Sosyal dışlanma, sosyal, ekonomik, bireysel ve sağlıkla ilgili risklerin artma eğiliminde olduğu yaşamın yaşlılık döneminde önemli bir konudur. Türkiye’de akademik literatürde sosyal dışlanma ele alınmaya başlanmıştır. Yaşlılık, yaygınlaşmaya başlayan bir alan olmakla birlikte yaşlılıkta sosyal dışlanma üzerine çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı uluslararası literatürde yaşlılıkta sosyal dışlanma çalışmalarını ele alarak bunların genel eğilimlerini, kavramsal ve yöntemsel özeliklerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma doküman incelemesi olup verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları araştırmalarda ele alınan konular, ölçme araçları ve kavramlar ile sosyal dışlanmanın sınırlarının nasıl çizildiği ve kavramın nasıl ele alındığı çerçevesinde oluşturulmuştur. Bu konularda tek model olmamasına karşın ele alınan konuya göre ölçme araçlarının ve operasyonel tanımlamaların da değiştiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, sosyal dışlanma kavramında bir uzlaşı olmamakla birlikte genellikle sosyal dışlanmanın ana akım toplumun üyelerinin aksine, dışlanan bireylerin ekonomik, sosyal ve sivil hayata katılamama, yaşam ortamındaki bağlantılardan kopma, hizmet ve olanaklardan yararlanama gibi sorunların hepsini veya birkaçını yaşamaları durumu olarak anlaşıldığı ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Background: Digital technologies have penetrated most workplaces. However, it is unclear how such digital technologies affect the physical health of older workers. Objective: This scoping review aims to examine and summarize the evidence from scientific literature concerning the impact of digital technology on the physical health of older workers. Methods: This scoping review will be conducted following recommendations outlined by Levac et al and will adhere to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines for reporting. Peer-reviewed papers written in English will be searched in the following databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane, ProQuest, Web of Science, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, and ERIH PLUS. The web-based systematic review platform Covidence will be used to create a data extraction template. It will cover the following items: study and participant characteristics, health measures, digital tool characteristics and usage, and research findings. Following the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework, our review will focus on studies involving older workers aged 50 years or older, any form of digital technology (including teleworking and the use of digital tools at work), and how digital technologies affect physical health (such as vision loss, musculoskeletal disorders, and migraines). Studies that focus only on mental health will be excluded. Study selection based on title and abstract screening (first stage), full-text review (second stage), and data extraction (third stage) will be performed by a group of researchers, whereby each paper will be reviewed by at least 2 people. Any conflict regarding the inclusion or exclusion of a study and the data extraction will be resolved by discussion between the researchers who evaluated the papers; a third researcher will be involved if consensus is not reached. Results: A preliminary search of MEDLINE, Epistemonikos, Cochrane, PROSPERO, and JBI Evidence Synthesis was conducted, and no current or ongoing systematic reviews or scoping reviews on the topic were identified. The results of the study are expected in April 2025. Conclusions: Our scoping review will seek to provide an overview of the available evidence and identify research gaps regarding the effect of digital technology and the use of digital tools in the work environment on the physical health of older workers. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/59900

Many old adults are faced with the risk of social exclusion, which inhibits them from enjoying a satisfactory quality of life. Accordingly, understanding this multidimensional and multifaceted complex phenomena is crucial for building an inclusive society. Hence, studies concentrating on vulnerable groups with higher probability of economic forms of exclusion, such as widowed or divorced materially deprived women, are valuable as exclusion necessitates different actions for different segments of the older population. Against this background, this chapter investigates resilience and coping mechanisms of materially deprived widowed and separated/divorced older women. Data is taken from a qualitative study in Turkey and Serbia, two EU candidate countries with different enabling environments and social protections for older people, but with a similar level of connectedness within extended families. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with materially deprived divorced and widowed women, aged 65 years and older were conducted. The data was analysed based on the framework method. The analysis identifies the economic exclusion experienced by these women, along with the resilience and the different coping mechanisms that they demonstrate. Furthermore, it makes a cross-country comparison between Turkey and Serbia laying out similarities and differences between the two nations on this topic.

BACKGROUND: Population aging, caused by an increase in life expectancy and decrease in fertility rates, has created changes and challenges in various spheres, including the labor market. Though health deteriorates with age, more and more older adults choose to stay in the labor force and work into late life. OBJECTIVE: Understanding the effects of various work conditions on the health of older workers is crucial for designing policies and interventions to ensure healthy late life and maintain a productive workforce. To contribute to this endeavor, this study investigates the relationship between long working hours (LWH) and mortality among older populations. METHODS: The study uses the Cox proportional hazards regression model to investigate data from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) between the years 1992–2016, a longitudinal nationally representative dataset from the United States. RESULTS: The results indicate that working 50 hours or more per week is not associated with an increased risk of mortality, for the full sample (1.45 [95% CI: 0.86, 2.45]), for both genders (females 0.51 [95% CI: 0.06, 4.28], males 1.45 [95% CI: 0.81, 2.61]), and for immigrants (female immigrants 0.55 [95% CI: 0.06, 4.75], male immigrants 1.44 [95% CI: 0.79, 2.62]). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis confirms and extends the findings of earlier studies by taking into consideration the potential impact of many demographic, socioeconomic, work-related and health-related factors.

Background: Digital technologies are increasingly present in workplaces; however, their impact on the physical health of older workers remains unclear. Objective: This scoping review aims to examine and summarize the scientific evidence on how digital technology affects the physical health of older workers. Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, we conducted a scoping review of English-language peer-reviewed studies extracted from MEDLINE, Cochrane, ProQuest, Web of Science, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, and ERIH PLUS. The review followed the population, concept, and context (PCC) framework, including studies on workers aged 50 years or older, any form of digital technology (eg, teleworking and the use of digital tools at work), and its impact on physical health (eg, vision loss and musculoskeletal disorders). Studies that focused only on mental health were excluded. A 13-member research team screened studies in 3 stages, namely title and abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction. Each study was independently reviewed by at least 2 researchers, and disagreements were resolved through discussion. Data extraction and synthesis were conducted using the web-based systematic review platform Covidence (Veritas Health Innovation Ltd). Results: In total, 18 studies were selected, published between 2012 and 2024, with most conducted in Europe (n=8) and Asia (n=6), followed by North America (n=2), Oceania (n=1), and Africa (n=1). We identified 6 key physical health areas impacted by digital technology in older workers, including eye health, musculoskeletal health, metabolic and cardiovascular health, workplace sound levels, and user experiences of new technologies. Findings showed mixed effects, with notable negative impacts on eye strain, musculoskeletal disorders, and hearing health issues, but positive effects on weight management, cardiovascular health, physical activity, and perceived physical well-being. Conclusions: Digital technology presents both risks and benefits for the physical health of older workers. While prolonged screen use and digital work environments contribute to eye strain, musculoskeletal issues, and hearing concerns, other technologies support better weight management, cardiovascular health, and increased physical activity. These findings also underscore the need for workplace intervention to reduce health risks. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/59900

This study investigates the impact of the massive and unexpected influx of Syrian refugees on the job vacancy rates (JVRs) and job-finding rates (JFRs) in Turkey between 2009–2015 and 2009–2018. We employed the instrumental variable approach to address potential endogeneity issues. While we found no significant causal impact of the Syrian refugees on JVR, they decreased JFR between 2009 and 2018. A reduction in JFR indicates that the Beveridge Curve shifted inwards, thereby raising matching efficiency and facilitating an improvement in labour market conditions. Furthermore, our research indicated differences in coefficients and significance in JVR and JFR across occupations, as well as different effects in these areas between the short and long term. However, the results demonstrate that the rapid and unexpected influx of Syrian refugees alleviated JVR and JFR in most of the occupation groups.