Objective: The prevalence of obesity by fat percentage has seen a steady increase in older adults in recent years, secondary to increases in fat mass in body composition, even in healthy aging. Malnutrition is a common geriatric syndrome with serious clinical outcomes. Increases in fat mass and waist circumference with healthy aging should not prevent the risk of malnutrition from being masked. Malnutrition is often ignored in obese older people due to low BMI cut-off values in many screening tests. The present study seeks to raise awareness of the need to assess the frequency of undernutrition and related factors in obese older adults. Methods: The data of 2013 community-dwelling patients aged ≥ 60 years who applied to a university geriatrics outpatient clinic between April 2012 and November 2022 were analyzed retrospectively, of which 296 were found to be obese based on fat percentage and were included in the study. Demographic data and the presence of any geriatric syndromes were obtained retrospectively from the patient files, functional status was assessed using the KATZ Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale and the LAWTON-BRODY Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL); frailty was screened using FRAIL-scale; and the sample was assessed for malnutrition using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), with undernutrition defined as an MNA-SF score of $$\le 11.$$≤ 11 . The patients’ fat percentage and weight were measured using a bioimpedance analyzer. Fatty obesity was defined using the Zoico methodology (fat percentage $$\ge$$≥ 27.3% for males, $$\ge$$≥ 40.7% for females) $$,$$, handgrip strength (HGS) was measured using a hand dynamometer, and probable sarcopenia was defined as low HGS based on regional cut-off values (35 kg for males, 20 kg for females). Results: The mean age of the 296 fatty obese older adults (102 males/194 females) was 74.4 + 6.5 years, and the median fat was 42.2% (27.4–59.5). Undernutrition was detected in 19.6% of the patients based on MNA-SF screening. A univariate analysis revealed age, sex, educational status, daily physical activity status, depression, difficulty in swallowing, chewing difficulty, probable sarcopenia, number of chronic diseases, and IADL to be associated with undernutrition, while a multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed depression [OR = 3.662, 95% CI (1.448–9.013), p = 0.005] and daily physical activity status [OR:0.601, 95% CI (0.417–0.867), p = 0.006] to be independently associated with malnutrition in obese older adults based on fat percentage. Conclusion: The present study clarifies the significance of undernutrition in obese older adults also in our country, and recommends undernutrition screening to be carried out, by fat percentage, on obese older adults, especially with depression and low daily physical activity.

While the literature contains several studies on the frailty assessed during hospitalization and/or outpatient settings and nursing homes, few studies have assessed frailty in community-dwelling older adults. We investigated the prevalence of frailty and associated factors among older adults in a sample of community-dwelling older adults.

Background: Functional constipation (FC) is a geriatric syndrome that is common in the older adult’s population and can seriously affect the quality of life and may be a frequent cause of hospital visits. In this study, we planned to investigate the relationship between FC and its related factors for in older outpatients. Patients and methods: Participants aged 65 and over who applied to the geriatrics outpatient were included in the study. The diagnosis of FC was made according to the presence of the Rome IV criteria. Frailty was screened by the using FRAIL scale, ≥ 3 a score of were evaluated as frail. Participants quality of life was evaluated by Euro-Quality of Life Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS). Results: The study included 602 participants. FC prevalence was found 28.7%. In univariate analyses, FC was found related to age, having a diagnosis of depression or Parkinson diseases, frailty, urinary incontinence, sleep disorders, number of chronic diseases, and EQ-VAS. In multivariate analyses, FC was not found to be associated by the frailty while the number of chronic diseases [OR=1.212, 95%CI (1.084-1.355), p=0.001] and EQ-VAS were found to be related [OR=0.988, 95%CI (0.978-0.997), p=0.012]. Conclusion: In the results of this study, FC was not found to be associated by frailty in older outpatients but it emerged as a syndrome that should be screened frequently in patients with a high number of chronic diseases and a low general quality of life.