Digital leadership is vital for companies in a constantly evolving technological environment, where the adaptability of leaders is essential to face changes. To better understand this topic, a bibliometric study was conducted that examined publications on digital leadership from 2018 to July 2023. Scopus was used, complemented by tools such as RStudio, VOSviewer, and Microsoft Excel. The findings show that the field has undergone changes lately due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A movement toward digital transformation and technology leadership was observed. The most influential journals, prominent authors and geographical distribution of publications were identified. The United States, Germany and China all stood out in terms of the number of publications and citations. In addition, nine groups of industry sectors related to digital leadership were identified. The pandemic has led to increased interest in online learning and decision making in crisis situations. The results offer an updated view on digital leadership and highlight its relevance in organizations. In addition, qualitative studies are suggested in areas such as blockchain technology, climate change, digital skills, industry 4.0, municipal administration, and virtual skills. In summary, this study contributes to the advancement and understanding of digital leadership in various contexts.

This study explored both the evolution and the integration of digital competencies within the context of open innovation, emphasizing the impact of technological advances across various sectors. The goal was to analyze documents indexed in Scopus from 2017 to 2023 using a quantitative and bibliometric approach. The methodology employed RStudio version 4.3.2 and Microsoft Excel 365 for data analysis, focusing on variables such as documents per year, h-index, total citations, and academic sources. The findings indicated a significant increase in research, highlighting a diversity of approaches, a trend towards international collaboration, and an evolution from basic concepts to complex applications, particularly the integration of digitization with sustainability and innovation. This research underscores the transformation of the business sector through digital competencies in open innovation and suggests further exploration into the effects of the pandemic on digital competencies, the role of artificial intelligence, the digital competencies–sustainable development relationship, and their application across different sectors.

Mixed martial arts (MMA) has always been surrounded by controversy due to the unusual muscle development of its participants, so it is crucial to know the strategies that have been implemented to reduce doping cases. The main purpose of this paper is to describe the various cases of doping detected by USADA in UFC MMA participants. In addition, strategies that are being developed to reduce cases of positive doping are proposed. From the UFC USADA database, doping cases were extracted, obtaining the substance or substances involved; the formula, physiological effect and the athletes involved; the dates of the sampling; if it was out of competition or in-competition and the sanction time. The substances that were most involved were found to be Ostarine (22), Clomiphene (9), Diuretics (10) and Stanozolol (9). Some sanctions were diminished because they were treated with contamination of supplements (cases of Ostarine) and cases of contamination of meat (Clomiphene). When contaminated supplements were reported, they were added to the list of high-risk supplements maintained as part of USADA’s online dietary supplement safety education and awareness resource—Supplement 411. There were also cases in which positive doping could be avoided through the early report of therapeutic use exemptions. The methodology that the USADA has implemented allows us to register the athletes with positive doping, check the risk of the supplements before being bought and provide a teaching portal. These efforts are necessary to implement in all countries in which MMA is practiced, avoiding the participation of doped martial artists.