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De-Xing Hou
Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan

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Journal article
Published: 25 June 2021 in Animals
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Rice, broken rice (BR), and full-fat rice bran (FFRB) from six different origins were analyzed for their chemical composition, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolized energy (AMEn), and standardized amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) in 14-day-old and 28-day-old Arbor Acres broilers. Results showed broilers fed with rice and BR had a similar AMEn regardless of the rice and BR having different CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and ash content. FFRB containing significantly different CP, EE, NDF, ADFm and starch presented variable AMEn (p< 0.05), suggesting that starch content in rice and its byproducts contributed most to the AMEn of broilers. The regression equation of AMEn = 14.312 − (0.198 × NDF) and AMEn = 6.491 + (0.103 × Starch) were feasible to integrally predict AMEn of broilers fed to rice and its byproducts. Moreover, 28-day-old broilers had higher SIAAD than 14-day-old ones. The SIAAD of rice were higher than BR and FFRB except for Met, Cys, Thr, and Tyr in 14-day-old broilers (p< 0.05), and the SIAAD of His, Asp, and Ser in BR were higher than FFRB (p< 0.05). In 28-day-old broilers, the SIAAD of Leu, Trp, Asp, Gly, and Pro of rice were still higher than BR and FFRB (p< 0.05), but BR and FFRB had no significant differences (p > 0.05). The regression equations to estimate the SIAAD of Thr, Lys, and Met were: Met = 81.46 + (0.578 × CP), Thr = 0.863 + (6.311 × CP), and Trp = 102.883 − (1.77 × CP), indicating that CP content in rice and its byproducts was likely a major factor for prediction of SIAAD.

ACS Style

Kun Xie; Xi He; De-Xing Hou; Bingkun Zhang; Zehe Song. Evaluation of Nitrogen-Corrected Apparent Metabolizable Energy and Standardized Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Different Sources of Rice and Rice Milling Byproducts in Broilers. Animals 2021, 11, 1894 .

AMA Style

Kun Xie, Xi He, De-Xing Hou, Bingkun Zhang, Zehe Song. Evaluation of Nitrogen-Corrected Apparent Metabolizable Energy and Standardized Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Different Sources of Rice and Rice Milling Byproducts in Broilers. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):1894.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kun Xie; Xi He; De-Xing Hou; Bingkun Zhang; Zehe Song. 2021. "Evaluation of Nitrogen-Corrected Apparent Metabolizable Energy and Standardized Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Different Sources of Rice and Rice Milling Byproducts in Broilers." Animals 11, no. 7: 1894.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2020 in Nutrients
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a manifestation of metabolic syndrome closely linked to dyslipidemia and gut microbiome dysbiosis. Bilberry anthocyanins (BA) have been reported to have preventive effects against metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of BA in a Western diet (WD)-induced mouse model. The results revealed that supplementation with BA attenuated the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), fat content in liver, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) caused by WD. Furthermore, gut microbiota characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that BA reduced remarkably the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) and modified gut microbiome. In particular, BA increased the relative abundance of g_Akkermansia and g_Parabacteroides. Taken together, our data demonstrated that BA might ameliorate WD-induced NAFLD by attenuating dyslipidemia and gut microbiome dysbiosis.

ACS Style

Hironobu Nakano; Shusong Wu; Kozue Sakao; Taichi Hara; Jianhua He; Santos Garcia; Kalidas Shetty; De-Xing Hou. Bilberry Anthocyanins Ameliorate NAFLD by Improving Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3252 .

AMA Style

Hironobu Nakano, Shusong Wu, Kozue Sakao, Taichi Hara, Jianhua He, Santos Garcia, Kalidas Shetty, De-Xing Hou. Bilberry Anthocyanins Ameliorate NAFLD by Improving Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (11):3252.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hironobu Nakano; Shusong Wu; Kozue Sakao; Taichi Hara; Jianhua He; Santos Garcia; Kalidas Shetty; De-Xing Hou. 2020. "Bilberry Anthocyanins Ameliorate NAFLD by Improving Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis." Nutrients 12, no. 11: 3252.

Paper
Published: 24 June 2020 in Food & Function
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VTP might prevent WD-induced NAFLD by balancing fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis, hepatic oxidative stress, and the gut microbiome.

ACS Style

Kun Xie; Xi He; Keyu Chen; Kozue Sakao; De-Xing Hou. Ameliorative effects and molecular mechanisms of vine tea on western diet-induced NAFLD. Food & Function 2020, 11, 5976 -5991.

AMA Style

Kun Xie, Xi He, Keyu Chen, Kozue Sakao, De-Xing Hou. Ameliorative effects and molecular mechanisms of vine tea on western diet-induced NAFLD. Food & Function. 2020; 11 (7):5976-5991.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kun Xie; Xi He; Keyu Chen; Kozue Sakao; De-Xing Hou. 2020. "Ameliorative effects and molecular mechanisms of vine tea on western diet-induced NAFLD." Food & Function 11, no. 7: 5976-5991.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2020 in Molecules
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The allicin diallyldisulfid-S-oxide, a major garlic organosulfur compound (OSC) in crushed garlic (Allium sativum L.), possesses antibacterial effects, and influences gut bacteria. In this study, we made allicin-free garlic (AFG) extract and investigated its effects on gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups and fed normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with or without AFG in concentrations of 1% and 5% for 11 weeks. The genomic DNAs of feces were used to identify the gut microbiome by sequencing 16S rRNA genes. The results revealed that the ratio of p-Firmicutes to p-Bacteroidetes increased by aging and HFD was reduced by AFG. In particular, the f-Lachnospiraceae, g-Akkermansia, and g-Lactobacillus decreased by aging and HFD was enhanced by AFG. The g-Dorea increased by aging and HFD decreased by AFG. In addition, the ratio of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase to glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GPT/GOT) in serum was significantly increased in the HFD group and decreased by AFG. In summary, our data demonstrated that dietary intervention with AFG is a potential way to balance the gut microbiome disturbed by a high-fat diet.

ACS Style

Keyu Chen; Yasushi Nakasone; Kun Xie; Kozue Sakao; De-Xing Hou. Modulation of Allicin-Free Garlic on Gut Microbiome. Molecules 2020, 25, 682 .

AMA Style

Keyu Chen, Yasushi Nakasone, Kun Xie, Kozue Sakao, De-Xing Hou. Modulation of Allicin-Free Garlic on Gut Microbiome. Molecules. 2020; 25 (3):682.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keyu Chen; Yasushi Nakasone; Kun Xie; Kozue Sakao; De-Xing Hou. 2020. "Modulation of Allicin-Free Garlic on Gut Microbiome." Molecules 25, no. 3: 682.

Review
Published: 12 October 2019 in Antioxidants
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Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a well-known natural anthocyanin and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The catabolism of C3G in the gastrointestinal tract could produce bioactive phenolic metabolites, such as protocatechuic acid, phloroglucinaldehyde, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid, which enhance C3G bioavailability and contribute to both mucosal barrier and microbiota. To get an overview of the function and mechanisms of C3G and its phenolic metabolites, we review the accumulated data of the absorption and catabolism of C3G in the gastrointestine, and attempt to give crosstalk between the phenolic metabolites, gut microbiota, and mucosal innate immune signaling pathways.

ACS Style

Jijun Tan; Yanli Li; De-Xing Hou; Shusong Wu. The Effects and Mechanisms of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside and Its Phenolic Metabolites in Maintaining Intestinal Integrity. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 479 .

AMA Style

Jijun Tan, Yanli Li, De-Xing Hou, Shusong Wu. The Effects and Mechanisms of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside and Its Phenolic Metabolites in Maintaining Intestinal Integrity. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (10):479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jijun Tan; Yanli Li; De-Xing Hou; Shusong Wu. 2019. "The Effects and Mechanisms of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside and Its Phenolic Metabolites in Maintaining Intestinal Integrity." Antioxidants 8, no. 10: 479.

Paper
Published: 28 August 2019 in Food & Function
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Protein fermentation has an adverse effect on colonic health; high-quality proteins and reducing the protein level (protein restriction) can effectively decrease the amount of proteins flowing into the colon for microbial protein fermentation.

ACS Style

Rui Li; Gaifeng Hou; Xiaodie Jiang; Zehe Song; Zhiyong Fan; De-Xing Hou; Xi He. Different dietary protein sources in low protein diets regulate colonic microbiota and barrier function in a piglet model. Food & Function 2019, 10, 6417 -6428.

AMA Style

Rui Li, Gaifeng Hou, Xiaodie Jiang, Zehe Song, Zhiyong Fan, De-Xing Hou, Xi He. Different dietary protein sources in low protein diets regulate colonic microbiota and barrier function in a piglet model. Food & Function. 2019; 10 (10):6417-6428.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rui Li; Gaifeng Hou; Xiaodie Jiang; Zehe Song; Zhiyong Fan; De-Xing Hou; Xi He. 2019. "Different dietary protein sources in low protein diets regulate colonic microbiota and barrier function in a piglet model." Food & Function 10, no. 10: 6417-6428.

Journal article
Published: 09 August 2019 in Antioxidants
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Ampelopsis grossedentata, also called vine tea, has been used as a traditional beverage in China for centuries. Vine tea contains rich polyphenols and shows benefit to human health, but the chemical and antioxidant properties of vine tea polyphenols from different locations remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the chemical and antioxidant properties of vine tea from three major production areas in China including Guizhou, Hunan, and Guangxi Provinces. The highest amount of polyphenol from vine tea was extracted by 70% ethanol at 70 °C for 40 min with ultrasonic treatment. The major compound in vine tea polyphenols (VTP) was determined as dihydromyricetin (DMY) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the content was estimated as 21.42%, 20.17%, and 16.47% of dry weight basis from Hunan, Guizhou, and Guangxi products, respectively. The antioxidant activities were investigated in vitro and in culture hepatic cells. VTP and DMY showed strong 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging ability and high oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) value in vitro. VTP and DMY also increased the level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH):quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in HepG2 cells. Moreover, VTP and DMY enhanced the level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and reduced the level of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Taken together, our data demonstrated that the extraction of vine tea by 70% ethanol with ultrasonic treatment is a novel method to efficiently obtain components possessing stronger antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the results from the culture cells suggest that the bioactive component of vine tea might exert the antioxidant activity by activating the cellular Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.

ACS Style

Kun Xie; Xi He; Keyu Chen; Jihua Chen; Kozue Sakao; De-Xing Hou. Antioxidant Properties of a Traditional Vine Tea, Ampelopsis grossedentata. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 295 .

AMA Style

Kun Xie, Xi He, Keyu Chen, Jihua Chen, Kozue Sakao, De-Xing Hou. Antioxidant Properties of a Traditional Vine Tea, Ampelopsis grossedentata. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (8):295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kun Xie; Xi He; Keyu Chen; Jihua Chen; Kozue Sakao; De-Xing Hou. 2019. "Antioxidant Properties of a Traditional Vine Tea, Ampelopsis grossedentata." Antioxidants 8, no. 8: 295.

Journal article
Published: 12 July 2019 in Toxins
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Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a cyanotoxin produced by cyanobacteria, induces oxidative stress in various types of cells. Prodigiosin, a red linear tripyrrole pigment, has been recently reported to have antimicrobial, antioxidative, and anticancer properties. How prodigiosin reacts to reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by MC-LR is still undetermined. This study aimed to examine the effect of prodigiosin against oxidative stress induced by MC-LR in HepG2 cells. Ros was generated after cells were treated with MC-LR and was significantly inhibited with treatment of prodigiosin. In prodigiosin-treated cells, the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2-related phase II enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were increased. Besides, prodigiosin contributed to enhance nuclear Nrf2 level and repressed ubiquitination. Furthermore, prodigiosin promoted Nrf2 protein level and inhibited ROS in Nrf2 knocked down HepG2 cells. Results indicated that prodigiosin reduced ROS induced by MC-LR by enhancing Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus in HepG2 cells. The finding presents new clues for the potential clinical applications of prodigiosin for inhibiting MC-LR-induced oxidative injury in the future.

ACS Style

Jihua Chen; Yuji Li; Fuqiang Liu; De-Xing Hou; Jingjing Xu; Xinying Zhao; Fei Yang; Xiangling Feng. Prodigiosin Promotes Nrf2 Activation to Inhibit Oxidative Stress Induced by Microcystin-LR in HepG2 Cells. Toxins 2019, 11, 403 .

AMA Style

Jihua Chen, Yuji Li, Fuqiang Liu, De-Xing Hou, Jingjing Xu, Xinying Zhao, Fei Yang, Xiangling Feng. Prodigiosin Promotes Nrf2 Activation to Inhibit Oxidative Stress Induced by Microcystin-LR in HepG2 Cells. Toxins. 2019; 11 (7):403.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jihua Chen; Yuji Li; Fuqiang Liu; De-Xing Hou; Jingjing Xu; Xinying Zhao; Fei Yang; Xiangling Feng. 2019. "Prodigiosin Promotes Nrf2 Activation to Inhibit Oxidative Stress Induced by Microcystin-LR in HepG2 Cells." Toxins 11, no. 7: 403.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2019 in Nutrients
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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) contains prebiotic components, fructans, antibacterial compounds, and organosulfur compounds. The complex ingredients of garlic seem to impart a paradoxical result on the gut microbiome. In this study, we used a mouse model to clarify the effects of whole garlic on the gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were fed with or without whole garlic in normal diet (ND) or in high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Supplementation with whole garlic attenuated HFD-enhanced ratio of serum GPT/GOT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), levels of T-Cho (total cholesterol) and LDLs (low-density lipoproteins), and index of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), but had no significant effect in the levels of serum HDL-c (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), TG (total triacylglycerol), and glucose. Moreover, garlic supplementation meliorated the HFD-reduced ratio of villus height/crypt depth, cecum weight, and the concentration of cecal organic acids. Finally, gut microbiota characterization by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that whole garlic supplementation increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiome, especially increasing the relative abundance of f_Lachnospiraceae and reducing the relative abundance of g_Prevotella. Taken together, our data demonstrated that whole garlic supplementation could meliorate the HFD-induced dyslipidemia and disturbance of gut microbiome.

ACS Style

Keyu Chen; Kun Xie; Zhuying Liu; Yasushi Nakasone; Kozue Sakao; Amzad Hossain; De-Xing Hou. Preventive Effects and Mechanisms of Garlic on Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1225 .

AMA Style

Keyu Chen, Kun Xie, Zhuying Liu, Yasushi Nakasone, Kozue Sakao, Amzad Hossain, De-Xing Hou. Preventive Effects and Mechanisms of Garlic on Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (6):1225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keyu Chen; Kun Xie; Zhuying Liu; Yasushi Nakasone; Kozue Sakao; Amzad Hossain; De-Xing Hou. 2019. "Preventive Effects and Mechanisms of Garlic on Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis." Nutrients 11, no. 6: 1225.

Article
Published: 15 February 2019 in Molecules
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Fisetin, a dietary flavonoid, is reported to have cellular antioxidant activity with an unclear mechanism. In this study, we investigated the effect of fisetin on the nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in HepG2 cells to explore the cellular antioxidant mechanism. Fisetin upregulated the mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), and induced the protein of HO-1 but had no significant effect on the protein of GCLC, GCLM and NQO1. Moreover, nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 was clearly observed by immunofluorescence analysis and western blotting after fisetin treatment, and an enhanced luciferase activity of antioxidant response element (ARE)-regulated transactivation was obtained by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. In addition, fisetin upregulated the protein level of Nrf2 and downregulated the protein level of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). However, fisetin had no significant effect on Nrf2 mRNA expression. When protein synthesis was inhibited with cycloheximide (CHX), fisetin prolonged the half-life of Nrf2 from 15 min to 45 min. When blocking Nrf2 degradation with proteasome inhibitor MG132, ubiquitinated proteins were enhanced, and fisetin reduced ubiquitination of Nrf2. Taken together, fisetin translocated Nrf2 into the nucleus and upregulated the expression of downstream HO-1 gene by inhibiting the degradation of Nrf2 at the post-transcriptional level. These data provide the molecular mechanism to understand the cellular antioxidant activity of fisetin.

ACS Style

Huihui Zhang; Wan Zheng; Xiangling Feng; Fei Yang; Hong Qin; Shusong Wu; De-Xing Hou; Jihua Chen. Nrf2–ARE Signaling Acts as Master Pathway for the Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Fisetin. Molecules 2019, 24, 708 .

AMA Style

Huihui Zhang, Wan Zheng, Xiangling Feng, Fei Yang, Hong Qin, Shusong Wu, De-Xing Hou, Jihua Chen. Nrf2–ARE Signaling Acts as Master Pathway for the Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Fisetin. Molecules. 2019; 24 (4):708.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huihui Zhang; Wan Zheng; Xiangling Feng; Fei Yang; Hong Qin; Shusong Wu; De-Xing Hou; Jihua Chen. 2019. "Nrf2–ARE Signaling Acts as Master Pathway for the Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Fisetin." Molecules 24, no. 4: 708.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2018 in Molecules
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Polyphenols from the Lonicera caerulea L. berry have shown protective effects on experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in our previous studies. As endotoxins from gut bacteria are considered to be the major trigger of inflammation in NAFLD, this study aims to clarify the regulatory effects of L. caerulea L. berry polyphenols (LCBP) on gut microbiota in a high fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model. C57BL/6N mice were fed with a normal diet, HFD, or HFD containing 0.5–1% of LCBP for 45 days. The results revealed that supplementation with LCBP decreased significantly the levels of IL-2, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in serum, as well as endotoxin levels in both serum and liver in HFD-fed mice. Fecal microbiota characterization by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that a HFD increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and LCBP reduced this ratio by increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and another two undefined bacterial genera belonging to the order of Bacteroidales and family of Rikenellaceae, and also by decreasing the relative abundance of six bacterial genera belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, including Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, and Oscillospira. These data demonstrated that LCBP potentially attenuated inflammation in NAFLD through modulation of gut microbiota, especially the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes.

ACS Style

Shusong Wu; Ruizhi Hu; Hironobu Nakano; Keyu Chen; Ming Liu; Xi He; Hongfu Zhang; Jianhua He; De-Xing Hou. Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Lonicera caerulea L. Berry Polyphenols in a Mouse Model of Fatty Liver Induced by High Fat Diet. Molecules 2018, 23, 3213 .

AMA Style

Shusong Wu, Ruizhi Hu, Hironobu Nakano, Keyu Chen, Ming Liu, Xi He, Hongfu Zhang, Jianhua He, De-Xing Hou. Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Lonicera caerulea L. Berry Polyphenols in a Mouse Model of Fatty Liver Induced by High Fat Diet. Molecules. 2018; 23 (12):3213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shusong Wu; Ruizhi Hu; Hironobu Nakano; Keyu Chen; Ming Liu; Xi He; Hongfu Zhang; Jianhua He; De-Xing Hou. 2018. "Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Lonicera caerulea L. Berry Polyphenols in a Mouse Model of Fatty Liver Induced by High Fat Diet." Molecules 23, no. 12: 3213.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2018 in Polymers
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The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABPS) supplementation on performance, immune response, intestinal mucosal morphology, and gut microbiome in yellow-feathered broilers challenged with Escherichia coli K88. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used for the trial. Two hundred and forty one-day-old female broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments: (1) negative-control broilers were fed by a basal diet and saline (NG); (2) positive-control broilers were fed by a basal diet and orally challenged with 108 CFU E. coli K88 (CNG); (3) ABP group broilers were fed by a basal diet containing ABPS (500 mg/kg of feed) and saline; (4) CABP group broilers were fed by a basal diet containing ABPS (500 mg/kg of feed) and orally challenged with 108 CFU E. coli K88. Growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, immune responses, intestinal mucosal morphology, and cecal microbial community structure were evaluated. The ABP group had greatest body weight (BW), average daily body weight gain (ADG), and intestinal villus height compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). The CABP group had a higher villus height/crypt depth ratio (V/C) compared with other treatments (p < 0.05). The expression levels of NF-κB were lower in the ABP group. The CNG group had higher Escherichia coli and Enterococcus contents in cecal samples compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). Serum glucose, uric acid, TNF-α, and Secretory Immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) levels were higher in broilers challenged with E. coli (p < 0.001) than that with saline. Broilers challenged with E. coli had reduced taxa richness in the cecal samples. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in cecal samples revealed that a lower proportion of Firmicutes and a higher proportion of Proteobacteria were detected in the broilers challenged with E. coli. Compared with the controls, dietary ABPS supplementation increased serum total protein, albumin, and S-IgA levels, but decreased serum glucose, uric acid, and TNF-α levels in broilers (p < 0.05). Diet supplemented with ABPS increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, and altered cecal microbiota community structure. These results suggest that ABPS can promote growth performance and improve intestinal morphology and microbiota community structure in broilers challenged with E. coli K88.

ACS Style

Zhuying Liu; Xiaolong Wang; Shuqi Ou; Muhammed Adebayo Arowolo; De-Xing Hou; Jianhua He. Effects of Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharides on Intestinal Morphology, Immune Response, and Gut Microbiome in Yellow Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Polymers 2018, 10, 1233 .

AMA Style

Zhuying Liu, Xiaolong Wang, Shuqi Ou, Muhammed Adebayo Arowolo, De-Xing Hou, Jianhua He. Effects of Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharides on Intestinal Morphology, Immune Response, and Gut Microbiome in Yellow Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Polymers. 2018; 10 (11):1233.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhuying Liu; Xiaolong Wang; Shuqi Ou; Muhammed Adebayo Arowolo; De-Xing Hou; Jianhua He. 2018. "Effects of Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharides on Intestinal Morphology, Immune Response, and Gut Microbiome in Yellow Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia coli K88." Polymers 10, no. 11: 1233.

Comparative study
Published: 25 September 2018 in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology
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There are >80 species of turmeric (Curcuma spp.) and some species have multiple varieties, for example, Curcuma longa (C. longa) has 70 varieties. They could be different in their chemical properties and biological activities. Therefore, we compared antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of different species and varieties of turmeric namely C. longa [variety: Ryudai gold (RD) and Okinawa ukon], C. xanthorrhiza, C. aromatica, C. amada, and C. zedoaria. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power and 2-deoxyribose (2-DR) oxidation assay. Our results suggested that RD contained significantly higher concentrations of total phenolic (157.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and flavonoids (1089.5 mg rutin equivalent/g extract). RD also showed significantly higher DPPH radical-scavenging activity (IC50: 26.4 μg/mL), ORAC (14,090 μmol Trolox equivalent/g extract), reducing power absorbance (0.33) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC50: 7.4 μg/mL). Therefore, RD was chosen for the isolation of antioxidant compounds using silica gel column, Toyopearl HW-40F column, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Structural identification of the compounds was conducted using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The purified antioxidant compounds were bisabolone-9-one (1), 4-methyllene-5-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one (2), turmeronol B (3), 5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-hepten-3-one (4), 3-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-hepten-1,5-dione (5), cyclobisdemethoxycurcumin (6), bisdemethoxycurcumin (7), demethoxycurcumin (8) and curcumin (9). The IC50 for DPPH radical-scavenging activity were 474, 621, 234, 29, 39, 257, 198, 47 and 18 μM and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity were 25.1, 24.4, 20.2, 2.1, 5.1, 17.2, 7.2, 3.3 and 1.5 μM for compound 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, respectively. Our findings suggested that the RD variety of C. longa, developed by the University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan, is a promising source of natural antioxidants.

ACS Style

Jesmin Akter; Amzad Hossain; Kensaku Takara; Zahorul Islam; De-Xing Hou. Antioxidant activity of different species and varieties of turmeric (Curcuma spp): Isolation of active compounds. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 2018, 215, 9 -17.

AMA Style

Jesmin Akter, Amzad Hossain, Kensaku Takara, Zahorul Islam, De-Xing Hou. Antioxidant activity of different species and varieties of turmeric (Curcuma spp): Isolation of active compounds. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology. 2018; 215 ():9-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jesmin Akter; Amzad Hossain; Kensaku Takara; Zahorul Islam; De-Xing Hou. 2018. "Antioxidant activity of different species and varieties of turmeric (Curcuma spp): Isolation of active compounds." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 215, no. : 9-17.

Research paper
Published: 27 August 2018 in Weed Biology and Management
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Turmeric (Curcuma spp.) has numerous biological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal properties. Here, we evaluated the plant growth‐inhibitory activities of two cultivars of Curcuma longa (C. longa; Ryudai gold and Okinawa ukon) against radish, cress, lettuce and Bidens pilosa (B. pilosa). The methanol extracts of both turmeric varieties inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of all the tested plants. Ryudai gold had a significantly higher inhibitory effect on the seed germination and root and shoot growth of the plants than Okinawa ukon. Therefore, Ryudai gold was chosen for the isolation of plant growth‐inhibitory compounds using a silica gel column and high‐performance liquid chromatography. The structural identification of the compounds was carried out using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The growth inhibitors were identified as four curcuminoids; dihydrobisdemethoxycurcumin (1), bisdemethoxycurcumin (2), demethoxycurcumin (3) and curcumin (4). The IC50 of the curcuminoids against the root and shoot growth of B. pilosa ranged from 8.7 ± 1.7 to 12.9 ± 1.8 and from 15.5 ± 1.8 to 38.9 ± 2.8 μmol L−1, respectively. Compound 1 showed the lowest IC50 against the root and shoot growth of B. pilosa. These results suggested that Ryudai gold has a potential growth‐inhibitory effect against B. pilosa.

ACS Style

Jesmin Akter; Zahorul Islam; Kensaku Takara; Amzad Hossain; Shinichi Gima; De-Xing Hou. Plant growth inhibitors in turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) and their effects on Bidens pilosa. Weed Biology and Management 2018, 18, 136 -145.

AMA Style

Jesmin Akter, Zahorul Islam, Kensaku Takara, Amzad Hossain, Shinichi Gima, De-Xing Hou. Plant growth inhibitors in turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) and their effects on Bidens pilosa. Weed Biology and Management. 2018; 18 (3):136-145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jesmin Akter; Zahorul Islam; Kensaku Takara; Amzad Hossain; Shinichi Gima; De-Xing Hou. 2018. "Plant growth inhibitors in turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) and their effects on Bidens pilosa." Weed Biology and Management 18, no. 3: 136-145.

Article
Published: 16 July 2018 in Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal
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Turmeric (Curcuma spp.) are rhizomatous perennial herbs with broad spectrum of pharmacological actions. There are more than 80 species of turmeric and 70 varieties/strains of Curcuma longa, which may have different chemical properties and biological activities. Hence, we compared the major active components (curcuminoides) and antifungal activity of three Curcuma longa strains (Ryudai gold (RD), Okinawa ukon, and BK2), C. xanthorrhiza, C. aromatica, C. amada, and C. zedoaria against Fusarium solani sensu lato (FSSL). The content of curcuminoides was determined by HPLC and the antifungal activity was measured by the diameter of colonies grown on Petri dish, microscopic observation, and CLSI microdilution methods. The BK2 turmeric contained highest concentration of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin followed by RD, C. xanthorrhiza, Okinawa ukon, and C. aromatica. These compounds were not detected in C. amada and C. zedoaria. All turmeric species inhibited fungal growth in a concentration-dependent manner. The order of IC50 against FSSL was RD (78 to 92 μg/ml) > BK2 (89 to 101 μg/ml) > C. xanthorrhiza (98 to 114 μg/ml) > C. aromatica (183 to 204 μg/ml) > C. amada (183 to 206 μg/ml) > Okinawa ukon (191 to 216 μg/ml) > C. zedoaria (354 to 385 μg/ml). The results showed a correlation between the antifungal activity and curcuminiods contents of turmeric. Curcumin itself showed marked antifungal activity against FSSL (IC50 = 23 to 25 μg/ml) followed by demethoxycurcumin (IC50 = 25 to 27 μg/ml), while the antifungal activity of bisdemethoxycurcumin was extremely low (IC50 = 216 to 238 μg/ml). However, C. amada and C. zedoaria had no curcuminoids but showed antifungal effects which indicated that other compounds could also inhibit the growth of FSSL. The obtained results demonstrated that turmeric species C. longa (strains Ryudai gold and BK2) and C. xanthorrhiza had higher content of curcuminoids and showed excellent antifungal activity against FSSL.

ACS Style

Jesmin Akter; Amzad Hossain; Ayako Sano; Kensaku Takara; Zahorul Islam; De-Xing Hou. Antifungal Activity of Various Species and Strains of Turmeric (Curcuma SPP.) Against Fusarium Solani Sensu Lato. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 2018, 52, 320 -325.

AMA Style

Jesmin Akter, Amzad Hossain, Ayako Sano, Kensaku Takara, Zahorul Islam, De-Xing Hou. Antifungal Activity of Various Species and Strains of Turmeric (Curcuma SPP.) Against Fusarium Solani Sensu Lato. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 2018; 52 (4):320-325.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jesmin Akter; Amzad Hossain; Ayako Sano; Kensaku Takara; Zahorul Islam; De-Xing Hou. 2018. "Antifungal Activity of Various Species and Strains of Turmeric (Curcuma SPP.) Against Fusarium Solani Sensu Lato." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 52, no. 4: 320-325.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2018 in Animal Nutrition
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L-theanine, a natural nonprotein amino acid with a high biological activity, is reported to exert anti-stress properties. An experiment with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary L-theanine on growth performance and immune function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers. A total of 432 one-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments (control, antibiotic and L-theanine diets) with 2 subgroups of each (6 replicate cages; 12 birds/cage). Birds from each subgroup of the 3 dietary treatments were intra-abdominally injected with the same amount of LPS or saline at 24, 25, 26 d of age. Both dietary L-theanine and antibiotic improved (P < 0.05) the growth performance of birds before LPS injection (d 1 to 21). The effect of dietary L-theanine was better (P < 0.05) than that of antibiotic. Lipopolysaccharide decreased feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) from d 22 to 28 (P < 0.05), BWG and feed to gain ratio (F:G) from d 29 to 56 (P < 0.05), increased mortality in different growth periods (P < 0.05), elevated the levels of serum cortisol, α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) on d 24 and 25 (P < 0.05), reduced immune organ indexes and contents of jejunal mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) on d 28 (P < 0.05). The decreased FI and BWG, as well as increased F:G and mortality in LPS-challenged birds, were alleviated by dietary L-theanine or antibiotic from d 29 to 56 and from d 1 to 56. Dietary L-theanine mitigated the elevated serum α1-AGP level on d 25, serum IL-6 concentration on d 24 and 26, and the decreased jejunal mucosal sIgA content on d 28 of the LPS-challenged birds. The results indicated that L-theanine had potential to alleviate LPS-induced immune stress in broilers.

ACS Style

Rui Li; Zehe Song; Jianfei Zhao; Dongxiao Huo; Zhiyong Fan; De-Xing Hou; Xi He. Dietary L-theanine alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress in yellow-feathered broilers. Animal Nutrition 2018, 4, 265 -272.

AMA Style

Rui Li, Zehe Song, Jianfei Zhao, Dongxiao Huo, Zhiyong Fan, De-Xing Hou, Xi He. Dietary L-theanine alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress in yellow-feathered broilers. Animal Nutrition. 2018; 4 (3):265-272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rui Li; Zehe Song; Jianfei Zhao; Dongxiao Huo; Zhiyong Fan; De-Xing Hou; Xi He. 2018. "Dietary L-theanine alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress in yellow-feathered broilers." Animal Nutrition 4, no. 3: 265-272.

Research communication
Published: 14 May 2018 in BioFactors
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6‐(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6‐MSITC), a major bioactive compound in Wasabi [Wasabia japonica (Miq.) Matsum.], has revealed the inhibitory effect on colon carcinogenesis in rat cancer model although the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we used two types of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53–/–) to investigate the anticancer activity and molecular mechanisms of 6‐MSITC. Interestingly, 6‐MSITC inhibited the cell proliferation in both types of cells with similar IC50 value although a light increase in the phosphorylation and accumulation of P53 protein was observed in HCT116 p53+/+ cells at 24 h after treatment. In addition, 6‐MSITC increased the ratio of proapoptotic cells in both types of cells with the same fashion in a p53‐independent manner. The data from mitochondrial analysis revealed that 6‐MSITC enhanced the ratio of proapoptotic B‐cell lymphoma‐2‐associated X protein/antiapoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1, and sequentially caused mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) loss, cytochrome c release, and caspase‐3 activation in both types of cells. Taken together, Wasabi 6‐MSITC induced apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells in p53‐independent mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. These findings suggest that 6‐MSITC might be a potential agent for colon cancer chemoprevention although with p53 mutation. © 2018 BioFactors, 2018

ACS Style

Satoshi Yano; Shusong Wu; Kozue Sakao; De-Xing Hou. Wasabi 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells through p53 -independent mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. BioFactors 2018, 44, 361 -368.

AMA Style

Satoshi Yano, Shusong Wu, Kozue Sakao, De-Xing Hou. Wasabi 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells through p53 -independent mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. BioFactors. 2018; 44 (4):361-368.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Satoshi Yano; Shusong Wu; Kozue Sakao; De-Xing Hou. 2018. "Wasabi 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells through p53 -independent mitochondrial dysfunction pathway." BioFactors 44, no. 4: 361-368.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Engineering
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be caused by mechanical, thermal, infectious, and chemical stimuli, and their negative effects on the health of humans and other animals are of considerable concern. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1) system plays a major role in maintaining the balance between the production and elimination of ROS via the regulation of a series of detoxifying and antioxidant enzyme gene expressions by means of the antioxidant response element (ARE). Dietary phytochemicals, which are generally found in vegetables, fruits, grains, and herbs, have been reported to have health benefits and to improve the growth performance and meat quality of farm animals through the regulation of Nrf2-mediated phase II enzymes in a variety of ways. However, the enormous quantity of somewhat chaotic data that is available on the effects of phytochemicals needs to be properly classified according to the functions or mechanisms of phytochemicals. In this review, we first introduce the antioxidant properties of phytochemicals and their relation to the Nrf2/Keap1 system. We then summarize the effects of phytochemicals on the growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal microbiota of farm animals via targeting the Nrf2/Keap1 system. These exhaustive data contribute to better illuminate the underlying biofunctional properties of phytochemicals in farm animals

ACS Style

Si Qin; De-Xing Hou. The Biofunctions of Phytochemicals and Their Applications in Farm Animals: The Nrf2/Keap1 System as a Target. Engineering 2017, 3, 738 -752.

AMA Style

Si Qin, De-Xing Hou. The Biofunctions of Phytochemicals and Their Applications in Farm Animals: The Nrf2/Keap1 System as a Target. Engineering. 2017; 3 (5):738-752.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Si Qin; De-Xing Hou. 2017. "The Biofunctions of Phytochemicals and Their Applications in Farm Animals: The Nrf2/Keap1 System as a Target." Engineering 3, no. 5: 738-752.

Research article
Published: 14 June 2017 in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Lonicera caerulea L. berry polyphenols (LCBP) are considered as major components for bioactivity. This study aimed to clarify the molecular mechanisms by monitoring inflammatory and antioxidant mediator actions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse paw edema and macrophage cell model. LCBP significantly attenuated LPS-induced paw edema (3.0 ± 0.1 to 2.8 ± 0.1 mm, P < 0.05) and reduced (P < 0.05) serum levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1, 100.9 ± 2.3 to 58.3 ± 14.5 ng/mL), interleukin (IL)-10 (1596.1 ± 424.3 to 709.7 ± 65.7 pg/mL), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α (1761.9 ± 208.3 to 1369.1 ± 56.4 pg/mL), IL-6 (1262.8 ± 71.7 to 499.0 ± 67.1 pg/mL), IL-4 (93.3 ± 25.7 to 50.7 ± 12.5 pg/mL), IL-12(p-70) (580.4 ± 132.0 to 315.2 ± 35.1 pg/mL), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 2045.5 ± 264.9 to 1270.7 ± 158.6 pg/mL). Cell signaling analysis revealed that LCBP inhibited transforming growth factor β activated kinase-1 (TAK1)-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in earlier response. Moreover, cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) and (−)-epicatechin (EC), two major components of LCBP, directly bound to TAK1. These data demonstrated that LCBP might inhibit LPS-induced inflammation by modulating both inflammatory and antioxidant mediators.

ACS Style

Shusong Wu; Satoshi Yano; Jihua Chen; Ayami Hisanaga; Kozue Sakao; Xi He; Jianhua He; De-Xing Hou. Polyphenols from Lonicera caerulea L. Berry Inhibit LPS-Induced Inflammation through Dual Modulation of Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mediators. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2017, 65, 5133 -5141.

AMA Style

Shusong Wu, Satoshi Yano, Jihua Chen, Ayami Hisanaga, Kozue Sakao, Xi He, Jianhua He, De-Xing Hou. Polyphenols from Lonicera caerulea L. Berry Inhibit LPS-Induced Inflammation through Dual Modulation of Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mediators. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2017; 65 (25):5133-5141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shusong Wu; Satoshi Yano; Jihua Chen; Ayami Hisanaga; Kozue Sakao; Xi He; Jianhua He; De-Xing Hou. 2017. "Polyphenols from Lonicera caerulea L. Berry Inhibit LPS-Induced Inflammation through Dual Modulation of Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mediators." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65, no. 25: 5133-5141.

Journal article
Published: 04 April 2017 in Animal Nutrition
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Magnolol rich in Magnolia officinalis is a bioactive polyphenolic compound. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of magnolol additive (MA) on growth performance, expression levels of antioxidant-related genes, and intestinal mucosal morphology of Linwu ducks aged from 49 to 70 days, comparing with that of an antibiotic additive (colistin sulfate [CS]). A total of 275, 49-day-old ducks were assigned to 5 groups with 5 cages of 11 ducks each and fed diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg of MA/kg and 300 mg of CS/kg for 3 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the average daily body weight gain (ADG) was increased significantly in MA-fed groups (200 and 300 mg/kg), compared with the basal diet (BD) group (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), manganese superoxide dismutase-2 (MnSOD2) and catalase (CAT) were also increased significantly in MA groups (P < 0.05). In addition, hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that Linwu ducks fed the diets with MA had more intact intestinal mucosa than those fed the BD and CS diets. In addition, ileal villus height, ileal villus height/crypt depth ratio (V/C) and duodenal V/C were also improved significantly (P < 0.05). Taken together, these data demonstrated that MA is an effective feed additive to enhance the growth performance of the Linwu ducks by improving the antioxidant and intestinal mucosal status, suggesting that MA will be a potential additive to replace antibiotic (CS).

ACS Style

Qian Lin; Jianfei Zhao; Kun Xie; Yushi Wang; Guili Hu; Guitao Jiang; Qiuzhong Dai; Zhiyong Fan; Jianhua He; Xi He; De-Xing Hou. Magnolol additive as a replacer of antibiotic enhances the growth performance of Linwu ducks. Animal Nutrition 2017, 3, 132 -138.

AMA Style

Qian Lin, Jianfei Zhao, Kun Xie, Yushi Wang, Guili Hu, Guitao Jiang, Qiuzhong Dai, Zhiyong Fan, Jianhua He, Xi He, De-Xing Hou. Magnolol additive as a replacer of antibiotic enhances the growth performance of Linwu ducks. Animal Nutrition. 2017; 3 (2):132-138.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qian Lin; Jianfei Zhao; Kun Xie; Yushi Wang; Guili Hu; Guitao Jiang; Qiuzhong Dai; Zhiyong Fan; Jianhua He; Xi He; De-Xing Hou. 2017. "Magnolol additive as a replacer of antibiotic enhances the growth performance of Linwu ducks." Animal Nutrition 3, no. 2: 132-138.