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Sustainable grazing land management (SGLM) is crucial to prevent land degradation and support food security and human well-being and may contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. To facilitate a wide-scale adoption of SGLM, further quantification of its multiple impacts and tradeoffs between ecosystem services is needed. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of SGLM measures to protect ecosystem services and contribute to sustainable development, based on an evaluation of 30 SGLM technologies in semi-arid regions documented in the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) and an additional narrative literature review. We first analyzed (i) environmental characteristics and conditions, (ii) costs and benefits, and (iii) socioeconomic and environmental impacts of SGLM. Based on this analysis, we disentangle how SGLM affects ecosystem services and contributes to a sustainable development. The results show that SGLM represents a wide range of practices either aimed at (1) increasing the carrying capacity by improving the soil quality and the amount and type of vegetation or (2) preventing overgrazing by reducing animal pressure. The positive impacts of SGLM directly contribute to crucial provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural ecosystem services. On the other hand, while the management costs related to implementing SGLM are usually made by the landowners, many off-site impacts benefit wider society, indicating the need for political support and regulation. We recommend a large-scale implementation of SGLM as an effective means to deal with environmental challenges like desertification, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Elvira Díaz-Pereira; Asunción Romero-Díaz; Joris De Vente. Sustainable grazing land management to protect ecosystem services. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 2020, 25, 1461 -1479.
AMA StyleElvira Díaz-Pereira, Asunción Romero-Díaz, Joris De Vente. Sustainable grazing land management to protect ecosystem services. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 2020; 25 (8):1461-1479.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElvira Díaz-Pereira; Asunción Romero-Díaz; Joris De Vente. 2020. "Sustainable grazing land management to protect ecosystem services." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 25, no. 8: 1461-1479.
Soil degradation continues to be of the major threats for sustainable development and human well-being. Despite the advances in research, there is still a gap between research and effective conservation. To fill this gap, a change is needed in the paradigm of soil conservation research. Therefore, this paper aims to: (i) introduce the concept of Eco-Holistic- Soil Conservation (EHSC) to support the Sustainable Development Goals, (ii) present a framework for the implementation of EHSC, and (iii) show practical examples and recommendations of EHSC. The theory behind the concept of EHSC builds on a critical review of the main causes for success or failure of previous conservation projects and evaluation of latest holistic concepts and visions on conservation of soils and socio-ecosystems. The key principles underlying EHSC are: (1) perception of soils as living-systems, (2) holistic ecosystem approach, (3) central role of soil conservation for climate change mitigation and adaptation, and (4) ethical behavior in soil use. Implementation of EHSC requires a transdisciplinary approach involving a range of actions in three iterative phases: (1) diagnosis of the causes and processes of land degradation and the socio-economic context, (2) integrated assessment of the interactions and synergies between the factors and actors involved and the selection of EHSC actions, and (3) participatory evaluation and monitoring of impacts. Successful conservation requires more research on the resilience and adaptation of soils to climate change, integrated economic valuations of soil conservation, and protection of native peoples right to land in international legislation.
Juan Albaladejo; Elvira Díaz-Pereira; Joris de Vente. Eco-Holistic Soil Conservation to support Land Degradation Neutrality and the Sustainable Development Goals. CATENA 2020, 196, 104823 .
AMA StyleJuan Albaladejo, Elvira Díaz-Pereira, Joris de Vente. Eco-Holistic Soil Conservation to support Land Degradation Neutrality and the Sustainable Development Goals. CATENA. 2020; 196 ():104823.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Albaladejo; Elvira Díaz-Pereira; Joris de Vente. 2020. "Eco-Holistic Soil Conservation to support Land Degradation Neutrality and the Sustainable Development Goals." CATENA 196, no. : 104823.
Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental planning and risk prevention. We investigated the temporal and spatial variability of the relationships of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield with atmospheric patterns (weather types, WTs) in the western Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, we analyzed a large database of rainfall events collected between 1985 and 2015 in 46 experimental plots and catchments with the aim to: (i) evaluate seasonal differences in the contribution of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield produced by the WTs; and (ii) to analyze the seasonal efficiency of the different WTs (relation frequency and magnitude) related to rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield. The results indicate two different temporal patterns: the first weather type exhibits (during the cold period: autumn and winter) westerly flows that produce the highest rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield values throughout the territory; the second weather type exhibits easterly flows that predominate during the warm period (spring and summer) and it is located on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the cyclonic situations present high frequency throughout the whole year with a large influence extended around the western Mediterranean basin. Contrary, the anticyclonic situations, despite of its high frequency, do not contribute significantly to the total rainfall, runoff, and sediment (showing the lowest efficiency) because of atmospheric stability that currently characterize this atmospheric pattern. Our approach helps to better understand the relationship of WTs on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield with a regional scale based on the large dataset and number of soil erosion experimental stations.
D. Peña-Angulo; E. Nadal-Romero; J.C. González-Hidalgo; J. Albaladejo; V. Andreu; H. Bahri; S. Bernal; M. Biddoccu; R. Bienes; J. Campo; Miguel Ángel Campo-Bescós; A. Canatário-Duarte; Y. Cantón; J. Casali; V. Castillo; E. Cavallo; A. Cerdà; P. Cid; N. Cortesi; G. Desir; Elvira Diaz Pereira; T. Espigares; J. Estrany; J. Farguell; M. Fernández-Raga; C.S. Ferreira; V. Ferro; F. Gallart; R. Giménez; E. Gimeno; J.A. Gómez; A. Gómez-Gutiérrez; H. Gómez-Macpherson; O. González-Pelayo; O. Kairis; G.P. Karatzas; S. Keesstra; S. Klotz; C. Kosmas; N. Lana-Renault; T. Lasanta; J. Latron; R. Lázaro; Y. Le Bissonnais; C. Le Bouteiller; F. Licciardello; J.A. López-Tarazón; A. Lucía; V.M. Marín-Moreno; C. Marín; M.J. Marqués; J. Martínez-Fernández; M. Martínez-Mena; L. Mateos; N. Mathys; L. Merino-Martín; M. Moreno-De Las Heras; N. Moustakas; J.M. Nicolau; V. Pampalone; D. Raclot; M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco; J. Rodrigo-Comino; A. Romero-Díaz; Encarnación Taguas Ruiz; J.L. Rubio; S. Schnabel; J.M. Senciales-González; A. Solé-Benet; E.V. Taguas; M.T. Taboada-Castro; F. Todisco; X. Úbeda; E.A. Varouchakis; L. Wittenberg; A. Zabaleta; M. Zorn. Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 609 .
AMA StyleD. Peña-Angulo, E. Nadal-Romero, J.C. González-Hidalgo, J. Albaladejo, V. Andreu, H. Bahri, S. Bernal, M. Biddoccu, R. Bienes, J. Campo, Miguel Ángel Campo-Bescós, A. Canatário-Duarte, Y. Cantón, J. Casali, V. Castillo, E. Cavallo, A. Cerdà, P. Cid, N. Cortesi, G. Desir, Elvira Diaz Pereira, T. Espigares, J. Estrany, J. Farguell, M. Fernández-Raga, C.S. Ferreira, V. Ferro, F. Gallart, R. Giménez, E. Gimeno, J.A. Gómez, A. Gómez-Gutiérrez, H. Gómez-Macpherson, O. González-Pelayo, O. Kairis, G.P. Karatzas, S. Keesstra, S. Klotz, C. Kosmas, N. Lana-Renault, T. Lasanta, J. Latron, R. Lázaro, Y. Le Bissonnais, C. Le Bouteiller, F. Licciardello, J.A. López-Tarazón, A. Lucía, V.M. Marín-Moreno, C. Marín, M.J. Marqués, J. Martínez-Fernández, M. Martínez-Mena, L. Mateos, N. Mathys, L. Merino-Martín, M. Moreno-De Las Heras, N. Moustakas, J.M. Nicolau, V. Pampalone, D. Raclot, M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco, J. Rodrigo-Comino, A. Romero-Díaz, Encarnación Taguas Ruiz, J.L. Rubio, S. Schnabel, J.M. Senciales-González, A. Solé-Benet, E.V. Taguas, M.T. Taboada-Castro, F. Todisco, X. Úbeda, E.A. Varouchakis, L. Wittenberg, A. Zabaleta, M. Zorn. Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (6):609.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Peña-Angulo; E. Nadal-Romero; J.C. González-Hidalgo; J. Albaladejo; V. Andreu; H. Bahri; S. Bernal; M. Biddoccu; R. Bienes; J. Campo; Miguel Ángel Campo-Bescós; A. Canatário-Duarte; Y. Cantón; J. Casali; V. Castillo; E. Cavallo; A. Cerdà; P. Cid; N. Cortesi; G. Desir; Elvira Diaz Pereira; T. Espigares; J. Estrany; J. Farguell; M. Fernández-Raga; C.S. Ferreira; V. Ferro; F. Gallart; R. Giménez; E. Gimeno; J.A. Gómez; A. Gómez-Gutiérrez; H. Gómez-Macpherson; O. González-Pelayo; O. Kairis; G.P. Karatzas; S. Keesstra; S. Klotz; C. Kosmas; N. Lana-Renault; T. Lasanta; J. Latron; R. Lázaro; Y. Le Bissonnais; C. Le Bouteiller; F. Licciardello; J.A. López-Tarazón; A. Lucía; V.M. Marín-Moreno; C. Marín; M.J. Marqués; J. Martínez-Fernández; M. Martínez-Mena; L. Mateos; N. Mathys; L. Merino-Martín; M. Moreno-De Las Heras; N. Moustakas; J.M. Nicolau; V. Pampalone; D. Raclot; M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco; J. Rodrigo-Comino; A. Romero-Díaz; Encarnación Taguas Ruiz; J.L. Rubio; S. Schnabel; J.M. Senciales-González; A. Solé-Benet; E.V. Taguas; M.T. Taboada-Castro; F. Todisco; X. Úbeda; E.A. Varouchakis; L. Wittenberg; A. Zabaleta; M. Zorn. 2020. "Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin." Atmosphere 11, no. 6: 609.
In the rhizospheres of three gypsophytes and in non-rhizospheric soil, two samplings were carried out - the first during a summer drought and the second during spring - to detect the responses to the availability of water in the soil. Urease and protease showed higher values after the drought whereas β-glucosidase was highest in the spring. This pattern was the same for all the rhizospheres tested. However, the arylsulfatase and alkaline phosphatase did not change. Surprising results were obtained when water retention and water loss were studied, with the highest values being obtained for the dry season due to the association of Cyanoprokaryota with the rhizospheres. The results are also explained by two water pulses that occurred before the samplings. Several parameters, whose values changed markedly due to the microbiological activation just after the drought and water pulses, are proposed as indicators of this activation: microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration rate, together with urease and protease. However, it was the dehydrogenase activity in spring that best reflected the microbiology associated with the carbon cycle, together with β-glucosidase. The interrelationships between carbon and nitrogen were shown through the indices: water soluble nitrogen and water soluble carbon. We propose three functional adaptation mechanisms of these plants associated with the Cyanoprokaryota in their rhizospheres and related to the water availability as determined by drought and water pulse effects. Herniaria fruticosa is a pioneer with the greatest diversity of Cyanoprokaryota, in both summer and spring (10 species and 11 species, respectively), and with high-medium abundance (5-30%). Teucrium balthazaris exhibits an intermediate strategy, with greater diversity of Cyanoprokaryota in spring (7 species) and predominance of high-medium abundance (5-30%). Finally, Helianthemum squamatum has lower diversity, with one species in summer (with low abundance, <5%) and no species in spring.
E. Díaz-Pereira; P. Marín Sanleandro; A.D. Asencio. Effects of drought and water pulses on microbial functionality and the role of Cyanoprokaryota in the rhizospheres of gypsophytes. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 691, 919 -932.
AMA StyleE. Díaz-Pereira, P. Marín Sanleandro, A.D. Asencio. Effects of drought and water pulses on microbial functionality and the role of Cyanoprokaryota in the rhizospheres of gypsophytes. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 691 ():919-932.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Díaz-Pereira; P. Marín Sanleandro; A.D. Asencio. 2019. "Effects of drought and water pulses on microbial functionality and the role of Cyanoprokaryota in the rhizospheres of gypsophytes." Science of The Total Environment 691, no. : 919-932.
Gully erosion causes severe damage to crops and infrastructures and affects the provision of ecosystem services worldwide. To assess the potential of gully control measures to protect ecosystem services and assess the conditions required for their large-scale implementation, this paper critically evaluates a range of gully control measures documented in the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT). Environmental and socio-economic impacts of technologies are assessed, as well as the implications for ecosystem services, costs and benefits of implementation, and stakeholder’s perception. It is demonstrated how gully control measures provide notable on-site and off-site benefits for socio-economic, cultural, ecological, and production goals, and to protect crucial ecosystem services. Control measures particularly contribute to soil and water conservation and to regulating ecosystem services by controlling soil erosion, water cycling, and natural hazards. Most effective control measures consist of combined vegetative and structural measures and of catchment wide interventions. While implementation of gully control can initially be expensive, on the long term, the cost-benefit ratio is usually positive. Moreover, the results emphasize the importance of evaluating control measures considering monetary aspects and all ecosystem services they provide. Nevertheless, individual farmers can often not afford the implementation and maintenance costs due to barriers for implementation and therefore require sustained institutional support.
A. Romero-Díaz; Elvira Diaz Pereira; J. De Vente. Ecosystem services provision by gully control. A review. Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 2019, 45, 333 .
AMA StyleA. Romero-Díaz, Elvira Diaz Pereira, J. De Vente. Ecosystem services provision by gully control. A review. Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica. 2019; 45 (1):333.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Romero-Díaz; Elvira Diaz Pereira; J. De Vente. 2019. "Ecosystem services provision by gully control. A review." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45, no. 1: 333.
Las terrazas agrícolas son ampliamente utilizadas en todo el mundo desde la antigüedad. Su interés paisajístico es innegable y algunas de ellas forman parte del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO. Son prácticas muy eficaces para la conservación del suelo y el agua a través del control de la escorrentía y la erosión, y proporcionan a los agricultores y a la sociedad importantes Servicios Ecosistémicos (SE). Presentamos un estudio basado en ejemplos de terrazas documentados en detalle en la base de datos WOCAT (World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies), complementado con una revisión de la literatura científica sobre los impactos de las terrazas, con el objetivo de evaluar los múltiples SE que proporcionan. Los resultados muestran que los SE más importantes proporcionados por la construcción de terrazas están relacionados con servicios de regulación como el control de la erosión, escorrentía y otros riesgos naturales externos. Además, la presencia de terrazas favorece servicios de aprovisionamiento como el suministro de alimentos, fibras, y cantidad y calidad del agua. Se constatan las funciones ambientales, geomorfológicas e hidrológicas de las terrazas, así como la mejora de la calidad de vida de los habitantes. Sin embargo, los avances tecnológicos en la agricultura han llevado al abandono de este tipo de construcciones, con importantes riesgos de erosión y pérdida de SE. Nuestra evaluación destaca la importancia de preservar y restaurar las terrazas como parte de la agricultura regenerativa, con múltiples beneficios para el funcionamiento de los paisajes culturales y, en definitiva, para la sociedad.
Asunción Romero-Díaz; Joris De Vente; Elvira Díaz-Pereira. Evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por las terrazas agrícolas. Pirineos 2019, 174, 043 .
AMA StyleAsunción Romero-Díaz, Joris De Vente, Elvira Díaz-Pereira. Evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por las terrazas agrícolas. Pirineos. 2019; 174 ():043.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsunción Romero-Díaz; Joris De Vente; Elvira Díaz-Pereira. 2019. "Evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por las terrazas agrícolas." Pirineos 174, no. : 043.
Soil degradation by water is a serious environmental problem worldwide, with specific climatic factors being the major causes. We investigated the relationships between synoptic atmospheric patterns (i.e. weather types, WTs) and runoff, erosion and sediment yield throughout the Mediterranean basin by analyzing a large database of natural rainfall events at 68 research sites in 9 countries. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify spatial relationships of the different WTs including three hydro-sedimentary variables: rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield (SY, used to refer to both soil erosion measured at plot scale and sediment yield registered at catchment scale). The results indicated 4 spatial classes of rainfall and runoff: (a) northern sites dependent on North (N) and North West (NW) flows; (b) eastern sites dependent on E and NE flows; (c) southern sites dependent on S and SE flows; and, finally, (d) western sites dependent on W and SW flows. Conversely, three spatial classes are identified for SY characterized by: (a) N and NE flows in northern sites (b) E flows in eastern sites, and (c) W and SW flows in western sites. Most of the rainfall, runoff and SY occurred during a small number of daily events, and just a few WTs accounted for large percentages of the total. Our results confirm that characterization by WT improves understanding of the general conditions under which runoff and SY occur, and provides useful information for understanding the spatial variability of runoff, and SY throughout the Mediterranean basin. The approach used here could be useful to aid of the design of regional water management and soil conservation measures.
D. Peña-Angulo; E. Nadal-Romero; J.C. González-Hidalgo; Juan Albaladejo; V. Andreu; V. Bagarello; H. Barhi; R.J. Batalla; Susana Bernal; R. Bienes; J. Campo; M.A. Campo-Bescós; A. Canatario-Duarte; Y. Cantón; J. Casali; Victor M Castillo; A. Cerdà; A. Cheggour; P. Cid; N. Cortesi; G. Desir; E. Díaz-Pereira; T. Espigares; J. Estrany; M. Fernández-Raga; C.S.S. Ferreira; V. Ferro; F. Gallart; R. Giménez; E. Gimeno; J.A. Gómez; A. Gómez-Gutiérrez; H. Gómez-Macpherson; O. González-Pelayo; P. Hueso-González; O. Kairis; G.P. Karatzas; S. Klotz; C. Kosmas; N. Lana-Renault; T. Lasanta; J. Latron; R. Lázaro; Y. Le Bissonnais; C. Le Bouteiller; F. Licciardello; J.A. López-Tarazón; Ana Lucía; C. Marín; M.J. Marqués; J. Martínez-Fernández; M. Martínez-Mena; J.F. Martínez-Murillo; L. Mateos; N. Mathys; L. Merino-Martín; M. Moreno-De Las Heras; N. Moustakas; J.M. Nicolau; A. Novara; V. Pampalone; D. Raclot; M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco; J. Rodrigo-Comino; A. Romero-Díaz; E. Roose; J.L. Rubio; J.D. Ruiz-Sinoga; Susanne Schnabel; J.M. Senciales-González; V. Simonneaux; A. Solé-Benet; E.V. Taguas; M.M. Taboada-Castro; F. Todisco; X. Úbeda; E.A. Varouchakis; D. Vericat; L. Wittenberg; Ane Zabaleta; M. Zorn. Spatial variability of the relationships of runoff and sediment yield with weather types throughout the Mediterranean basin. Journal of Hydrology 2019, 571, 390 -405.
AMA StyleD. Peña-Angulo, E. Nadal-Romero, J.C. González-Hidalgo, Juan Albaladejo, V. Andreu, V. Bagarello, H. Barhi, R.J. Batalla, Susana Bernal, R. Bienes, J. Campo, M.A. Campo-Bescós, A. Canatario-Duarte, Y. Cantón, J. Casali, Victor M Castillo, A. Cerdà, A. Cheggour, P. Cid, N. Cortesi, G. Desir, E. Díaz-Pereira, T. Espigares, J. Estrany, M. Fernández-Raga, C.S.S. Ferreira, V. Ferro, F. Gallart, R. Giménez, E. Gimeno, J.A. Gómez, A. Gómez-Gutiérrez, H. Gómez-Macpherson, O. González-Pelayo, P. Hueso-González, O. Kairis, G.P. Karatzas, S. Klotz, C. Kosmas, N. Lana-Renault, T. Lasanta, J. Latron, R. Lázaro, Y. Le Bissonnais, C. Le Bouteiller, F. Licciardello, J.A. López-Tarazón, Ana Lucía, C. Marín, M.J. Marqués, J. Martínez-Fernández, M. Martínez-Mena, J.F. Martínez-Murillo, L. Mateos, N. Mathys, L. Merino-Martín, M. Moreno-De Las Heras, N. Moustakas, J.M. Nicolau, A. Novara, V. Pampalone, D. Raclot, M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco, J. Rodrigo-Comino, A. Romero-Díaz, E. Roose, J.L. Rubio, J.D. Ruiz-Sinoga, Susanne Schnabel, J.M. Senciales-González, V. Simonneaux, A. Solé-Benet, E.V. Taguas, M.M. Taboada-Castro, F. Todisco, X. Úbeda, E.A. Varouchakis, D. Vericat, L. Wittenberg, Ane Zabaleta, M. Zorn. Spatial variability of the relationships of runoff and sediment yield with weather types throughout the Mediterranean basin. Journal of Hydrology. 2019; 571 ():390-405.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Peña-Angulo; E. Nadal-Romero; J.C. González-Hidalgo; Juan Albaladejo; V. Andreu; V. Bagarello; H. Barhi; R.J. Batalla; Susana Bernal; R. Bienes; J. Campo; M.A. Campo-Bescós; A. Canatario-Duarte; Y. Cantón; J. Casali; Victor M Castillo; A. Cerdà; A. Cheggour; P. Cid; N. Cortesi; G. Desir; E. Díaz-Pereira; T. Espigares; J. Estrany; M. Fernández-Raga; C.S.S. Ferreira; V. Ferro; F. Gallart; R. Giménez; E. Gimeno; J.A. Gómez; A. Gómez-Gutiérrez; H. Gómez-Macpherson; O. González-Pelayo; P. Hueso-González; O. Kairis; G.P. Karatzas; S. Klotz; C. Kosmas; N. Lana-Renault; T. Lasanta; J. Latron; R. Lázaro; Y. Le Bissonnais; C. Le Bouteiller; F. Licciardello; J.A. López-Tarazón; Ana Lucía; C. Marín; M.J. Marqués; J. Martínez-Fernández; M. Martínez-Mena; J.F. Martínez-Murillo; L. Mateos; N. Mathys; L. Merino-Martín; M. Moreno-De Las Heras; N. Moustakas; J.M. Nicolau; A. Novara; V. Pampalone; D. Raclot; M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco; J. Rodrigo-Comino; A. Romero-Díaz; E. Roose; J.L. Rubio; J.D. Ruiz-Sinoga; Susanne Schnabel; J.M. Senciales-González; V. Simonneaux; A. Solé-Benet; E.V. Taguas; M.M. Taboada-Castro; F. Todisco; X. Úbeda; E.A. Varouchakis; D. Vericat; L. Wittenberg; Ane Zabaleta; M. Zorn. 2019. "Spatial variability of the relationships of runoff and sediment yield with weather types throughout the Mediterranean basin." Journal of Hydrology 571, no. : 390-405.
In the present work, a sampling grid of the urban core of the city of Murcia (South East Spain) was designed in order to analyze street dust, focusing on the contents of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and their relationships with the color of the sample, the traffic pattern, and the location where they were sampled (sidewalks, ledges, and roads). The characterization of the samples was carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, whereas the heavy metals were extracted by acid digestion and determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentration (mg/kg) in urban dust of the city of Murcia was highest for Zn (653), followed by Cu (201) > Pb (177) > Cr (117) > Ni (51) >> Cd (0.5). The color expounded statistically significant differences with regard to the heavy metals, including the pollutant load. The same pattern was found when the classification variable was the traffic intensity, except in the case of Ni. The areas with a higher risk of contamination by heavy metals in the urban dust are the ledges of narrow city center streets with moderate traffic, where Zn and Pb seem to accumulate most greatly.
Pura Marín Sanleandro; Antonio Sánchez Navarro; Elvira Díaz-Pereira; Francisco Bautista Zuñiga; Miriam Romero Muñoz; María José Delgado Iniesta. Assessment of Heavy Metals and Color as Indicators of Contamination in Street Dust of a City in SE Spain: Influence of Traffic Intensity and Sampling Location. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4105 .
AMA StylePura Marín Sanleandro, Antonio Sánchez Navarro, Elvira Díaz-Pereira, Francisco Bautista Zuñiga, Miriam Romero Muñoz, María José Delgado Iniesta. Assessment of Heavy Metals and Color as Indicators of Contamination in Street Dust of a City in SE Spain: Influence of Traffic Intensity and Sampling Location. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):4105.
Chicago/Turabian StylePura Marín Sanleandro; Antonio Sánchez Navarro; Elvira Díaz-Pereira; Francisco Bautista Zuñiga; Miriam Romero Muñoz; María José Delgado Iniesta. 2018. "Assessment of Heavy Metals and Color as Indicators of Contamination in Street Dust of a City in SE Spain: Influence of Traffic Intensity and Sampling Location." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 4105.
The systematic use of magnetic techniques for the characterization of soils is still scarce despite its great potential for the identification of pedogenetic processes. The main objective of this study is to analyze the magnetic properties of a soil profile with contrasting horizons and try to relate them to the properties determined through conventional techniques. The horizons of a soil profile located in a tectonic depression in Murcia, Spain are described and their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties analyzed with conventional techniques. The following magnetic properties are included in the study: the mass-specific magnetic susceptibility, frequency-dependent susceptibility, continuous thermomagnetic curves at low field, isothermal remanent magnetization acquisition and the estimation of magnetic hardness (coercitivity) through the parameter S-200. Detailed description of the soil profile and the results of conventional analyses allowed the identification of a mollic horizon, an argic horizon, and a calcic horizon, as well as a textural discontinuity. Apparently, pedogenic magnetite occurs in the A horizon and is responsible for the magnetization in most cases. The magnetic carriers in the Bt horizons are superparamagnetic particles and they are related to the high percentage of clay. High coercivity minerals (hematite and probably goethite) were detected in different concentrations in all soil horizons. The amount of ferrimagnetic minerals decreases with depth. The magnetic properties allowed a better characterization of the diagnostic horizons. The results and information derived from the analysis of the magnetic properties could not be obtained using conventional soil analysis only.
Francisco Bautista; Maria Felicidad Bógalo; Antonio Sánchez Navarro; Avto Goguitchaichvili; María José Delgado Iniesta; Ruben Cejudo; Purificación Marín Sanleandro; Juana María Gil; Elvira Díaz-Pereira. Magnetic and pedological characterisation of a paleosol under aridic conditions in Spain. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 2017, 62, 139 -166.
AMA StyleFrancisco Bautista, Maria Felicidad Bógalo, Antonio Sánchez Navarro, Avto Goguitchaichvili, María José Delgado Iniesta, Ruben Cejudo, Purificación Marín Sanleandro, Juana María Gil, Elvira Díaz-Pereira. Magnetic and pedological characterisation of a paleosol under aridic conditions in Spain. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica. 2017; 62 (1):139-166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Bautista; Maria Felicidad Bógalo; Antonio Sánchez Navarro; Avto Goguitchaichvili; María José Delgado Iniesta; Ruben Cejudo; Purificación Marín Sanleandro; Juana María Gil; Elvira Díaz-Pereira. 2017. "Magnetic and pedological characterisation of a paleosol under aridic conditions in Spain." Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 62, no. 1: 139-166.
To reverse the negative environmental impacts of agriculture, a land evaluation decision support system (DSS) known as MicroLEIS-DSS was used to design the most sustainable land use and management practices for selected Mediterranean benchmark sites in Sevilla Province, Southern Spain. This DSS is based on the multifunctional evaluation of soil quality, using input data collected in standard soil surveys, and with particular reference to the peculiarities of the Mediterranean region. Specific agro-ecological strategies to prevent soil degradation in the benchmark sites were designed within two major topics: (i) strategies related to land use planning at a regional level: segregation of agricultural lands, restoration of marginal areas, diversification of crop rotation, and identification of vulnerability areas; and (ii) those related to land management planning at a farm level: organic matter restoration, formulation of tillage practices and workability timing, optimum machinery use, and input rationalization. The predicted results of applying the 12 agro-ecological land evaluation model constituents of MicroLEIS DSS are presented and discussed for each application site. The main conclusion of this paper is that using soil type information in decision-making is at the heart for sustainable use and management of agricultural land. This agro-ecological approach can be especially useful when formulating soil-specific agricultural practices to reverse environmental degradation, based on the spatial variability of soils and related resources.
Diego de la Rosa; Maria Anaya-Romero; Elvira Diaz-Pereira; Norberto Heredia; Farzin Shahbazi. Soil-specific agro-ecological strategies for sustainable land use – A case study by using MicroLEIS DSS in Sevilla Province (Spain). Land Use Policy 2009, 26, 1055 -1065.
AMA StyleDiego de la Rosa, Maria Anaya-Romero, Elvira Diaz-Pereira, Norberto Heredia, Farzin Shahbazi. Soil-specific agro-ecological strategies for sustainable land use – A case study by using MicroLEIS DSS in Sevilla Province (Spain). Land Use Policy. 2009; 26 (4):1055-1065.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego de la Rosa; Maria Anaya-Romero; Elvira Diaz-Pereira; Norberto Heredia; Farzin Shahbazi. 2009. "Soil-specific agro-ecological strategies for sustainable land use – A case study by using MicroLEIS DSS in Sevilla Province (Spain)." Land Use Policy 26, no. 4: 1055-1065.
In this study, we tested whether communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associated with roots of plant species forming vegetative cover as well as some soil parameters (amounts of phosphatase and glomalin-related soil protein, microbial biomass C and N concentrations, amount of P available, and aggregate stability) were affected by different amounts (control, 6.5 kg m −2 , 13.0 kg m −2 , 19.5 kg m −2 , and 26.0 kg m −2 ) of an urban refuse (UR) 19 years after its application to a highly eroded, semiarid soil. The AM fungal small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes were subjected to PCR, cloning, single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. One hundred sixteen SSU rRNA sequences were analyzed, and nine AM fungal types belonging to Glomus groups A and B were identified: three of them were present in all the plots that had received UR, and six appeared to be specific to certain amendment doses. The community of AM fungi was more diverse after the application of the different amounts of UR. The values of all the soil parameters analyzed increased proportionally with the dose of amendment applied. In conclusion, the application of organic wastes enhanced soil microbial activities and aggregation, and the AM fungal diversity increased, particularly when a moderate dose of UR (13.0 kg m −2 ) was applied.
Maria Del Mar Alguacil; Elvira Díaz-Pereira; Fuensanta Caravaca; Diego A. Fernández; Antonio Roldán. Increased Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Long-Term Field Experiment via Application of Organic Amendments to a Semiarid Degraded Soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2009, 75, 4254 -4263.
AMA StyleMaria Del Mar Alguacil, Elvira Díaz-Pereira, Fuensanta Caravaca, Diego A. Fernández, Antonio Roldán. Increased Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Long-Term Field Experiment via Application of Organic Amendments to a Semiarid Degraded Soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2009; 75 (13):4254-4263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Del Mar Alguacil; Elvira Díaz-Pereira; Fuensanta Caravaca; Diego A. Fernández; Antonio Roldán. 2009. "Increased Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Long-Term Field Experiment via Application of Organic Amendments to a Semiarid Degraded Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 13: 4254-4263.
The SIDASS model was developed to predict losses due to mechanical and hydraulic processes and it also enables users to simulate prevention strategies if the required basic datasets are available. SIDASS model is linking under the same umbrella of a spatially distributed information framework, the experimental and theoretical researches from various fields of soil physics directly to farming practices (soil mechanics, soil compaction, soil erosion, and soil hydrology) in order to have a tool for recommendations of site-specific land use and management practices, and to evaluate agriculture policies at local and regional scales. SIDASS is validated on some precise datasets from specific areas, and was proved to forecast the effects of soil mechanical processes like soil deformation on soil erosion. It may be also used to couple the effects of hydraulic and mechanical properties on soil erosion processes. Thus, in its final stage, it provides a tool for recommendations of site-specific land use and management strategies. In the validation tests, the predicted values according to the model equations were in very good agreement with independent datasets taken from experimental fields in Spain, Hungary, and Romania. Several application examples (GIS maps) with reference to European soils are shown pointing to the “hot” areas of Europe where soil erosion or soil compaction problems are high, and are furthermore increased by soil management using heavy machinery or non-site-specific management strategies.
C. Simota; R. Horn; H. Fleige; A. Dexter; Ewa Antonina Czyż; E. Diaz-Pereira; F. Mayol; K. Rajkai; D. De La Rosa. SIDASS project: Part 1. A spatial distributed simulation model predicting the dynamics of agro-physical soil state for selection of management practices to prevent soil erosion. Soil and Tillage Research 2005, 82, 15 -18.
AMA StyleC. Simota, R. Horn, H. Fleige, A. Dexter, Ewa Antonina Czyż, E. Diaz-Pereira, F. Mayol, K. Rajkai, D. De La Rosa. SIDASS project: Part 1. A spatial distributed simulation model predicting the dynamics of agro-physical soil state for selection of management practices to prevent soil erosion. Soil and Tillage Research. 2005; 82 (1):15-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Simota; R. Horn; H. Fleige; A. Dexter; Ewa Antonina Czyż; E. Diaz-Pereira; F. Mayol; K. Rajkai; D. De La Rosa. 2005. "SIDASS project: Part 1. A spatial distributed simulation model predicting the dynamics of agro-physical soil state for selection of management practices to prevent soil erosion." Soil and Tillage Research 82, no. 1: 15-18.
The SIDASS project “A spatially distributed simulation model predicting the dynamics of agro-physical soil state within Eastern and Western Europe countries for the selection of management practices to prevent soil erosion based on sustainable soil–water interactions” required a method for estimating the dates (or soil water conditions) under which soil tillage operations could be performed. For this purpose, methods were developed for estimating the optimum and the range of soil water contents for tillage. These methods are based on the soil water retention curve. In this paper, we further develop the method in two ways. First, we take account of the fact that the soil properties: clay content, organic matter content and bulk density are not independent. This is done through the use of simple pedo-transfer functions which are based on measurements on many soils. Second, we present a simplified and more rapid method for estimating the lower (dry) limit for tillage. This enables this lower limit to be calculated using a computer spreadsheet instead of through tedious iterative calculations which were previously obtained with a special computer program. Examples are given for the tillage limits which take account of the interdependencies between the contents of clay, the content of organic matter and the bulk density. Estimated typical values of the tillage limits are presented for all the soil texture classes in the FAO/USDA classification system. Additionally, it is shown that the range of water contents for tillage is expected to decrease with decreasing soil physical quality as measured by S.
A.R. Dexter; Ewa Antonina Czyż; M. Birkás; E. Diaz-Pereira; E. Dumitru; R. Enache; H. Fleige; R. Horn; K. Rajkaj; D. De La Rosa; C. Simota. SIDASS project: Part 3. The optimum and the range of water content for tillage – further developments. Soil and Tillage Research 2005, 82, 29 -37.
AMA StyleA.R. Dexter, Ewa Antonina Czyż, M. Birkás, E. Diaz-Pereira, E. Dumitru, R. Enache, H. Fleige, R. Horn, K. Rajkaj, D. De La Rosa, C. Simota. SIDASS project: Part 3. The optimum and the range of water content for tillage – further developments. Soil and Tillage Research. 2005; 82 (1):29-37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.R. Dexter; Ewa Antonina Czyż; M. Birkás; E. Diaz-Pereira; E. Dumitru; R. Enache; H. Fleige; R. Horn; K. Rajkaj; D. De La Rosa; C. Simota. 2005. "SIDASS project: Part 3. The optimum and the range of water content for tillage – further developments." Soil and Tillage Research 82, no. 1: 29-37.
In the last two decades dry climatic conditions become frequent in Hungary, especially in the lowland area. Under dry conditions the danger of wind erosion increases especially in the sand areas when plant coverage is incomplete or missing in spring and autumn. According to field observations the wind erosion can be significant not only on sandy but on loamy soils, as well. The present work – in SIDASS project of the European Community (CT15-CT98-0106) – aimed at characterizing wind erodibility of soils differing in texture at the cultivated agricultural area in the Northeast part of Hungary. Soils of the test area were grouped into three categories. Soil groups were characterized beyond their soil properties by the critical starting wind velocity, parameters of the vertical wind profile functions above the soil surface and quantity of the eroded soil determined in wind tunnel experiments. After determining the wind erosion parameters the potential wind erosion of the soils was estimated for the study area of Hungary. Surface roughness and wind speed of the critical starting velocity of wind erosion were estimated. The estimation is considered potential since soils assumed dry and without plant cover. Estimation showed that about 10% of the studied agricultural area is endangered by strong, and about 15% is by medium level wind erosion. The no and less susceptible wind erosion area covers about 75% of the county's agricultural area.
József Lóki; K. Rajkai; Ewa Antonina Czyż; A.R. Dexter; E. Diaz-Pereira; E. Dumitriu; R. Enache; H. Fleige; R. Horn; D. De La Rosa; C. Simota. SIDASS project: Part 4. Wind erodibility of cultivated soils in north-east Hungary. Soil and Tillage Research 2005, 82, 39 -46.
AMA StyleJózsef Lóki, K. Rajkai, Ewa Antonina Czyż, A.R. Dexter, E. Diaz-Pereira, E. Dumitriu, R. Enache, H. Fleige, R. Horn, D. De La Rosa, C. Simota. SIDASS project: Part 4. Wind erodibility of cultivated soils in north-east Hungary. Soil and Tillage Research. 2005; 82 (1):39-46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJózsef Lóki; K. Rajkai; Ewa Antonina Czyż; A.R. Dexter; E. Diaz-Pereira; E. Dumitriu; R. Enache; H. Fleige; R. Horn; D. De La Rosa; C. Simota. 2005. "SIDASS project: Part 4. Wind erodibility of cultivated soils in north-east Hungary." Soil and Tillage Research 82, no. 1: 39-46.
A model to predict the mechanical strength of arable soils and its effect on physical properties was developed and integrated within the framework of the SIDASS-project “A spatially distributed simulation model predicting the dynamics of agro-physical soil state within Eastern and Western Europe countries for the selection of management practices to prevent soil erosion based on sustainable soil–water interactions”. The mechanical strength quantification of agricultural or forest soils in order to assess the trafficability or the limitation of mechanical loading at given soil properties are presented. While agricultural engineering approaches are primarily restricted to the definition of stress distribution in relation to machine and tire type, soil scientists try to include in their approach, not only the mechanical strength properties of the soil horizons but also the inter-dependence of the hydraulic and mechanical strength properties. Soil scientists also understand soil genetical processes and are able to predict the consequences of stress applications for current and future soil physical properties. Thus, the present paper analyses the possibilities for applying pedotransfer functions that relate precompression stresses, as measures of soil strength at various scales, to stress effects on physical soil parameters, such as air permeability. It has been proven that multiregression equations can be used to calculate precompression stresses when they are based on physical properties like texture, aggregation, water retention properties, mechanical parameters like cohesion and angle of the internal friction values. This determination can be carried out and applied at various scales. Examples are presented from the 1:1,000,000 soil map for Europe up to the field or farm level (1:5000) as a very detailed scale. This method affords the separation of different sensitivity levels of stress application and consequences for a sustainable site management in the future. The proposed method is a useful tool towards fulfilling soil protection laws in Europe in the same way, as it can be used as a decision maker at the local farm level, both with respect to site-specific management strategies and for the machine industry for the development of regions and climate-dependent machinery. It can be also used as an index for landuse restrictions or to define non site-adjusted landuse techniques.
R. Horn; H. Fleige; F.-H. Richter; Ewa Antonina Czyż; A. Dexter; E. Diaz-Pereira; E. Dumitru; R. Enarche; F. Mayol; K. Rajkai; D. De La Rosa; C. Simota. SIDASS project: Part 5: Prediction of mechanical strength of arable soils and its effects on physical properties at various map scales. Soil and Tillage Research 2005, 82, 47 -56.
AMA StyleR. Horn, H. Fleige, F.-H. Richter, Ewa Antonina Czyż, A. Dexter, E. Diaz-Pereira, E. Dumitru, R. Enarche, F. Mayol, K. Rajkai, D. De La Rosa, C. Simota. SIDASS project: Part 5: Prediction of mechanical strength of arable soils and its effects on physical properties at various map scales. Soil and Tillage Research. 2005; 82 (1):47-56.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Horn; H. Fleige; F.-H. Richter; Ewa Antonina Czyż; A. Dexter; E. Diaz-Pereira; E. Dumitru; R. Enarche; F. Mayol; K. Rajkai; D. De La Rosa; C. Simota. 2005. "SIDASS project: Part 5: Prediction of mechanical strength of arable soils and its effects on physical properties at various map scales." Soil and Tillage Research 82, no. 1: 47-56.
Within the framework of the SIDASS project, a model to predict soil erosion indicators as a function of soil type and agricultural management was developed. It was based on the WEPP technology and including new components specially related to soil compaction and soil workability. In this paper, new experimental data from the Sevilla area of Spain were obtained from a set of 12 soil erosion micro-plots during the farming year 2000–2001. In a dryland olive crop farm, several representative soil types (Typic Xerochrept, Typic Calcixerept and Aquic Haploxerept) and two different agricultural management: (i) a traditional mouldboard ploughing and secondary tillage and (ii) a reduced tillage with a growing protection crop, were compared. The experimental results show that the protection management system on Xerochrept soils was effective in lowering soil erosion in comparison with traditional system. By using these new measured data, the validation analyses of the SIDASS erosion model replicates the soil erosion indicators very well. It predicted that most of the variation observed could be accounted for by the runoff coefficient (R2 = 0.92) and the inter-rill erosion (R2 = 0.97). Therefore, we suggest that the SIDASS erosion model can be used to develop useful recommendations for environmentally sustainable agricultural management systems on at least the soil types evaluated.
Diego De La Rosa; Elvira Diaz Pereira; F. Mayol; Ewa Antonina Czyż; Anthony Dexter; E. Dumitru; R. Enache; Heiner Fleige; Rainer Horn; K. Rajkay; Catalin Simota. SIDASS project: Part 2. Soil erosion as a function of soil type and agricultural management in a Sevilla olive area, southern Spain. Soil and Tillage Research 2005, 82, 19 -28.
AMA StyleDiego De La Rosa, Elvira Diaz Pereira, F. Mayol, Ewa Antonina Czyż, Anthony Dexter, E. Dumitru, R. Enache, Heiner Fleige, Rainer Horn, K. Rajkay, Catalin Simota. SIDASS project: Part 2. Soil erosion as a function of soil type and agricultural management in a Sevilla olive area, southern Spain. Soil and Tillage Research. 2005; 82 (1):19-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego De La Rosa; Elvira Diaz Pereira; F. Mayol; Ewa Antonina Czyż; Anthony Dexter; E. Dumitru; R. Enache; Heiner Fleige; Rainer Horn; K. Rajkay; Catalin Simota. 2005. "SIDASS project: Part 2. Soil erosion as a function of soil type and agricultural management in a Sevilla olive area, southern Spain." Soil and Tillage Research 82, no. 1: 19-28.
Soil protection requires the improvement of agricultural land use, its planning and its management, in order to achieve a sustainable development. Land evaluation analysis is considered an interface between land resources survey and land use planning and management. The application of information and communication technology has exerted an impact on sustainable land use decision support. Since the early 1990s and following this trend, MicroLEIS (Mediterranean Land Evaluation Information System) has evolved towards an agro-ecological decision support system. The original project corresponds to a set of qualitative land evaluation methods converted to PC computer programs to automate their application. Today, MicroLEIS DSS is a set of useful tools for decision-making which in a wide range of agro-ecological schemes. The design philosophy follows a toolkit approach, integrating many software tools: databases, statistics, expert systems, neural networks, Web and GIS applications, and other information technologies. The MicroLEIS DSS system, in English and Spanish simultaneously, is available ready-for-use from the following website address: www.microleis.com. The new, re-designed MicroLEIS DSS will provide considerable opportunities for greater cooperation in interdisciplinary research and in the application of knowledge to solve problems of soil protection.
D De la Rosa; F Mayol; E Diaz-Pereira; M Fernandez. A land evaluation decision support system (MicroLEIS DSS) for agricultural soil protection: With special reference to the Mediterranean region. Environmental Modelling & Software 2004, 19, 929 -942.
AMA StyleD De la Rosa, F Mayol, E Diaz-Pereira, M Fernandez. A land evaluation decision support system (MicroLEIS DSS) for agricultural soil protection: With special reference to the Mediterranean region. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2004; 19 (10):929-942.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD De la Rosa; F Mayol; E Diaz-Pereira; M Fernandez. 2004. "A land evaluation decision support system (MicroLEIS DSS) for agricultural soil protection: With special reference to the Mediterranean region." Environmental Modelling & Software 19, no. 10: 929-942.
The multilingual soil profile database (named SDBm Plus) is user-friendly software designed to store and retrieve in an efficient and systematic way the large amounts of geo-referenced soil attribute data collected in soil surveys and laboratories. The database has the following main characteristics: (i) running on Windows platforms; (ii) ‘assist menus’ facilitating data entry; (iii) automatic translation from English to Spanish, French and German; (iv) metadata facility to describe the methods used in laboratory analysis; (v) temporal mode to collect over time the analytical, physical and hydraulic soil properties; and (vi) interface for the automatic transfer of soil attribute data to GIS and computerised land evaluation models. The following soil attribute datasets are included in SDBm Plus: (i) site characteristics, information related to the identification and taxonomic classification of the soil profile; (ii) horizon description; (iii) conventional soil survey analytical results; (iv) soluble salts and most trace elements present in the soil or considered as major soil contaminants; (v) general soil physical analytical results; (vi) water retention and hydraulic conductivity at different tensions; (vii) photographs; and (viii) analytical methods and procedures used. This database can be used in soil monitoring and evaluation regardless of scale (regional, national or local), and especially to implement tools on choosing optimal land use and management decisions in sustainable agriculture development.
D De La Rosa; F Mayol; F Moreno; F Cabrera; E Diaz-Pereira; J Antoine. A multilingual soil profile database (SDBm Plus) as an essential part of land resources information systems. Environmental Modelling & Software 2002, 17, 721 -730.
AMA StyleD De La Rosa, F Mayol, F Moreno, F Cabrera, E Diaz-Pereira, J Antoine. A multilingual soil profile database (SDBm Plus) as an essential part of land resources information systems. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2002; 17 (8):721-730.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD De La Rosa; F Mayol; F Moreno; F Cabrera; E Diaz-Pereira; J Antoine. 2002. "A multilingual soil profile database (SDBm Plus) as an essential part of land resources information systems." Environmental Modelling & Software 17, no. 8: 721-730.