The article presents the results of examination of 30 patients with a history of miscarriage and ‘thin’ endometrium in comparison with 20 patients without reproductive loss and the presence of normal endometrial thickness. The dynamics of intracellular production of γ-INF, IL-1 and IL-10 by cytotoxic endometrial lymphocytes was studied by flow cytometry. It was found that before treatment in patients with miscarriage and thin endometrium syndrome there was a significant (12-fold) decrease in the level of CD8+ cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes (p < .01), a 2.8-fold decrease in the level of CD56+ cells, and also a sharp inhibition of the level of intracellular production of cytokines - γ-INF (8 times), IL-1 (11 times) and IL-10 (15 times). Against the background of complex therapy, including the elimination of pathogenic pathogens, antiplatelet therapy, intrauterine ultrasound cavitation and personalized hormonal therapy using intravaginal micronized progesterone (Luteina), an increase of endometrial thickness was observed: M-echo from 5.9 ± 0.1 to 10.2 ± 0.2 mm; the frequency of visualization of uterine vessels increased to 80–100%; in the spiral arteries, the pulsation index significantly decreased—PI (1.43 ± 0.04 vs. 0.79 ± 0.06), resistance index RI (0.96 ± 0.05 vs. 0.54 ± 0.04), systolic–diastolic ratio S/D in the uterine (4.5 ± 0.04 vs. 2.3 ± 0.05) and arcuate arteries (3.67 ± 0.04 vs. 2.41 ± 0.02); and there was also a positive dynamics of intracellular cytokine production with a significant (p < .05) increase in the level of IL-1 and IL-10, as well as the level of γ-IFN CD56+ by endometrial lymphocytes.

Background: The clinical aspect of cerebral tumor is a headache, a sign of a growing tumor is nausea, turning into vomiting, frequent dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, mental disorders such as reduced concentration, lack of appetite, a slight increase in body temperature, irritability, aggression. Pregnant women often do not attach importance to these symptoms, since they are often signs of ordinary toxicosis. We report a case of uncomplicated pregnancy, the birth of a healthy mature baby in a patient with a giant tumor of both frontal lobes of the brain, and a case of maternal mortality in the postoperative period. Aim: Aim of the article was to present a rare clinical situation - a case of maternal mortality in a 21-year-old Asian patient with uncomplicated pregnancy which had a planned cesarean section operation due to the presence of a scar on the uterus under epidural anesthesia. On the 2nd postoperative day according to MRT newly diagnosed inoperable giant tumor of both frontal lobes of the brain with a dislocation, which caused the death of the puerpera. Results: probability of the physiological course of pregnancy and the birth of a healthy newborn in the presence of a giant meningioma of the brain (anterior frontal lobe). Case presentation: A case of maternal mortality in a 21-year-old Asian patient with uncomplicated pregnancy which had a planned cesarean section operation due to the presence of a scar on the uterus under epidural anesthesia. On the 2nd day of the postoperative period, an inoperable giant tumor of both frontal lobes of the brain with dislocation was diagnosed according to MRT data. Conclusion: The combination of pregnancy and cerebral tumor is rare, in this case, it is reported about the asymptomatic course of an inoperable cerebral tumor of gigantic size. The diagnosis was confirmed by non-invasive diagnostic methods (MRT). Knowledge of this rare brain disease in pregnant women is important in the differential diagnosis of patients with mental and neurological conditions in the postpartum period.

Preterm birth, defined as delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation, remains one of the most significant challenges in global maternal and neonatal health. Each year, an estimated 15 million ...

Gestational weight gain may affect the health of a woman and her child in the short and long term. Both inadequate and excessive weight gain are associated with several adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes for the mother and fetus. However, optimal ranges of weight gain during pregnancy remain unclear and insufficiently studied for all categories of pregestational body mass index. This review aimed to examine the relationship between ranges of gestational weight gain and the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. It also aimed to assess the specific features of gestational weight gain based on pregestational body mass index and which strategies can optimize it. The source search was conducted in eLibrary.Ru, PubMed, Medline, Crossref, and Google Scholar databases from 2009 to 2025 using the following keywords: “гестационная прибавка веса” (gestational weight gain), “осложнения беременности” (pregnancy complications), “ожирение” (obesity), “гестационный сахарный диабет” (gestational diabetes mellitus), and “макросомия” (macrosomia). Preference was given to data from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Pregestational body mass index is a crucial predictor of favorable pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, it should be considered the primary target for preventing pregnancy and delivery complications associated with excessive body weight and obesity. Inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain are linked to an increased risk of adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes for the mother (e.g., gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, complicated labor, and increased risk of cesarean section) and fetus (e.g., growth disorders, prematurity, and birth trauma). Currently, no unified protocol exists for managing patients with weight changes during preconception care and pregnancy. This is further complicated by regional factors (e.g., place of residence, dietary traditions, and cultural differences) and individual factors (e.g., influence of the immediate social environment, constitutional characteristics, and childhood and adolescent conditions). Population-level studies examining the causes and consequences of variations in gestational weight gain should be continued as they are critical for decreasing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Background: Preterm birth (PB) continues to be a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, with isthmic-cervical insufficiency (ICI) being among the most serious contributory factors. ICI is often a precursor for PB, and monitoring and diagnosis of this event can largely be achieved through cervicometry and elastography, especially with the use of the E-Cervix index. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of integrating elastography and cervicometry, specifically the E-Cervix index, in predicting PB risk in pregnant women with ICI during the second trimester. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on 250 pregnant women during their second trimester, including 150 women with ICI alongside 100 control women. Cervical elastography was done to assess the stiffness of the cervix coupled with transvaginal ultrasound cervicometry to obtain the length of the cervix. The E-Cervix index was also computed to enhance the discrimination accuracy of lower predictive values. Analysis was done on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27.0 and Statistical Software for Data Analysis version 17.0. Results: This study investigated the effectiveness of combining cervical elastography and cervicometry, utilizing the E-Cervix index, to assess the risk of PB in pregnant women diagnosed with ICI. The main group (n = 150) had a significantly younger mean age (30.24 ± 5.68 years) compared to the control group (32.17 ± 6.00 years, P = 0.011). Women with ICI showed shorter cervical lengths (2.6 ± 0.5 cm vs. 3.5 ± 0.4 cm, P < 0.001) and higher elasticity contrast index (6.5 ± 1.2 vs. 4.2 ± 0.9, P < 0.001). A significantly higher rate of PB (16% vs. 8%, P = 0.047) was observed in the main group. However, early diagnosis through combined elastography and cervicometry, followed by timely interventions, effectively contributed to a reduction in early PB rates, emphasizing the clinical value of integrated diagnostic approach. Conclusion: The combined use of elastography and cervicometry, particularly through the E-Cervix index, provides accurate risk assessment for preterm delivery in women with ICI. This approach demonstrates strong diagnostic performance and supports timely clinical decision-making, enhancing early intervention and improving outcomes in high-risk pregnancies.