Objective. The influence of cognitive impairment after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on cerebral vascular perfusion has been widely concerned, yet the resting-state cerebral blood flow (CBF) connectivity alterations based on arterial spin labeling (ASL) in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remain unclear. This study investigated region CBF and CBF connectivity features in acute mTBI patients, as well as the associations between CBF changes and cognitive impairment. Materials and Methods. Forty-five acute mTBI patients and 42 health controls underwent pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The alterations in regional CBF and relationship between the CBF changes and cognitive impairment were detected. The ASL-CBF connectivity of the brain regions with regional CBF significant differences was also compared between two groups. Neuropsychological tests covered seven cognitive domains. Associations between the CBF changes and cognitive impairment were further investigated. Results. Compared with the healthy controls, the acute mTBI patients exhibited increased CBF in the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and decreased CBF in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), the bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and the right cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL). In the mTBI patients, significant correlations were identified between the CBF changes and cognitive impairment. Importantly, the acute mTBI patients exhibited CBF disconnections between the right CPL and right fusiform gyrus (FG) as well as bilateral ITG, between the left SFG and left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and between the right SFG and right FG as well as right parahippocampal gyrus. Conclusion. Our results suggest that acute mTBI patients exhibit both regional CBF abnormalities and CBF connectivity deficits, which may underlie the cognitive impairment of the acute mTBI patients.

How neurobiological underpinnings regulate the heterogeneous expression of structural-functional connectivity coupling (SFC) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains largely unknown. Our work examines changes in SFC in PD patients. The investigation was carried out to check the spatial distribution of SFC along the cyto-architectonic hierarchy. We related the excitation-inhibition balance (E/I ratio) to the expression of SFC in both PD and normal controls. The difference in the impact of the E/I ratio on SFC was compared between the groups. We found that widespread SFC increases occurred in PD. The distribution of SFC gradually increased along the cyto-architectonic hierarchy. A lower E/I ratio was found to be associated with more rigid SFC in both groups. The abilities of E/I ratio shaping SFC were heterogeneously disturbed in PD. Our work delivers a new framework to conceptualize structure–function relationships in PD patients, paving the way for an improved understanding of how neurobiological factors induce reorganization in the brain with PD invasion.