Background: Diet can affect the body's acid-base balance due to its content of acid or base precursors. There is conflicting evidence for the role of metabolic acidosis in the development of cardiometabolic disorders, hypertension (HT), and insulin resistance (IR). Objective: We hypothesized that dietary acid load (DAL) is associated with adverse metabolic risk factors and aimed to investigate this in the elderly. Methods: A total of 114 elderly participants were included in the study. The participants were divided into four groups such as HT, diabetes (DM), both HT and DM, and healthy controls. Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical findings were recorded. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) results were obtained from three-day, 24-hour dietary records via a nutrient database program. (BeBiS software program). Results: The groups were matched for age, gender, and BMI. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding NEAP (p =0.01) and no significant difference for PRAL ( p = 0.086). The lowest NEAP and PRAL levels were seen in the control group while the highest in the HT group. Both NEAP and PRAL were correlated with waist circumference (r = 0,325, p = 0.001; r=0,231, p =0,016, respectively). Conclusion: Our data confirmed that subjects with HT and DM had diets with greater acid-forming potential. High NEAP may be a risk factor for chronic metabolic diseases, particularly HT. PRAL could not be shown as a significantly different marker in all participants. Dietary content has a significant contribution to the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors, such as HT, DM, and obesity.

This study aimed to examine some popular diets' nutrient content, dietary antioxidant capacity, diet quality, and dietary inflammatory load. Materials and Method: Literature was reviewed to identify popular diets, and Atkins, vegan, Zone, Dukan, Mediterranean, alkaline, ketogenic, and Paleo diets were included in the study. Nutrient contents, antioxidant capacity, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of popular diets were determined using the Ebispro for Windows (BeBIS) program. Diet Quality Index-I (DQI-I) and Dietary Inflammatory Index were calculated. Results: When the antioxidant amounts of all dietary models were compared, the diet with the highest antioxidant content was the Paleo diet (6.0 mmol), and the lowest was the classic ketogenic diet (1.9 mmol). When the ORAC values of the dietary patterns were compared, the diet with the highest antioxidant capacity was the Paleo diet (23670), and the diet with the lowest antioxidant capacity was the Dukan cruise diet (1828). The diet with the lowest DII score was the vegan diet (-1.5), and the diet with the highest DII score was the classic ketogenic diet (5.9). According to the DII scores, vegan, Dukan, and Mediterranean diets have anti-inflammatory properties. Vegan diet had the highest DQI-I score (74). Zone (73) and Mediterranean (68) had the highest scoring diets. The diets with the lowest DQI-I scores were the Dukan (attack phase) (43) and the classic ketogenic diet (46). Conclusion: These findings provide valuable information on the nutritional adequacy of popular diets. Plant-based and balanced diets have better quality and nutrient profiles than low-carbohydrate diets.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adult individuals based on their chronotype characteristics. Methods: The study included 266 volunteer adult individuals living. Data collection involved a questionnaire that included lifestyle characteristics and anthropometric measurements, the Morningness- Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) to determine chronotypes, and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) to assess the risk of T2DM. Results: The proportion of evening types is higher among alcohol users (20.8%) compared to nonusers (7.5%) (P = .006). The proportion of evening types is higher among individuals with sleep problems (22.5%) compared to those without sleep problems (8.0%) (P = .016). The MEQ scores showed a significant positive correlation with age (r = 0.213, P < .01), whereas no significant correlation was found between MEQ scores and FINDRISC or body mass index (BMI) (P > .05). According to the binary logistic regression analysis, significant risk factors affecting FINDRISC scores are age, gender, and BMI (odds ratio (OR) = 1.073, 95% CI = 1.021-1.128, P = .006; OR = 1.431, OR = 0.246, 95% CI = 0.087-0.700, P = .009, 95% CI = 1.262-1.622, P < .001, respectively). Chronotype, sleep quality, smoking, alcohol consumption, general appetite, and skipping meals do not have a statistically significant effect on FINDRISC scores (P > .05). Conclusion: The relationship between chronotype and metabolic risk is complex and may be influenced by population characteristics, measurement tools, and mediating behavioral factors. Longitudinal and larger population studies are needed to better understand this relationship. Cite this article as: Tatar T, Zengin FH. Evaluation of type 2 diabetes risk in adults according to chronotype. Endocrinol Res Pract. 2026;30(1):17-22.

Background: CAR is a novel biomarker that predicts disease prognosis in inflammation-related diseases such as stroke. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between CAR and disease severity and nutritional status in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Method: This research is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. The sample consists of 99 AIS patients. A face-to-face interview questionnaire was used to determine the sociodemographic characteristics. The nutritional status was assessed by NRS-2002, SNAQ, MUST, and SGA, and disease status was determined by NIHSS and Modified Rankin Scale. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Biochemical parameters were obtained retrospectively from the patient records. Results: 21.2% (n = 21) of the patients had an NRS-2002 score ≥ 3. When the combined effect of NIHSS and MUST on CAR was evaluated using Univariate ANOVA, the main effect of both MUST and NIHSS separately was significant. However, the combined effect of NIHSS and MUST was not found (p > 0.05). CAR of those at low risk of malnutrition (6.2±13.7) was significantly lower than that of those at moderate risk of malnutrition (13.7±17.2) according to MUST (p < 0.05). NRS-2002 significantly predicted a higher CAR (B = 10.89, p = 0.002). CAR significantly predicted higher NIHSS (B = 0.02, p = 0.003). The total effect analysis showed that malnutrition was positively associated with disease severity (B = 0.72, p = 0.002). Discussion: This study revealed that nutritional risk (NRS-2002) was significantly associated with disease severity (NIHSS), both directly and indirectly. CAR mediated this relationship. Using CAR may facilitate the detection of nutritional risk.

Diyet esasen bir beslenme düzenidir. Her diyet tüketilen veya tüketilmeyen besinlerin toplamından oluşur. Kişiye özel planlanması ve bilinçli olarak yapılması gerekmektedir. Toplum tabanlı uygulama örneklerini sıkça gördüğümüz bazı diyetler, her kesimce kabul edilmemiş olsa da uygulanabilirliğini sürdürmektedir. İnsan hayatının değişmezi olan değişkenlik gereksinimi ve yenilik ihtiyacını diyet uygulamalarında da görebilmekteyiz. Günümüzde hemen her sene öne çıkan bir diyet adını öğrenmekte ve bunun sorgulanmadan büyük kitlelerce uygulandığına tanıklık etmekteyiz. Genellikle sonuç odaklı yaşamaya programlı insanoğlu, kısa sürede değişimi arzulamakta, sürecin sağlık boyutunu ihmal edebilmektedir. Bazı beslenme programları kimi hastalıkların tedavi sürecine olumlu katkı sağlarken kimi hastalıkların da davetçisi olabilmektedir. Bu ayrımı, her insanın kendisine özgü olan beden, ruh ve sosyal özellikleri belirlemektedir.