Данная работа посвящена оценке пространственной дифференциации сельского хозяйства и выявлению причин сложившейся дифференциации на территориях, где наблюдаются контрасты в развитии экономики в целом и сельскохозяйственной отрасли в частности. Использован метод экономико-географического профилирования для межстоличья (по линии профиля Минск — Москва), исследована динамика развития сельского хозяйства за последние 10 лет. Предложены подходы к применению метода профилирования для выделения возможных ареалов роста, которые могут стать драйверами развития сельского хозяйства, а также депрессивных территорий, которые необходимо развивать прежде всего с помощью различных инструментов межнациональной и региональной политики. Важнейшую роль в развитии депрессивных территорий может сыграть именно сельское хозяйство, характеризующееся короткими циклами производства продукции и возможностью быстрого внедрения инноваций, которые неизбежно возникают при трансграничном сотрудничестве вследствие перетока знаний и технологий, обмена опытом и кооперации. В результате построения профиля были выявлены два формирующихся территориальных аграрных кластера в Республике Беларусь. Даны количественные и качественные оценки существующему разрыву в уровне развития сельского хозяйства между двумя государствами, который оказался значительнее, чем ожидалось (по некоторым товарным категориям более чем на порядок). Профилирование за различные временные отрезки позволило выделить основные тенденции сельскохозяйственного развития межстоличья — агрополизацию, поляризацию и опережающее развитие российского сектора в последние годы вследствие политики импортозамещения. При этом влияние столиц двух государств и наличие емких потребительских рынков на данном этапе не привело к формированию высокоинтенсивного пригородного сельского хозяйства. Показано отсутствие влияния межстоличного положения для периферийных (в данном случае приграничных) территорий Республики Беларусь и России. сельское хозяйство, профилирование, Союзное государство, межстоличные территории, депрессивные регионы

Agro-industrial clusters have become an important instrument of agricultural transformation in Uzbekistan, yet their spatial organization remains insufficiently examined from a geographical perspective. This study investigates the spatial concentration, sectoral differentiation, and geographical characteristics associated with the distribution of agro-industrial clusters in the Samarkand Region. The analysis combines official statistical data, descriptive GIS-based spatial analysis, Location Quotient (LQ) assessment, Global Moran’s I, district-level correlation analysis, and exploratory scenario analysis. The results reveal pronounced territorial differentiation, although Global Moran’s I indicates no statistically significant region-wide spatial autocorrelation (I = −0.218, p = 0.346). Cotton–textile clusters are concentrated in districts with extensive irrigated agricultural land, with a significant positive association supported by both Pearson (r = 0.571, p = 0.033) and Spearman (ρ = 0.737, p = 0.003) correlations. Fruit and vegetable clusters also show descriptive concentration in irrigated districts, although no statistically significant district-level association was identified. Other cluster types exhibit spatial patterns associated descriptively with processing infrastructure, feed resources, market accessibility, and historical agricultural specialization. Illustrative scenarios suggest that future development may increasingly depend on production intensification, value-added processing, and export diversification under conditions of limited irrigated land and growing water scarcity. Conceptually, the findings show that Uzbekistan’s agro-industrial “clusters” function as state-initiated, vertically integrated production systems rather than classical market-driven Porterian clusters. Given the aggregated district-level and exploratory nature of the analysis, the findings should be interpreted as ecological spatial associations rather than causal or cluster-level mechanisms.

Aim. To determine the possible participation of agricultural production in ensuring the development of tourist destinations in the Bukhara region in order to possibly attract additional tourists and increase the time spent by tourists in the Bukhara region.Methodology.  Based on systematic observations and statistical information, modern tourist traffic to the Bukhara region has been studied, and the existing main tourism facilities that determine modern tourist traffic with specifics for the Russian user have been evaluated. Based on the calculation of the coefficients of localization of agriculture, possible directions of agrotourism have been identified to increase the traffic of tourists and the number of days of stay. The regional specialization of agriculture was calculated to identify potential destinations in the development of agricultural tourism in the region.Results. The growth of the participation of the tourism industry in the economy of Uzbekistan has been established against the background of global trends. The patterns of the most important tourist traffic in the Bukhara region (time aspect) are revealed: an increase in the importance of local tourism and an increase in the number of arrivals from Russia. The leading role of the Bukhara region in agricultural production with high growth rates in the last decade is shown based on calculated coefficients of localization of agriculture and per capita production of agricultural products in the regions of Uzbekistan. The specialization of the districts of the Bukhara region in one of the most tourist–attractive areas of agriculture - fruit growing is analyzed in more detail. The most diverse fruit production areas are Zhondorsky, Romitan, Peshkunsky and Shafirkan districts. The main trends in the development of tourism in the districts of the Bukhara region have been identified based on the formation of new directions and routes combining several areas of tourism.Research implications. A modern assessment of the tourist flows of Uzbekistan (domestic tourism and foreign tourism) is given. The bottlenecks of tourism in the Bukhara region have been identified. New routes have been proposed, including elements of religious, ecological and agricultural tourism.

   Aim.  To identify the presence and importance of the functions of small towns for agriculture, including for additional income for the population, due to low living standards in regions with low indicators of natural resource potential.    Methodology.  Based on systematic observations and statistical information verified during the 2023–2024 expeditionary studies in small towns of the subjects of the Federation bordering the Republic of Belarus, the current state of agricultural production in small towns has been studied. The available conditions of the state and development of agriculture in the urban environment are assessed.    Results.  The modern functions of a small town are revealed for small towns in the Non-Chernozem zone that are in a state of constant depopulation of the population, with high rates of the proportion of citizens of retirement age and low incomes of the majority of citizens. Based on the survey, the reasons for the use of personal utility plots in the city were identified: traditions, low incomes, the need to harvest products for the winter due to an insufficient assortment in stores, and assistance to children living in other regions. Based on the verification of agricultural data, the main directions of agriculture in groups of small towns are clarified; the relationship with agro-climatic conditions (physical and geographical location of the city), established traditions (for example, Demidov as an important center of cucumber production), and transport accessibility to large ("metropolitan") cities is shown. The efficiency of production in private subsidiary farms is calculated; the importance of a small town in the formation of efficiency is shown.    Research implications. The factors characterizing the influence of a small town on the development of agriculture both within the city limits and within the surrounding territories are determined. It has been established that during the period of the depressive development of the territorial economy, the influence of the natural and climatic factor on the differentiation of specialization of urban agriculture by latitude is minimal. Possible trends in the development of the agricultural sector in small towns are shown.

The past 20 years since the relocation of Kazakhstan’s capital to Astana will require understanding of the formation processes of agriculture due to the availability of government documents, involving the creation around Astana food belt. Aim. To consider in a comparative analysis of the processes taking place in agriculture in Metropolitan regions (capital) of Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The use of factor analysis, cartographic method of research based on materials of official statistics has helped to identify trends that shape the modern agricultural development near these major cities. Results. Determined that in terms of the relief with a small relative height (Astana), and in areas of significant elevation changes (Almaty) institutional factor often determines the specificity of agricultural production on the background of planetary latitudinal zonality, which create to asymmetry in development. The impact of large cities on agriculture (local specialization), in the absence of state documents formed within the boundaries of administrative areas, and in the presence of such documents is expanded to the necessary size of the territory. It is shown the territorial vectors, the formation of agricultural production around these major cities. Shows the evaluation of the contribution of administrative units of the second order in the creation of suburban agricultural specialization.