Пожары являются одним из мощных факторов краткосрочного и долгосрочного изменения экосистем, в том числе на особо охраняемых природных территориях. Число и интенсивность пожаров значительно возросли под влиянием освоения человеком земель, изменений климата, социально-экономического состояния населения. Основная цель данных исследований заключалась в долгосрочном анализе (2000–2024 гг.) частоты возгораний и площадей пожаров в пределах границ Наурзумского государственного природного заповедника (2000–2025) и на прилегающих к заповеднику землях. Особое значение данному исследованию придает высокий статус Наурзумского государственного природного заповедника как части объекта Всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО «Сырыарка – Степи и Озера Северного Казахстана (UNESCO World Heritage Site «Saryarka – Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan»). Для выполнения работ использовались современные технологии анализа спутниковых снимков в базах данных Landsat 8 и Sentinel-2. Учитывались термальные точки, даты наблюдений, площади пожаров. Впервые было показано, что за период с 2000 по 2024 гг. произошло 29 пожаров, суммарная площадь возгораний составила 833 589 га, из них в пределах границ заповедника 236 300 га. Для минимизации последствий пожаров предлагаются профилактические меры через постоянный контроль и мониторинг состояния ценных объектов природного наследия с использованием современных технологий дистанционного зондирования Земли. Результатами исследований стали количество и площади выгоревших территорий, влияющих на биоразнообразие заповедника за длительный период времени.
24 December 2025 in BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography Series
Пожары являются одним из мощных факторов краткосрочного и долгосрочного изменения экосистем, в том числе на особо охраняемых природных территориях. Число и интенсивность пожаров значительно возросли под влиянием освоения человеком земель, изменений климата, социально-экономического состояния населения. Основная цель данных исследований заключалась в долгосрочном анализе (2000–2024 гг.) частоты возгораний и площадей пожаров в пределах границ Наурзумского государственного природного заповедника (2000–2025) и на прилегающих к заповеднику землях. Особое значение данному исследованию придает высокий статус Наурзумского государственного природного заповедника как части объекта Всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО «Сырыарка – Степи и Озера Северного Казахстана (UNESCO World Heritage Site «Saryarka – Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan»). Для выполнения работ использовались современные технологии анализа спутниковых снимков в базах данных Landsat 8 и Sentinel-2. Учитывались термальные точки, даты наблюдений, площади пожаров. Впервые было показано, что за период с 2000 по 2024 гг. произошло 29 пожаров, суммарная площадь возгораний составила 833 589 га, из них в пределах границ заповедника 236 300 га. Для минимизации последствий пожаров предлагаются профилактические меры через постоянный контроль и мониторинг состояния ценных объектов природного наследия с использованием современных технологий дистанционного зондирования Земли. Результатами исследований стали количество и площади выгоревших территорий, влияющих на биоразнообразие заповедника за длительный период времени.
Plasma-facing components of fusion facilities must withstand a wide range of operating loads. Their structural integrity is strongly affected by plasma particles, including deuterium (D), tritium (T), and helium (He), as well as by 14 MeV neutrons, steady-state heat fluxes, and recurrent intense transient thermal loads. In most current studies, the effects of individual operating factors—such as neutron irradiation, plasma exposure, and thermal loading—are investigated separately, allowing the contribution of each factor to changes in material properties to be evaluated. However, degradation mechanisms arising from the synergistic action of these factors require investigation using more sophisticated experimental methodologies. The present study aims to develop a methodology for the simulation testing of materials intended for fusion applications and at investigating the structural and phase stability of Be12Ti, as well as its deuterium sorption behavior, following high-energy irradiation with 14 MeV D+ ions. Irradiation was performed at ion flux densities of approximately 8.6 × 1014 ions·cm−2·s−1 and 1.06 × 1020 ions·cm−2·s−1. The irradiation-induced target temperatures reached approximately 400K and 1000K, respectively. An intermetallic Be12Ti alloy produced at the Ulba Metallurgical Plant in Kazakhstan was used as the target material. The selection of Be12Ti was motivated by existing fusion reactor concepts that consider this intermetallic compound as a neutron multiplier material, including the Japanese JA DEMO concept.
As part of the development of an experimental method for evaluating the accumulation and retention of hydrogen ions to address materials science problems related to thermonuclear fusion, titanium beryllide (Be₁₂Ti) samples produced in Kazakhstan were irradiated with high-energy deuterium ions. The choice of material is justified by existing concepts of fusion facilities, in which Be₁₂Ti is proposed for use as a first-wall material, for example, in JA DEMO. The investigated samples were irradiated with 14 MeV deuterium ions under two irradiation modes differing in irradiation time, particle flux density, and total fluence. To study the mechanisms of gas accumulation and release in the material, the irradiated Be₁₂Ti samples were examined by thermal desorption spectroscopy. The Be₁₂Ti sample exposed to a deuterium flux for a longer time at a relatively lower particle flux density demonstrated significantly higher accumulation of D⁺ ions. At the same time, the sample irradiated for a shorter time but with a high-density flux resulted in significantly lower gas accumulation. The results show that the high-energy deuterium ion irradiation technique can be used as an experimental approach for evaluating hydrogen accumulation and retention in materials for fusion facilities.
30 September 2025 in Scientific Journal of Astana IT University
The growing frequency of floods and the resulting socio-economic losses highlight the need for accurate and automated tools for detecting and monitoring water surfaces. This study presents a methodology for automatic water surface recognition based on high-resolution ICEYE synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The algorithm is implemented in the Google Earth Engine environment and uses the Random Forest machine-learning model trained on manually labeled “water” and “land” classes derived directly from the radar imagery. Preprocessing, performed in ESA SNAP, included radiometric calibration, Range-Doppler terrain correction, and speckle filtering to ensure accurate backscatter representation. The trained model was applied to ICEYE VV-polarized images acquired over Uralsk, Kazakhstan, on April 20–21, 2024, during a major regional flood. To validate the results, the Random Forest–derived masks were compared with those obtained using traditional methods such as Otsu and fixed-threshold classification, as well as optical masks generated from Sentinel-2 NDWI and MNDWI indices. Quantitative evaluation showed an overall accuracy of 76.8 % and a kappa coefficient of 0.535, while the area under the ROC curve (AUC = 0.91) indicated strong discriminatory capability. The Random Forest model demonstrated greater spatial precision and reduced false-positive mapping compared to threshold-based methods, confirming its suitability for operational flood monitoring. The proposed approach highlights the potential of ICEYE data for near-real-time water surface mapping, especially under cloud-covered conditions where optical sensors are ineffective. Moreover, the developed workflow ensures reproducibility and can be integrated into automated flood-response systems for rapid situation assessment. In the future, incorporating additional polarimetric and texture features is expected to further enhance model performance and extend its applicability to diverse hydrological environments.
30 June 2026 in Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan
This study presents a satellite-based approach to monitoring snow cover dynamics in Kazakhstan using long-term MODIS observations. The methodology enables the extraction of key snow season metrics, including first snowfall date (FSD), snowfall duration (SDC), and last snowfall date (LSD). The approach was applied to representative regions of southeastern Kazakhstan, including the Tien Shan, Kolsai Lakes, Bartogay Reservoir, and Lake Balkhash. A spatiotemporal analysis of snow cover variability for 2001–2024 was conducted, and relationships with global climate indices (ENSO and AO) were identified. The results demonstrate significant regional differences in snow cover stability and highlight the sensitivity of low-lying regions to climate variability.