Background/Aim: Child and adolescent obesity is currently one of the most pressing public health challenges. Digital technology-based interventions are becoming increasingly important in supporting weight loss motivation and promoting healthy lifestyles. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of technology tools on the BMI (body mass index) and their impact on health attitudes in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, analysing studies published between 2011 and 2024 on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Of the 1475 articles identified and analysed, 59 met the inclusion criteria. Studies were assessed based on the type of technology used, the type of intervention, family involvement, the level of personalisation and their impact on BMI and motivation. Results: The systematic review showed that digital technologies—in particular mobile apps, wearables and m-health platforms—can effectively support weight reduction and improved eating habits in children and adolescents. The most beneficial results were observed in interventions that were personalised and included caregiver support. In addition, digital technology was shown to have a positive impact on participants’ psychological well-being. Conclusions: Digital technology-based interventions can be an effective tool in the prevention and treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. However, their success depends on a comprehensive approach that includes psychological, social and cognitive developmental factors.

Background/Objectives: Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms, as well as disturbances of the self and metacognitive dysfunction. Increasing evidence suggests that these dimensions contribute substantially to psychosocial functioning and recovery, yet they are often investigated separately. This narrative review aims to integrate current knowledge on self-disturbances and metacognition in schizophrenia and discuss their relevance for contemporary therapeutic approaches. This review proposes an integrative conceptual framework positioning disturbances of the minimal self and metacognitive dysfunction as complementary dimensions that may contribute to schizophrenia psychopathology and may have relevance for recovery-oriented interventions. Methods: A narrative review of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted. Classical theoretical papers, recent empirical studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses addressing self-disturbances, metacognition, and therapeutic interventions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders were analyzed. Results: Current evidence indicates that disturbances of the minimal self and metacognitive dysfunction may represent complementary and interacting dimensions of schizophrenia psychopathology. Self-disturbances affect the subjective sense of identity, agency, and self-presence, whereas metacognitive deficits impair the integration of information about oneself and others into coherent mental representations. These impairments are associated with poorer psychosocial functioning, reduced quality of life, and limited recovery. Interventions targeting metacognitive functioning, including Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy, Metacognitive Training, and cognitive remediation, have shown promising effects on functional outcomes and recovery. Conclusions: Integrating phenomenological concepts of self-disturbance with contemporary metacognitive models may provide a broader understanding of schizophrenia than symptom-based approaches alone. In clinical practice, instruments such as the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) and Metacognition Assessment Scale–Abbreviated (MAS-A) may complement standard assessment by providing information about anomalous self-experiences, insight, and psychosocial functioning. However, the additional diagnostic value of combining these assessments with established clinical procedures has not yet been clearly demonstrated. They should therefore be regarded as supplementary tools that may inform clinical formulation and individualized, recovery-oriented treatment planning rather than as standalone diagnostic measures.