Introduction. Pentalogy of Cantrell is a very rare congenital multiple malformation with the poor outcome. Syndrome included the following pentad: abdominal wall defect, a defect of the lower sternum, anterior diaphragm defect, ectopia cordis, as well as a variety of intracardiac anomalies. Case Report. In the fifteenth week of the twin pregnancy, ultrasound examination showed multiple anomalies in one, as well as the absence of the nose apex in the other twin. The autopsy of the fetuses was performed after the abortion had been approved by the Ethics Committee. The external examination of the fetus number one showed ectopic heart and omphalocele. The internal examination revealed the existence of sternum cleft, ectopic heart and part of the left lung outside the thoracic cavity, the presence of diaphragmatic hernia with protrusion of abdominal organs, heart with only one large vessel and the horseshoe kidney. The full expression of the Pentalogy of Cantrell was confirmed. The external and internal examination of the other twin showed just agenesis of the nose apex. Conclusion. Recognition and diagnosis of the syndrome is of the exceptional importance. Proper and timely diagnosis should contribute to good outcome of the pregnancy and delivery.

The choroid plexus (ChP) is essential for brain homeostasis by regulating the secretion of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Despite a substantial body of work on the pathologically alterations of the ChP, there is lack of data concerning the naturally occurring morphological changes asso-ciated with ageing. In this study, we investigated 30 human ChP tissue samples that were divided into 3 groups according to age. Morphometric analysis of psammoma bodies (PBs) on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained samples and immunohistochemical analysis of ChP were performed (using antibodies to transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein CD34 and nuclear protein Ki-67). Amyloid deposits were detected using Congo red staining. Middle-aged and older individuals exhibited a significantly higher numerical density (ndPB) mostly as increased immature forms, which led us to question the proposed nomenclature. The proliferation rate of the ChP epithelium did not show significant difference between groups. The vascular area was markedly decreased and accompanied by amyloid deposition in blood vessel walls. While the deposits were limited to middle-sized blood vessels in the middle-aged group, in the older group deposits were also present around small vessels. The identified major morphological alterations of ageing ChP tissue provide further understanding of disfunctions of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier that underlie neurodegenerative disorders.

In this paper, pathohistological images of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in stomach mucosa in a 68-year-old female patient with treated osteomyelofibrosis are presented. The digestive system is a potential but uncommon site of EMH, with the gastric mucosa being particularly rare. According to the available literature, only 12 cases have been described.

Introduction/Objective. Autopsy represents the gold standard for determining cause and mechanisms of death. With this paper, the authors wanted to acquaint colleagues with our experiences while performing autopsies of COVID-positive deceased patients. Method. The study included total of 12 autopsies related to COVID-19 infection, performed in our forensic pathology institution, from which one autopsy of suspected patient and 11 autopsies of confirmed COVID-positive patients. Confirmation of infection was obtained by antemortem polymerase chain reaction analysis of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs and by postmortem swabs taken from upper airways and lungs. Results. In five cases, cause of death was directly attributed to COVID-19 infection. In two cases cause of death was due to heart attack, in two cases due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage, in one case due to multiple injuries, in one case due to trauma complications and in one case due to gunshot injury. Conclusion. Large number of autopsies in which cause of death has been established to be other than COVID, along with importance of these cases for litigation, strongly emphasizes the importance of forensic autopsy of COVID-positive deceased. If adequate personal protective equipment is used, there should be minimal exposure risk to virus remaining in body tissues.

Introduction: Increasing the volume of penis by injecting various substances (paraffin, silicone, mineral oils) remains a highly controversial procedure. This procedure is usually performed by patients themselves or by persons without a licensed medical education. Injecting these substances causes a local inflammatory reaction with redness, pain, swelling, thickening of penile skin, with the subsequent formation of sclerosing lipogranuloma, In more serious cases ulceration, necrosis, embolism and even death may occur. Impotence, painful erections and dysuria are the most common symptoms. The treatment is excision with subsequent reconstruction, while the conservative approach using antibiotics has a limited effect. Case report: A 45-year-old patient presents to Emergency Department due to lesions on penis. Inspection showedscarring with ulcers and signs of inflammation on ventral side of penis, and patient was referred to urologist. Part of the scar tissue with inflammation was excised, biopsy was taken, and reconstruction was made. Pathohistological analysis revealed fragments of skin and subcutaneous connective tissue. Ulcerations with inflammatory infiltrate, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis were present on parts of epidermis. Inflammatory infiltrate rich in epithelioid histiocytes with lipid vacuoles was present in subcutaneous connective tissue, and smaller foci of necrosis and cystic changes in the form of "Swiss cheese" were observed. Based on pathohistological findings and clinical data, he was diagnosed with sclerosing lipogranuloma. Conclusion: Increasing the volume of penis by injecting substances is very dangerous. In extreme cases this procedure can even result in death, and will never provide the expected , satisfying results to the patients.

Introduction. Acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia are malignant blood cell disorders characterized by increased angiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate blood vessel density in bone marrow tissue of patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukemia and to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference compared to a control group. Material and Methods. This retrospective study included 90 bone marrow biopsy samples, categorized into three groups: control, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia. Pathohistological diagnoses were retrieved from the records of the Center for Pathology and Histology of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina. Samples were processed using standard histological and immunohistochemical techniques, examined microscopically, and photographed. Blood vessel density was quantified using ImageJ program, analyzing five microphotographs per sample, with results expressed as percentages. The mean value was calculated for each subject. Data were analyzed statistically and presented numerically, graphically, and in tables. Results. The mean blood vessel density was 1.85% (?}0.56%) in the control group, 3.72 (?}1.67%) in the acute myeloid leukemia group, and 5.42% (?}2.28%) in the chronic myeloid leukemia group. A statistically significant difference in blood vessel density was observed among the groups. Conclusion. The statistically significant difference in blood vessel density between the groups underscores the role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of these malignancies and suggests its potential relevance in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.