A series of new hybrid molecules containing 2-furyl and partially saturated pyridine fragments was obtained based on the reaction of cyanothioacetamide with furfural and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. The resulting compounds were tested in vivo for analgesic activity (rats) in the orofacial trigeminal pain test. Some the tested compounds showed an antinociceptive effect, superior to that of the reference drug (metamizole sodium).

New [1,2]dithiolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxamides were synthesized through the reaction of dithiomalondianilide (N,N′-diphenyldithiomalondiamide) with 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylamides or via a three-component reaction involving aromatic aldehydes, cyanoacetamide and dithiomalondianilide in the presence of morpholine. The structure of 6-amino-4-(2,4-dichloro- phenyl)-7-phenyl-3-(phenylimino)-4,7-dihydro-3H-[1,2]dithiolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide was confirmed using X-ray crystallography. To understand the reaction mechanism in detail, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed with a Grimme B97-3c composite computational scheme. The results revealed that the rate-limiting step is a cyclization process leading to the closure of the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring, with an activation barrier of 28.8 kcal/mol. Some of the dithiolo[3,4-b]pyridines exhibited moderate herbicide safening effects against 2,4-D. Additionally, ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicity) parameters were calculated and molecular docking studies were performed to identify potential protein targets.

A series of new hybrid molecules containing fragments of anestesin and 4-(2-furyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinonitrile have been obtained starting from diketene, ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, cyanothioacetamide, and furfural. The obtained compounds have been investigated for the analgesic activity in vivo (rats) in the orofacial trigeminal pain and acetic acid induced writhing tests. The compounds exhibiting analgesic effect superior to that of the reference drug (metamizole sodium) have been revealed. Molecular docking has been performed for the considered compounds with respect to a wide range of protein targets, including cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2.

Noncatalyzed, regio- and stereoselective hypochlorite oxidation of 3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamides is presented. Unexpectedly, the oxidation proceeded by different mechanistic pathways, and different products were formed, depending on the nature of solvents used. A possible mechanism, the structure of products, kinetics and dynamics of intramolecular processes, and biological activity of products are discussed.