formulations containing encapsulated avobenzone.