Dyslipidemia is a major atherogenic risk factor for ischemic stroke. Stroke patients tend to have high levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Therefore, it is noteworthy that there has been an increase in ischemic stroke cases in young and elderly individuals in recent years. This study investigated the TC/HDL-C ratio and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, which may be more specific and common lipid parameters in young patients with ischemic stroke. This study aimed to demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios as atherogenic markers for young adult ischemic strokes. This trial was conducted as a retrospective case—control study. A total of 123 patients (patient group) and 86 healthy individuals (control group) aged 18–50 years were randomly selected from four different hospitals. Lipid parameters and TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were compared between these two groups. The mean age was 38.8 ± 7.3 years in patients and 37.7 ± 9 years in controls (p > 005). The HDL-C levels were 39.1 ± 10.8 mg/dL in patients and 48.4 ± 13.8 mg/dL in controls (p < 0.001). LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were 3.23 ± 1.74 and 2.38 ± 0.87, and TC/HDL-C ratios were 5.24 ± 2.31 and 4.10 ± 1.25 in the patient and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C cutoff values in ROC analyses were 2.61 and 4.40 respectively; the AUCs (95% CI) were determined to be 0.680 (0.608–0.753) and 0.683 (0.610–0.755) (p < 0.001), respectively. An increased risk of stroke was observed in those with a high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (OR = 1.827; 95% CI = 1.341–2.488; p < 0.001). Our study obtained similar results when we compared the mean TC and LDL-C levels between the two groups. However, considering the TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios, it is noteworthy that there was a significant difference between the patient and control groups.

Background: Hyperglycemia during acute ischemic stroke is associated with worse outcomes, and this glucose altitude may persist in the initial days. In this study, we investigate the effect of glucose fluctuations in the first 4 days in patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and who underwent ivr-tPA ± interventional thrombectomy or only interventional thrombectomy on stroke prognosis. Study was designed bicentered retrospective case series. Patients older than 18 years were included and those suitable for acute treatment, treatment indications, contraindications, and treatment management of hyperglycemia were selected according to the 2018 American Stroke Association guidelines. The effect of fasting glucose values of patients in the first 4 days on admission and 24th hour NIHSS scores, duration of hospitalization, disability, mortality, and prognosis were analyzed. We aimed to demostred the effect of the first 4-day glucose values measured in patients treated in a stroke center on clinical prospect. Results: One hundred and seventy-six patients were included in the study. Group 1 included 30 (17%) patients with severe clinical condition (NIHSS at admission ≥ 16), and Group 2 comprised 146 (83%) patients with moderate and mild clinical condition (NIHSS at admission < 16). The glucose values of Groups 1 and 2 were found as follows: day 1 (admission): 178.7 ± 10.3 mg/dl and 138.3 ± 54.9 mg/dl, day 2: 197.7 ± 99.8 mg/dl and 137.6 ± 51.8 mg/dl, day 3: 186.1 ± 97.6 mg/dl and 127.5 ± 50.0 mg/dl, and day 4: 169.2 ± 85.0 mg/dl and 126.7 ± 49.3 mg/dl (p < 0.05). Mortality risk of patients with glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl was 43.5% on day 1 (p > 0.05), 57.1% on day 2, 68.4% on day 3, and 76.5% on day 4 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The glucose level of patients in severe clinical condition peaked on the second day and that 4 days of resilient severe hyperglycemia is a negative risk factor for sequela and mortality.

Giriş: D vitamini; immün cevabı, endotel fonksiyonu ve hücre proliferasyonu düzenlenmesi yanında antienflamatuar ve antioksidan fonksiyonları bulunabilen bir hormondur. Bu çalışmamızda amacımız, ülkemizde sık görülen yaşam kalitesini ve çalışma hayatını olumsuz etkileyen migrenin etyopatogenezine ışık tutmak ve gelecekte tedavisine katkı sağlayabilmektir. Materyal ve method: Migren tanısı alan 50 hasta ile 50 sağlıklı birey kontrol grubu olarak alındı. Hasta ve kontrol grubunda serum vitamin D [25(OH)vit D], parathormon, kalsiyum, fosfor, albümin düzeyleri çalışıldı. Bulgular: Migrenli hastalarda D vitamini düzeyi ortalama 18.51±12.05 ng/ml iken kontrol grubunda 12.82±9.06 ng/ml olup, p=0.005 saptandı. Kalsiyum ve albümin düzeyi ise migren hastalarında daha düşük bulundu. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda migren hastalarında D vitamini düzeyi daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Birçok çalışmada D vitamini epizodik migrenli hastalarda düşük saptanmış olmasına rağmen çok sayıda çalışmada da bir ilişki saptanamamıştır ve az sayıda çalışmada da bizim çalışmamızda olduğu gibi D vitamin düzeyi yüksek saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak migren, kalsiyum ve D vitamini arasındaki ilişki hala tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu ilişki belirlenmesi için randomize kontrollü çalışmaların yanı sıra moleküler düzeyde çalışmaların da yapılması patogenezle ilgili daha net bilgiler verebilir.

Kalıtsal kas hastalıkları, iskelet sisteminin yapısal veya fonksiyonel bozukluklarıyla karakterize olan ve genellikle genetik geçiş gösteren nadir hastalık gruplarıdır. Tanı sürecinde klinik öykü ve fizik muayenenin yanı sıra kreatin kinaz seviyeleri, elektromiyografi (EMG), kas biyopsisi ve moleküler genetik testler kritik rol oynamaktadır. Günümüzde bu hastalıkların kesin bir tedavisi bulunmamakla birlikte, fizik tedavi ve destekleyici yaklaşımların yanı sıra bazı spesifik türlerde enzim replasman tedavileri uygulanmaktadır. Hereditary muscle diseases are rare conditions characterized by structural or functional disorders of the skeletal system, typically following various genetic inheritance patterns. The diagnostic process relies on clinical history and physical examination, supported by laboratory markers like creatine kinase, electromyography (EMG), muscle biopsy, and molecular genetic testing. While a definitive cure is not yet available, management focuses on supportive care such as physical therapy, with enzyme replacement therapies used for specific metabolic myopathies.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the utility of lipid parameters individually and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio as a possible risk marker for intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). Materials and Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective case-control study that included 226 patients with ICH and 226 controls. Lipid parameters were evaluated after 12 h of fasting in patients whose ICH was confirmed by brain computed tomography, and no underlying vascular, traumatic, or metabolic cause could be found. Results: The mean LDL-C levels and mean total cholesterol (TC) levels did not differ in in the patient and control groups. The mean HDL-C levels in the patient groups were significantly lower whereas triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher. In the patient and control groups, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was 2.65±1.10 and 2.94±1.13 (p=0.006), TG/HDL-C ratio was 3.60±2.72 and 4.47±3.25 (p=0.002), and TC/HDL-C ratio was 4.37±1.49 and 4.83 ± 1.56 (p=0.002), respectively. Conclusion: Increased TG and decreased HDL-C levels were found to be associated with ICHs. However LDL-C/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C ratios were low in the patient group. Therefore, we can conclude that these lipid ratios give clearer and more significant results in determining the risk of hemorrhage.