Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious post-infectious complication of SARS-CoV-2, marked by systemic hyperinflammation with frequent neurological involvement. Neuroimaging is pivotal for detecting CNS pathology, yet data remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the neuroimaging features and clinical outcomes in MIS-C patients with neurological symptoms. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 48 pediatric patients (mean age 9.3 ± 1.2 years; range 4–18 years; 58.3% boys) with neurological symptoms within 2–4 weeks of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection meeting Centers for Disease Control and prevention criteria (CDC) for MIS-C. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were followed by brain MRI (and spinal MRI when indicated). Imaging included basic MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), ADC mapping, and contrast-enhanced sequences. Results: Encephalitis was the most frequent diagnosis (20.8%), followed by ADEM and Guillain-Barré syndrome (each 16.7%). Neurological symptoms included headache (66.7%), seizures (45.8%), encephalopathy (41.7%), and gait disturbances (37.5%). MRI findings were nonconfluent multifocal white matter hyperintensities (33.3%), confluent lesions (29.2%). Splenial lesions (62.5%), and diffusion restriction (75%). Normal brain MRI occurred in 16.7%. Spinal MRI was normal in 70.8%, while long segment myelitis (16.7%) and caudaequina enhancement (12.5%) were observed. Radiological resolution occurred in 66.7%. Clinically, 66.7% had a good outcome; poor outcome and death occurred in 16.7% each. Mean hospital stay was 16.8 ± 9.2 days Conclusion: MIS-C associated with COVID-19 can cause diverse neuroimaging abnormalities, particularly white matter and splenial changes, reflecting immune-mediated CNS injury. Early neuroimaging is vital for proper diagnosis and better prognosis in affected children.

Background: The pathophysiology of bone malignancies has become better understood owing to the appearance of hybrid positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) modality which has a huge influence on treatment strategies. The study aimed to clarify the supplementary benefits of PET/CT in the staging of primary bone malignancies and the assessment of post-therapeutic response. Methods: Thirty six patients with pathologically proven primary malignant bone tumors were included in this cross-sectional prospective study. Every patient had PET/CT scan performed for staging/restaging and evaluation of therapeutic response. The gold standard reference to verify the accuracy of the study results was biopsy/histopathology. Results: FDG-PET/CT demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity than CT in evaluation of therapeutic response and follow-up of cases to detect residual/recurrent lesions with sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 100%, positive and negative predicative values 100% and 87.5% respectively and overall accuracy 94.4%. Meanwhile, CT sensitivity was 81.8%, specificity 71.4%, positive and negative predicative value were 81.8% and 71.4% and accuracy 77.8%. Conclusion: As a promising non-invasive diagnostic method for evaluating primary bone malignancies; PET/CT is an imaging modality that offers a high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy.

Background: Among the most frequent causes of cancer-related mortality is bronchogenic carcinoma. Radiological imaging is essential for prognosis prediction and therapy planning. PET/CT greatly improves management approach and offer more accurate staging and follow up. The study's objective is to assess PET/CT impact on lung cancer restaging and follow up. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 48 cases of pathologically confirmed bronchogenic carcinoma incorporated for staging and follow-up after therapy. Every patient had PET/CT, and the data was analyzed using TNM staging also RECIST and PERCIST criteria used for treatment response assessment. Results: PET/CT resulted in modification in TNM staging for 16 patients and 12 patients showed various surgical staging. In follow up group, ten cases had differences between RECIST and PERCIST results with the majority of them (6 cases) displayed alteration from partial response to stable response. When pre- and post-treatment SUVs in responder and non-responder groups were compared, it was found that responder group's post-treatment SUV was significantly lower than baseline SUV (P<0.001). With an AUC of 0.948, P value <0.001, and at a cutoff value of ≤9, we discovered that post-treatment SUV can successfully distinguish responders from non-responders with 100% sensitivity, 63.64% specificity, 76.55% PPV, and 100% NPV and ∆ SUV can distinguish with 100% sensitivity and 54.55% specificity. Conclusion: PET/CT was found to be reliable and efficient in assessment of tumor, nodal and metastatic staging leading to significant impact on TNM staging of bronchogenic carcinoma and provide a more comprehensive and functional therapy assessment.

Objectives: To identify the predictive values of MRI features and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements that can be used to discriminate high-grade from low grade soft-tissue sarcoma (STS). Patients and methods: In this retrospective research, patients with different histologic grades of STS diagnosed between 2018 and 2020 who had undergone MRI examination and DWI before neo-adjuvant treatment or surgery were included. STS grades (grades 1–3) were recorded from the pathologic specimens and images were evaluated for tumour location, depth, size and characteristic MRI features discriminating low-grade lesions (grade 1 and 2) from high-grade ones (grades 3). Results: Fifty two patients; 29 (55.7%) men and 23 (44.3 %) women with STS, 24 patients with low-grade and 28 patients with high-grade were included. The commonest pathologic type was undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (n = 14), with the majority of tumors 32/52 (61.5%) were in lower extremities. There were three main MRI findings related more to high grade STS: Presence of area compatible with necrosis, tumor margins < 50 % definition and peri-tumoral enhancement, in addition to the ADC mean which was significantly lower in high-grade (0.921±0.308) than in low-grades tumors (1.24±0.414); (p = 0.0006). Conclusion: Our research appraises the conventional MRI findings of tumor margin definitions, amount of necrosis, and peri-tumoral enhancement in addition to ADC measurements in grading of STS with significant reliability to offer predictive data and support clinical decision making.

Aim: Traditional CSF evaluation has relied on invasive methods, such as lumbar puncture. Recent advances, particularly phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI), offer a non-invasive alternative capable of both qualitative and quantitative CSF flow assessment. This study investigated whether quantitative CSF flowmetry adds diagnostic value in pediatric posterior fossa cystic malformations. Methods: In this multicenter, prospective study, 45 pediatric patients (aged 1–14 years) with suspected hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure completed MRI protocols between October 2024 and April 2025. Patients with mixed or solid lesions, or who did not complete the protocol, were excluded. Results: No significant intergroup differences were found in end-diastolic velocity (EDV). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) was significantly lower in the Dandy-Walker Malformation (DWM) + Vermis Hypoplasia (VH) group. Stroke volume (SV) was significantly lower in Mega Cisterna Magna (MCM) and Arachnoid Cyst (AC) groups. Hydrocephalus distribution showed no significant association with cyst type. Conclusion: Quantitative CSF flowmetry alone does not significantly enhance diagnostic differentiation among posterior fossa cystic malformations. However, qualitative assessment proved valuable in distinguishing communicating from non-communicating ACs, with implications for surgical planning. Advances in knowledge: While quantitative PC-MRI provides detailed flow metrics, its standalone diagnostic value in routine evaluation of pediatric posterior fossa malformations appears limited. Its role may be best reserved for complementing qualitative CSF flowmetry in select cases.