Introduction: Difficulties in attaining employment significantly contribute to socioeconomic poverty among individuals with disabilities. However, our understanding of how socioeconomic deprivation experienced by individuals and families with disabilities influences employment opportunities remains incomplete. This study aims to explore the relationship between index of disability-related multiple deprivation (IDMD) and employment opportunities (EMPO), while also investigating the role of family socioeconomic status (FSES) in shaping this relation.Methods: This study explores the heterogeneous effects of IDMD, FSES, and the interaction between IDMD*FSES on EMPO among four disabled population groups categorized by IDMD and FSES.Results: Results reveal that IDMD has a significant negative impact on EMPO, suggesting that persons with disabilities are confronted with a poverty trap resulting from the relationship between IDMD and EMPO. Furthermore, FSES demonstrates an effective moderating role in the IDMD-EMPO relationship, with the greatest impact observed among disabled population groups characterized by high IDMD and low FSES.Discussion: The findings suggest that family-level support is crucial for vulnerable groups of disabled individuals to overcome the poverty trap, surpassing the reliance on individual-level assistance alone. This study supports a paradigm shift in comprehending disability-related deprivation by acknowledging its association with families, thereby presenting opportunities to enhance the welfare of people with disabilities.

The global transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy is vital for mitigating climate change, yet plans to transition in China are generally coarsely resolved.

The global issue of job-housing imbalance is increasingly critical in urban planning and public health. This study utilizes data from the 2023 Jinan City Commuting Survey and employs structural equation modelling (SEM) to investigate the pathways and mechanisms linking neighborhood environments to health outcomes within this context. The findings reveal key insights: First, a higher Job-Housing Balance Index (JHBI) does not necessarily reduce commuting distances due to mismatches between local job opportunities and residents’ qualifications or preferences. Second, active commuting, such as walking and cycling, is positively associated with self-rated health and serves as a partial substitute for other physical activities. A trade-off appears to exist, as individuals who actively commute often reduce their engagement in planned exercise, indicating compensatory behavior. Third, neighborhood factors, including station density and access to service facilities, directly improve health, while road networks and building density are related to active commuting, which in turn is associated with health outcomes. The green space ratio is primarily associated with health outcomes through its relationship with commuting choices. These findings emphasize the health and environmental benefits of promoting active commuting. They also suggest that improving neighborhood environments—by increasing walkability, enhancing transit access, and providing local amenities—can help mitigate the negative effects of job-housing separation. The study offers empirical evidence to support integrated urban planning and public health policies aimed at fostering healthier, more sustainable cities.

In the current context of aging and urbanization, the rapid increase in the prevalences of disabilities (PoDs) has become an important consideration in healthy urban planning. Previous studies have focused on the spatial prevalence of total disabilities based on large-scale survey data. However, few studies have examined different types of PoDs and the factors contributing to spatial disparities in micro-urban units at the municipal level. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the spatial PoDs, related built environments, and socio-economic factors across the Tianjin municipality in 2020. The study employed Getis–Ord GI* analysis to identify urban-rural disparities and ordinary least square (OLS) and quantile regression (QR) analyses to model the heterogeneous effects of the spatial PoDs-associated factors across quantiles. The results reveal that the PoDs, especially of visual, hearing, and limb disabilities, in the urban center, are significantly higher than those in rural areas, which is inconsistent with previous studies conducted in China. The urbanization rate, medical facilities, and education facilities significantly reduced the total PoDs, while the elderly population, migrant population, bus route density, and road density significantly increased it. The built environments and socio-economic factors had heterogeneous impacts on different types of PoDs, which were summarized into three categories based on these dominant factors: (1) visual and hearing disabilities were medical facility-dominated; (2) intellectual and limb disabilities were urbanization- and aging-dominated; and (3) mental and speech disabilities were migrant-dominated. This study provides scientific advice to adapt to the expected increase in demand for disability-related medical and public health services and to expand the range of effective strategies and interventions aimed at preventing the deterioration of disability and improving disability management in the population.

Outdoor public spaces in urban communities are essential for children’s physical and mental well-being, as opportunities for free exploration, social interaction, and healthy development are closely related to how safe children perceive these environments to be. However, systematic frameworks for evaluating community outdoor public spaces and locally adapted instruments for assessing children’s perceived safety remain limited, and the associations between spatial characteristics and perceived safety are not yet fully understood. This study integrates questionnaire survey data from residential communities in Wuhan, China. It develops an evaluation system for community outdoor public spaces based on naturalness, functionality, protection, and attractiveness, and constructs a measurement system for children’s perceived safety covering motor vehicle traffic, walking and cycling, and social interaction environments. Within a physical environment–behavioral activity–psychological perception framework, multiple linear regression models and bootstrap analysis are used to examine associations between parent-reported assessments of community outdoor public spaces and children’s self-reported perceived safety, as well as exploratory indirect associations involving outdoor activity. The results show that diversity of supporting facilities, age-appropriateness of movable toys, and terrain richness are positively associated with perceived safety, whereas parents’ ratings of surveillance adequacy, age-appropriateness of fixed play equipment, accessibility to water and sand, diversity of natural materials, and suitability for all age groups are negatively associated with perceived safety. Outdoor activity duration shows exploratory indirect associations linking spatial appeal and the variety of public spaces with perceived safety. Based on these findings, the study proposes planning considerations for daily activity support, facility adaptability, and children’s outdoor experiences, and extends research on child-friendly urban environments by providing context-specific evidence for improving community outdoor public spaces.