Background/Objectives: Severe extravasation injuries require prompt, agent-specific intervention to prevent avoidable tissue loss, yet they are often first assessed by surgeons with no structured training in their management. This study aimed to identify knowledge gaps in evidence-based extravasation management and to determine whether seniority, formal training or institutional factors are associated with a higher knowledge score. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in June 2026 among orthopedic and plastic surgeons in Türkiye. In total, 359 eligible physicians responded to a 17-item knowledge instrument covering definitions, severity grading, treatment decisions and risk factors, alongside items on demographics, training and institutional infrastructure. Scores were dichotomized at 70% correct to define a high knowledge level, and logistic regression identified independent predictors. Results: The mean knowledge score was 10.0 ± 3.5 of 17 (KR-20 = 0.795), and 127 of 359 participants (35.4%) reached the high-knowledge threshold. Deficiencies were not uniformly distributed: accuracy was high for basic definitional items (76–90%) but markedly lower for time-sensitive therapeutic decisions, including antidote selection and flush-technique indications (51–59%), and for recognition of high-risk agents (24.0%). No independent association was detected between knowledge level and professional seniority, formal training or institution type. More frequent case exposure was associated with a higher mean score in unadjusted analysis (p = 0.017) but was not retained after adjustment. Conclusions: Substantial knowledge gaps were identified across surgical specialties, concentrated in the time-sensitive decisions in which errors may contribute to preventable tissue loss. No independent association was detected between knowledge level and either seniority or formal training; experiential learning alone may therefore not ensure familiarity with current evidence-based management. Standardized cross-specialty education and institutional protocols are needed.

Background/Objectives: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) may cause progressive spinal rigidity and kyphotic deformity, with consequences for physical function, quality of life, and sexual health. Data regarding sexual function following corrective spinal osteotomy in women with AS are limited. This study aimed to describe radiological and functional changes and to explore within-patient changes in sexual function following corrective spinal osteotomy. Methods: This retrospective single-center case series analyzed prospectively maintained data from female patients with AS who underwent single-level pedicle subtraction osteotomy for thoracolumbar kyphosis between 2015 and 2024. The primary outcome was the change in total Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score from baseline to the standardized two-year assessment. Secondary outcomes (analyzed as exploratory, without adjustment for multiplicity) included FSFI domains, Visual Analog Scale, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, and radiological parameters. Sexual-activity frequency, time to resumption of sexual activity, and preferred coital position were also recorded. Paired outcomes were analyzed using the exact Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and exploratory radiological–FSFI associations using Spearman’s correlation with false-discovery-rate adjustment. Results: Eleven patients with complete two-year data were included. Significant postoperative changes were observed in several sagittal alignment parameters, as well as in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) scores. Total FSFI and the desire, arousal, orgasm, and satisfaction domains increased, whereas lubrication and pain did not change significantly. A descriptive shift toward higher-frequency sexual activity and different preferred coital positions was also observed. Radiological–FSFI correlations were interpreted cautiously because of the small sample and multiple comparisons. Conclusions: In this small exploratory cohort, postoperative assessment was associated with improved radiological alignment, pain, physical function, and several domains of self-reported sexual function. These findings represent within-patient changes and exploratory associations and do not establish a causal effect of spinal osteotomy on sexual function or a specific safe interval for resumption of sexual activity. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these observations.