Isolates (PV006687-PV006694) revealed 100% nucleotide identity with the W11 strain (MF198463.1) from the USA and the GA/8 strain (OR419772.1) from Turkey. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance and biosecurity measures to prevent the spread of viroids in pistachio crops, particularly in trees grafted onto P. atlantica rootstocks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CBCVd-pis infectingP. atlantica in Tunisia.

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 (GLRaV-4, Ampelovirus tetravitis) has considerable genetic diversity. A survey was conducted in central, western, and southern Algeria to investigate the distribution and the genetic diversity of GLRaV-4 in commercial and autochthonous grape cultivars. DAS-ELISA detected an overall grapevine infection rate of 18.2%, and infections in a subset of samples were confirmed by RT-PCR. Analysis of the P23 protein gene sequence revealed six known phylogenetic groups, with Algerian isolates clustering in strains -4, -5, -6, -9, and -Pr of GLRaV-4. In addition to this virus, three viruses and two viroids were identified using high throughput sequencing: grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV, Trichovirus pinovitis), grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2, Closterovirus vitis), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV, Nepovirus foliumflabelli), hop stunt viroid (HSVd, Hostuviroid impedihumuli) and grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd-1, Apscaviroid alphaflavivitis). This study was the first research on genetic diversity of GLRaV-4 in Algeria.