Dimeric flavonoids, also called biflavonoids, are bioactive compounds that exhibit various activities described in the literature, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, vasorelaxant, and anticancer properties. This work focuses on the anticancer action of naturally occurring dimeric flavonoids against prostate and breast cancer, as well as on the mechanisms of action involved in their activity and presents the most current information on this subject in the literature. In the present review, we summarize the latest findings on the antiproliferative activity of 33 dimeric flavonoid-based compounds selected from recently published studies. The tests conducted were in silico and in vitro and demonstrated the cytotoxic activity potential of biflavonoids against prostate and breast tumor cells. Biflavonoids were capable of interfering with the migration and replication of cancer cells and their mechanism of action is related to cell death pathways, especially apoptosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis. These compounds decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and significantly increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, they significantly upregulated the expression of p21, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3, while downregulating Bcl-2 and caspase-3 levels, indicating their cell death mechanism of action is through the Bcl-2/Bax/cleaved caspase-3 pathway and cell cycle arrest. The biflavonoids here related have shown promising anticancer activity and are considered potential drug candidates for prostate and breast cancer treatment.

Background/Objectives: Treating chronic wounds incurs substantial costs for Brazil’s Unified Health System. Natural compounds, particularly propolis, are increasingly explored as low-cost alternatives due to their healing properties. Brazilian green propolis, distinct in its chemical composition, has garnered scientific interest. This study aimed to assess the healing effects of green propolis ointment on lower-limb ulcers from leprosy. Methods: A blinded, randomized clinical trial included 18 wounds in two groups: propolis ointment (G1) and control (G2), with evaluations conducted weekly for 61 days. Wound progress was monitored using morphometry and the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH). Results: No participants exhibited sensitivity to the propolis. G1 showed significant initial healing: average wound area reduction (%) for G1 vs. G2 included 56.38 vs. 6.13–p < 0.001 (week 1); 79.51 vs. 24.16–p = 0.022 (week 4); and 84.33 vs. 39.73–p = 0.051 (week 7). In G1, the PUSH scores decreased from the beginning, whereas in G2, reductions were observed after three weeks. By week 5, 71.4% of G1 wounds scored below eight points, versus 33.3% in G2. G1 wounds exhibited a reduced area and exudate, as well as revitalized granulation tissue without adverse effects. Conclusions: The findings suggest that green propolis ointment is safe, supports tissue repair and may offer cost-effective treatment benefits. Standard wound dressings are selected to support all healing stages, with an emphasis on antimicrobial action, hemostasis to reduce exudate, and pain-reducing and non-irritant properties. Green propolis ointment meets these criteria, offering a cost-effective treatment that accelerates lesion reduction and encouraging leprosy patients to follow the therapeutic regimen.

Cancer represents a major global public health challenge, and its treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are frequently associated with adverse effects. Among these, oral mucositis (OM) stands out as a debilitating inflammatory condition that compromises quality of life and may lead to interruption of cancer therapy. Given the limited efficacy of conventional treatments, propolis has been investigated as a natural therapeutic alternative due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This narrative literature review, conducted between 2012 and 2025, included studies indexed in the Public Medical Database (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. We analyzed clinical trials that evaluated different forms of propolis administration, such as gel, mouthwashes, oral solutions, and topical applications, in patients with various types of cancer undergoing radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combined treatment. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in pain, dysphagia, dysgeusia, and OM severity, as well as a delay in the onset and progression of lesions, with a low incidence of adverse effects. However, variability in the chemical composition of propolis and the lack of standardized protocols still limit the reproducibility and comparability of the findings. Overall, these results reinforce the therapeutic potential of propolis for the prevention and treatment of OM in oncology patients, while underscoring the need for long-term, randomized clinical trials to establish optimal concentrations, pharmacological formulations, and standardized application protocols.