This study was carried out in Khartoum state, during November, 2019. Acacia nilotica was chosen for this study because of its using traditionally in treatment of many diseases. The Phytochemical constitutions of A. nilotica were investigated with aim to identify the antimicrobial effects of this plant. The dried fruit cover of Acacia nilotica was extracted successively with petroleum-ether, chloroform, methanol and distilled water. The phytochemical screening carried out on different extracts of Acacia nilotica fruit cover showed high amount of Glycosides, Flavonoids and Terpenoids (in all extracts) and moderate amount of Tannin in methanol and distilled water extracts, Alkaloids (acid and base) in methanol extract and Saponin in methanol and petroleum-ether extracts. The antimicrobial activity of extracts were evaluated against four standard bacteria species (gram positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis ) and (gram negative bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli ). The plates were inoculated for sensitivity testing, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured. The results of antimicrobial investigation show that the distilled water and methanolic extracts inhibited the growth of all microorganisms (Specified by the zone of inhibition). The results provide promising baseline information for potential use of these crude extracts in drug development programs in the pharmaceutical industries.

Sensitive and precise nucleic acid detection is critical for clinical diagnostics and biotechnological advancements. Diagnostic in infectious disease field is very unique from diagnosing any other disease, that is time is of the essence; in outbreaks people die even with each passing hour in some cases, if the correct diagnosis wasn't make; for example Zika in particularly is a very challenging virus to diagnose, because it's in very few numbers of copies in the infected person, so it need high sensitive diagnostic approach to spot it, In particular, the advanced tools SHERLOCKv2 and DETECTR, give almost an immediate detection of attomolar amounts of pathogenic nucleic acids with specificity similar to that of PCR but with slight technical settings and that will guide the correct intervention for the patient. SHERLOCKv2 and DETECTR technologies are game changers for our ability to identify infectious disease and rapid detection of tumor DNA or cancer-related viruses with ultra-sensitive tests that don’t require a lot of complicated processing to go through. In this paper, we will review cutting-edge infectious disease diagnosis by CRISPR-Cas systems.

Background: While mankind is still dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, on May 7, 2022, a case of monkeypox virus (MPXV) has been reported to the WHO. Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease with characteristics comparable to those seen in smallpox cases in the past. It has been a public health threat, particularly in Africa, but recently have been circulating the world, consequently, may become a global public health threat in a very short period. Thus, the current work was planned and then constructed a multi-epitope vaccine that can evoke an immunological response against MPXV utilizing cell surface-binding protein as a target in order to develop a novel vaccine that is both safe and almost free of side effects. Results: The proposed vaccine composed of 304 amino acids and was shown to be antigenic in Vaxijen server (0. 5311) and nonallergenic in AllerTop server. The 3D structure of the designed vaccine is predicted, refined and validated by various in silico tools to assess the stability of the vaccine. Moreover, solubility of the vaccine construct was found greater than the average solubility provided by protein-Sol server indicating the solubility of the vaccine construct. Moreover, the most promising epitopes bound to MHC I and MHC II alleles were found having good binding affinities with low energies ranging between ₋7.0 - ₋8.1kcal/mol. Conclusion: We conclude from our research that the cell surface-binding protein is one of the primary proteins involved in MPXV pathogenesis. The most promising epitopes were selected using a rigorous procedure and used for vaccine design. As a result, our study will aid in the development of appropriate therapeutics and prompt the development of future vaccines against MPXV, which could serve as an important milestone in the production of an antiviral vaccine against MPXV.

This study was carried out in Khartoum State, during December 2017 The plant of Ziziphus spina-christi belong to family Rhamnaceae and locally known as Cedar, it was chosen for this study because of its using traditionally in treatment of many diseases. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) approach had been used to the dried sample at 170°C to reduce both time and extraction solvent volume, and to decrease the damage of bioactive compounds without extending the period of extraction. 20 g of sample was soaked with Petroleum ether, Ethyl-acetate, ethanol, methanol and distilled water for 72 hour. The extracts were concentrated using rotary evaporator at 40°C and were stored at 4°C. The phytochemical screening were carried out on different extracts of Ziziphus spina-christi stem bark and they showed to contain high amount of Tannins (4+ in all extracts), moderate amount of flavonoids and Triterpenes, trace amount of coumarins and Alkaloids and high amount of Saponins, Anthraquinones and Cardiac glycosides. The antimicrobial activity of extracts were evaluated against four standard bacteria species (gram positive; Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus ) and (gram negative; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; in addition of one standard fungi ( Candida albicans ). The results of antimicrobial tests indicated that the methanolic extract inhibited the growth of all microorganisms and most extracts showed several points of antimicrobial activity. These findings act as platform to assist in cure of bacterial and fungal infections.

Currently SARS-CoV-2 is spreading around the world as an Omicron strain. Recently, the Omicron variants (BQ.1 and BQ.1.1) were identified as novel Variants of Concern. UpToDate, there is little information about the Omicron Variants BQ.1 and BQ.1.1. The widely altered Omicron variants are spread globally, providing a high risk of infection surges with devastating consequences in some areas. The Omicron type of SARS-CoV-2 has a harm risk of reinfection, according to early reported findings. COVID-19 Variants particularly, BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 have gained global attention and caused a worldwide sensation since their discovery. Therefore, this communication discusses the present status of COVID-19 Variants BQ.1 and BQ.1.1, and their consequences.

The integration of bioinformatics in drug discovery has revolutionized the field of pharmaceutical research. The use of computational tools and techniques has enabled researchers to analyze vast amounts of data, identify potential drug targets, and design new drugs with greater precision and efficiency. The integration of bioinformatics has also facilitated the development of personalized medicine, where drugs can be tailored to individual patients based on their genetic makeup. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed, such as the need for more accurate predictive models and the ethical considerations surrounding the use of patient data. Overall, the integration of bioinformatics in drug discovery holds great promise for improving human health and advancing our understanding of disease mechanisms. In this mini-review, we discuss how Bioinformatics plays a crucial role in each step of drug discovery by providing tools and techniques to analyze large amounts of data generated from various sources, as well as the challenges and the opportunities offered by bioinformatics.