Two trials were conducted to determine the optimal physically effective neutral detergent fibre (peNDF) level in corn stover-cracked-corn-based finishing diets for feedlot lambs. Concentrations of peNDF (10.0, 12.5, 15.0, and 17.5%) were controlled by replacing cracked corn grain with corn stover. In Trial 1, 32 Rambouillet × Katahdin intact male lambs (body weight [BW], 28.47 ± 2.70 kg) were used in a 63-d feeding trial. Dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency (GF) were greater at the 12.5% peNDF level (quadratic component, P <.05). The dressing percentage increased linearly (p <.01) as peNDF decreased, but hot carcase weight (HCW) was greater for lambs fed 12.5% peNDF (quadratic effect, p <.01) than those fed different concentrations. In Trial 2, eight ruminally cannulated Pelibuey lambs (29.3 ± 4.2 kg BW) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design to evaluate the effects of the treatment on total tract digestion. Ruminal pH, registered at 4-h post-feeding, linearly decreased (p <.01) from 6.70 to 5.77 as the level of peNDF decreased. The digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and NDF increased linearly (p <.01) as the peNDF level decreased, but the apparent digestible energy (Mcal/kg) showed a quadratic effect (p <.01) with a peNDF of 12.5%. The findings show that the estimated optimal peNDF level in cracked-corn-based finishing diets for lambs in the finishing phase of fattening is approximately 11.5%.

En el presente estudio se analiza la repercusión socioeconómica causada por la pandemia por COVID-19 en las empresas restauranteras de la ciudad de Guasave, Sinaloa, México así como la implementación de las medidas de salud recomendadas por la Comisión Estatal para la Protección Contra Riesgos Sanitarios de Sinaloa (COEPRISS); por lo que el objetivo fue identificar el impacto socioeconómico en las empresas con respecto a las ventas, horarios, tipo de servicio y medidas de seguridad. Se aplicaron encuestas tipo Likert a los propietarios o administradores de 92 micro y pequeñas empresas, que permitió realizar un análisis descriptivo de las variables estudiadas. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar de las diferentes medidas implementadas, la pandemia ha impactado negativamente en las ventas de este giro. La limitante de esta investigación fue no considerar los puntos de vista del personal, clientes y proveedores de estas, para complementar el estudio desde otras aristas.

Forty-eight (37.7 ± 3.4 kg, initial shrunk live weight) lambs were used in a 61 d experiment to evaluate the energy value of grease trap waste (GT) at four levels of supplementation (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). Supplemental GT replaced cracked corn in the basal diet. The GT contained 6.4% moisture, 3.1% impurities, and 79.8% total fatty acids (FA). Increasing GT level in diets did not affect dry matter intake and daily weight gain but linearly increased gain efficiency and estimated dietary net energy (NE). However, the ratio of observed-to-expected diet NE decreased with increased levels of GT. The estimated NE values for GT based on FA intake were in close agreement (98% and 102% of predicted, respectively) with those NE values determined by replacement technique for 2% and 4% supplementation level. However, the observed NE value for GT supplemented at the 6% level was 9% lower than predicted. Kidney–pelvic–heart fat increased as level of GT supplementation increased; otherwise, carcass characteristics and shoulder composition were not affected. We conclude that GT is a suitable alternative to conventional feed fats in diets for finishing lambs. The estimated NE of GT is 93% the energy value assigned by current standards for tallow and yellow grease.

Background: Shrimp farming is evolving from semi-intensive to hyper-intensive systems with biofloc technology and water recirculation systems. Objective: To evaluate the transcriptional response promoted by biofloc on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Methods: Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to monitor seven key genes related to the immune system in shrimp post-larvae, reared in a RAS with and without biofloc (BF and noBF). In addition, we present for the first time nucleotide sequences of ADP-ribosylation factor 4 (LvArf4) from Litopenaeus vannamei. Results: Transcripts for penaeidin3 (Pen3), penaeidin4 (Pen4), crustin, and Toll receptor (LvToll) genes were upregulated between 3 and 24 h in both systems, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in no-BF as an early response. Regarding differential expression between treatments, 13 occurrences were encountered. Nine that were higher in BF than in no-BF and four higher in no-BF than in BF. In some sample times, expression of Pen3, crustin, LvToll, TRAF6, IMD, and LvArf4 was higher in BF than in no-BF and in others, expression of Pen3, Pen4, and TRAF6 was higher in no-BF than in BF. Conclusions: BF modulates the transcription of genes related to the immune response in shrimp as an early response. However, the RAS with no-BF promotes a similar response. Keywords: antimicrobial peptide; aquaculture; biofloc; gene expression; Penaeidin; RAS; shrimp; shrimp immune system. Resumen Antecedentes: Los cultivos de camarón están evolucionando de sistemas semi-intensivos a hiper-intensivos con biofloc y con recirculación. Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta transcripcional promovida por el biofloc en un sistema acuícola con recirculación (SAR). Métodos: Monitoreamos mediante RT-PCR cuantitativo siete genes relacionados con el sistema inmune en postlarvas de camarón cultivadas en un SAR con y sin biofloc (BF y no-BF). Además, presentamos por primera vez la secuencia de nucleótidos del factor de ribosilación 4 de ADP (LvArf4) de Litopenaeus vannamei. Resultados: Los genes penaeidina3 (Pen3), penaeidina4 (Pen4), Crustina y Toll (LvToll) se sobre-expresaron entre las 3 y 24 h en ambos sistemas, y el factor 6 asociado al factor de necrosis tumoral (TRAF6) en BF como una respuesta temprana. Con respecto a la expresión diferencial entre los tratamientos, se presentaron 13 ocurrencias. Nueve donde el BF fue mayor que sin-BF y cuatro donde el no-BF fue mayor que el BF. La expresión fue más alta en BF que en no-BF en Pen3, Crustin, LvToll, TRAF6, IMD y LvArf4. En contraste, la expresión fue mayor en no-BF en Pen3, Pen4 y TRAF6. Conclusiones: el BF modula la transcripción de los genes relacionados con la respuesta inmune en camarón como una respuesta temprana. Sin embargo, el SAR sin-BF promueve una respuesta similar. Palabras clave: aquicultura; biofloc; camarón; expresión genética; Penaeidina; péptido antimicrobiano; SAR; sistema inmune de camarón. Resumo Antecedentes: A criação de camarões está evoluindo de sistemas semi-intensivos para hiper-intensivos como tecnologia de bioflocos e sistemas de recirculação. Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta transcricional promovida pelo biofloco em um sistema de aquicultura recirculante (SAR). Métodos: Utilizamos RT-PCR quantitativo em tempo real para monitorar sete genes-chave relacionados ao sistema imune em pós-larvas de camarão, criados em SAR com e sem bioflocos (BF e no-BF). Além disso, apresentamos pela primeira vez sequências nucleotídicas do fator de ribosilação do ADP 4 (LvArf4) de Litopenaeus vannamei. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que o Penaeidina3 (PEN3), Penaeidina4 (Pen4), Crustina e Toll genes (LvToll) foram sobre-expressos entre 3 e 24 h em ambos os sistemas, e o Factor de Necrose do Receptor 6 associado e protuberância (TRAF6) no BF como uma resposta precoce. Com relação à expressão diferencial entre tratamentos, 13 ocorrências foram apresentadas. Nove onde o BF foi maior do que os não-BF e quatro onde o não-BF foi maior do que o BF. A expressão foi maior do que em BF não-BF em Pen3, Crustin, LvToll, TRAF6, IMD e LvArf4. Em contraste, a expressão foi mais elevada no não-BF em Pen3, Pen4 e TRAF6. Conclusões: O BF modula a transcrição de resposta imune relacionada no camarão como um genes de resposta precoce. No entanto, o SAR não BF promove uma resposta semelhante. Palavras-chave: aquicultura; biofloco; camarão; expressão genética; Penaeidina; peptídeo antimicrobiano; SAR; sistema imunológico do camarão.

The production of healthy and safe food is a global demand, aquaponics is presented as a sustainable alternative, however, many aspects of its operation need to be characterized. The objective was to evaluate the productive variables of three varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa): orejona (LO), French (LF) and babe sucrine (LBS), with tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in aquaponic systems (SA). Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrites, nitrates and ammonium were recorded. Productive variables of both species were calculated after 34 days, the best was presented in LO, followed by LBS and LF, in tilapia it was SA2, SA3 and SA1 (P > 0.05). The environmental variables remained within acceptable values (P > 0.05). It is possible to grow all three varieties of lettuce in aquaponics, but LO gives the best yield, tilapias can provide nutrients for its growth and simultaneously maintain good water quality in aquaponic systems.

Lo que el aula no enseña. Una investigación sobre inteligencia emocional, docencia y aprendizaje analiza la relación entre las emociones y los procesos educativos en la escuela secundaria. A partir de una investigación cualitativa realizada con estudiantes y docentes de una institución pública mexicana, la obra examina el papel de la autoconciencia, la autorregulación, la asertividad y la empatía en la atención, la convivencia y el aprendizaje. El libro muestra que la dimensión emocional está presente en la vida escolar, aunque con frecuencia no se atiende por falta de formación, tiempo y herramientas. Como aporte principal, propone un modelo práctico, gratuito y replicable para que los docentes integren la educación emocional en sus actividades cotidianas. También aborda la participación familiar, el cerebro adolescente, el uso de pantallas, el liderazgo escolar y el desgaste docente. Dirigida a educadores, investigadores, directivos y familias, la obra sostiene que enseñar no significa únicamente transmitir conocimientos, sino crear las condiciones emocionales necesarias para aprender.