Chin-Hee Song, Nayoung Kim, Ryoung Hee Nam, Soo In Choi, Jae Young Jang, Eun Hye Kim, Jina Choi, Yonghoon Choi, Hyuk Yoon, Sun Min Lee, Yeong-Jae Seok. Gut and Liver 2024;18:654-66. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230385

Sun Min Lee, Nayoung Kim, Hyuk Yoon, Yong Sung Kim, Soo In Choi, Ji Hyun Park, and Dong Ho Lee. Gut and Liver 1999;0:. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl19379

Food Science of Animal Resources (Food Sci. Anim. Resour.) is an international, peer-reviewed bimonthly journal publishing original research and reviews on basic and applied aspects of the use of animal resources including the meat, egg, dairy, and edible insect/worm products. Food Sci. Anim. Resour. is published and distributed by the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources.

Jung Won Lee, Nayoung Kim, Ryoung Hee Nam, Jeong Eun Yu, Joo Hee Son, Sun Min Lee, and Dong Ho Lee. Gut and Liver 1999;0:. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl20247

Immune responses induced by natural infection and vaccination are known to be initiated by the recognition of microbial patterns by cognate receptors, since microbes and most vaccine components contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Recent discoveries on the roles of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cell death in immunogenicity have improved our understanding of the mechanism underlying vaccine-induced immunity. DAMPs are usually immunologically inert, but can transform into alarming signals to activate the resting immune system in response to pathogenic infection, cellular stress and death, or tissue damage. The activation of DAMPs and cell death pathways can trigger local inflammation, occasionally mediating adaptive immunity, including antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses. Emerging evidence indicates that the components of vaccines and adjuvants induce immunogenicity via the stimulation of DAMP/cell death pathways. Furthermore, strategies for targeting this pathway to enhance immunogenicity are being investigated actively. In this review, we describe various DAMPs and focus on the roles of DAMP/cell death pathways in the context of vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines were developed based on various platform technologies and were approved for emergency use. However, the comparative analysis of immunogenicity and durability of vaccine-induced antibody responses depending on vaccine platforms or vaccination regimens has not been thoroughly examined for mRNA- or viral vector-based vaccines. In this study, we assessed spike-binding IgG levels and neutralizing capacity in 66 vaccinated individuals prime-boost immunized either by homologous (BNT162b2-BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-ChAdOx1) or heterologous (ChAdOx1-BNT162b2) vaccination for six months after the first vaccination. Despite the discrepancy in intervals for the prime-boost vaccination regimen of different COVID-19 vaccines, we found stronger induction and relatively rapid waning of antibody responses by homologous vaccination of the mRNA vaccine, while weaker boost effect and stable maintenance of humoral immune responses were observed in the viral vector vaccine group over 6 months. Heterologous vaccination with ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 resulted in an effective boost effect with the highest remaining antibody responses at six months post-primary vaccination.